Transcript chapter 12 - Princeton ISD

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Personal Care
1. Define important words in this chapter
additive
a substance added to another substance, changing its effect.
axilla
underarm or armpit area.
bridge
a type of dental appliance that replaces missing or pulled teeth.
dandruff
excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp.
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1. Define important words in this chapter
dentures
artificial teeth.
edema
swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid.
edentulous
lacking teeth; toothless.
gingivitis
an inflammation of the gums.
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1. Define important words in this chapter
grooming
practices to care for oneself, such as caring for fingernails and
hair.
halitosis
bad-smelling breath.
hygiene
methods of keeping the body clean.
partial bath
bath that includes washing the face, underarms, hands, and
perineal area.
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Personal Care
1. Define important words in this chapter
pediculosis
an infestation of lice.
plaque
a substance that accumulates on the teeth from food and
bacteria.
tartar
hard deposits on the teeth that are filled with bacteria; may
cause gum disease and loose teeth if they are not removed.
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Define the following terms:
hygiene
methods of keeping the body clean.
grooming
practices to care for oneself, such as caring for fingernails and
hair.
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Assisting with a.m. care includes the following:
• Taking resident to the bathroom, offering a bedpan, urinal, or
an incontinent brief change, helping with perineal care, if
needed, and washing resident’s hands
• Helping with mouth care or denture care before and/or after
breakfast, as the resident prefers
• Assisting with washing face and hands in bed, shower room,
or in bathroom
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Assisting with a.m. care (cont’d.):
• Changing resident’s gown, pajamas, or clothing
• Providing breakfast and fluids
• Assisting with bathing, as the resident prefers
• Helping resident with shaving, hair care, hand and fingernail
care, foot care, and cosmetics
• Making the bed and tidying resident’s room
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Assisting with p.m. care includes the following:
• Taking resident to the bathroom, offering bedpan or urinal, or
an incontinent brief change and assisting with handwashing
• Helping with mouth care or denture care after lunch and
dinner, as the resident prefers
• Providing lunch, dinner, snacks, and fluids; giving fresh
drinking water
• Assisting the resident with bathing, if evening is preferable
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Assisting with p.m. care (cont’d.):
• Giving a back massage
• Changing into resident’s gown or pajamas
• Helping resident with hair care
• Assisting with washing face and removing makeup as needed
• Changing linens as needed and preparing the bed for the
resident’s return
• Tidying resident’s room
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Think about this question:
Can you think of any additional personal care tasks (other than
those listed) that you might assist residents with in the morning
or in the evening?
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Transparency 12-1: Assisting with Personal Care
• Promote self-care and help the resident be as independent
as possible.
• Be empathetic.
• Always explain what you will be doing and answer any
questions.
• Provide privacy.
• Allow enough time for tasks without rushing or interrupting
residents.
• Provide for personal choice.
• Be patient.
• Be respectful and provide privacy during phone calls and
visits.
• Keep residents covered during bathing and dressing.
• Promote residents’ safety.
• Talk during personal care and report changes, concerns, or
problems.
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Think about this question:
For each point listed on the transparency (also listed below), can
you think of specific things you can do when working with
residents?
• Promote self-care and help the resident be as independent as
possible.
• Be empathetic.
• Always explain what you will be doing and answer any
questions.
• Provide privacy.
• Allow enough time for tasks, without rushing or interrupting
residents.
• Provide for personal choice.
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2. Explain personal care of residents
Think about this question (cont’d.):
For each point listed on the transparency (also listed below), can
you think of specific things you can do when working with
residents?
• Be patient.
• Be respectful and provide privacy during phone calls and
visits.
• Keep residents covered during bathing and dressing.
• Promote residents’ safety.
• Talk during personal care and report changes, concerns, or
problems.
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Define the following terms:
partial bath
bath that includes washing the face, underarms, hands, and
perineal area.
additive
a substance added to another substance, changing its effect.
edema
swelling in body tissues caused by excess fluid.
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Know the four basic types of baths and how each is best suited to
particular residents:
• Partial bath (set-up bath) is best suited to a resident who
has drier, fragile, and more sensitive skin, should not have
daily full baths, is unable to get up to take a shower or tub
bath, and/or wants a quick bath before a meal and plans on
taking a shower or bath later in the day.
• Shower is best suited to a resident who is able to stand during
a shower, and/or is able to safely sit in a shower chair.
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Four basic types of baths (cont’d.):
• Tub bath is best suited to a resident who is able to transfer
into and out of a tub and/or has a doctor’s order for a special
bath using an additive.
• Complete bed bath is best suited to a resident who is unable
to get out of bed to shower or bathe, and requires a full bath.
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
REMEMBER:
During personal care, you can you obtain information about
residents by making observations and asking questions.
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Be sure to observe and report any of the following during
bathing:
• Change in size of one or both pupils
• Difference in appearance from one eye to another
• Yellow or red color in whites of the eyes
• Changes in vision, ability to hear, and sense of smell
• Drooping on one side of the face
• Weight loss
• Drainage coming from any area, including eyes, ears, nipples,
or genitals
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Observe and report during bathing (cont’d.):
• Foul odors from any body area
• Pale, blue-tinged (cyanotic), white, reddened, or purple areas
on the skin
• Dry, flaky, broken, or cracked skin
• Lumps or bumps on the skin
• Moles or spots on the skin, especially those that are red,
white, yellow, dark brown, gray, or black
• Rashes or any skin discoloration
• Bruises
• Blisters
• Cuts, scrapes, or scratches
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Observe and report during bathing (cont’d.):
• Open sores or ulcers on any area of the body
• Changes in open sore, wound, or ulcer (color, size, drainage,
odor, overall depth of sore)
• Swelling/edema of any area, especially the knuckles, fingers,
groin, abdomen, legs, ankles, or feet (edema is swelling in
body tissues caused by excess fluid)
• Poor condition of fingernails or toenails
• Nails in need of trimming
• Dry, cracked, or broken skin in between toes or toenails
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3. Describe different types of baths and list observations to make
about the skin during bathing
Observe and report during bathing (cont’d.):
• Itching or scratching
• Change in emotional state
• Change in level of mobility
• Complaints of pain or discomfort
• Stiff neck
• Numbness, burning, warmth, or tingling in the extremities or
other areas of the body
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4. Explain safety guidelines for bathing
REMEMBER:
Safety must be the highest priority when bathing residents. Many
accidents happen in the bathroom or shower room. Assess the
area for any risks before bathing a resident.
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Transparency 12-2: Safety Guidelines and Bathing
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Ask for help if you need it.
Follow the care plan.
Keep residents covered as much as possible.
Clean areas and equipment before and after use.
Make sure floor in shower room is dry.
Use nonslip mats in regular tubs.
Make sure safety bars are in working order. Encourage
residents to use them.
Gather all needed supplies and equipment and place these
items within reach.
Do not use bath oils or talcum powder.
Set water at a comfortable temperature for each resident.
Temperature should not be over 105° F.
Store electrical appliances away from water source.
Do not leave residents alone while bathing.
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5. List the order in which body parts are washed during bathing
Define the following term:
axilla
underarm or armpit area.
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5. List the order in which body parts are washed during bathing
REMEMBER:
When assisting with bathing, washing from the cleanest area to
the dirtiest reduces the risk of transferring microorganisms.
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Transparency 12-3: Bathing Wheel
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Eyes
Face
Ears
Neck
Arms, Axilla (axillae),
and Hands
6. Chest and Abdomen
7. Legs and Feet
8. Back
9. Perineal Area
10. Buttocks
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5. List the order in which body parts are washed during bathing
Know the correct order to wash body parts, as listed on the
Bathing Wheel:
1. Eyes
2. Face
3. Ears
4. Neck
5. Arms, axilla (axillae), and hands
6. Chest and abdomen
7. Legs and feet
8. Back
9. Perineal area
10. Buttocks
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6. Explain how to assist with bathing
Remember these points about bathing:
• Bathing increases circulation and provides an opportunity to
observe the skin.
• Clean and prepare the shower or tub room and gather
supplies before moving the resident there.
• Keep the room warm enough.
• Resident should help choose a comfortable water
temperature.
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6. Explain how to assist with bathing
Points to remember about bathing (cont’d.):
• Wear gloves while bathing a resident and change gloves
before giving perineal care.
• Make sure all soap residue is removed.
• Make sure the resident understands what will happen before
providing perineal care.
• Observe the skin closely during bathing.
Giving a complete bed bath
Equipment: bath blanket, bath
basin, soap, bath
thermometer, 2-4 washcloths,
2-4 bath towels, clean gown
or clothes, 2 pairs of gloves,
lotion, deodorant, orangewood
stick or emery board
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Giving a complete bed bath
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door. Be sure
the room is at a
comfortable temperature
and there are no drafts.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels.
6.
Place a bath blanket or
towel over resident. Ask
him to hold onto it as
you remove or fold back
top bedding. Remove
gown, while keeping
resident covered with
bath blanket (or top
sheet).
Giving a complete bed bath
7.
Fill the basin with warm
water. Test water
temperature with
thermometer or your
wrist and ensure it is
safe. Water temperature
should not be over
105°F. It cools quickly.
Have resident check
water temperature.
Adjust if necessary.
Change the water when
it becomes too cool,
soapy, or dirty.
8.
Put on gloves.
9.
Ask the resident to
participate in washing.
Help him do this
whenever needed.
Giving a complete bed bath
10. Uncover only one part of
the body at a time. Place
a towel under the body
part being washed.
11. Wash, rinse, and dry one
part of the body at a
time. Start at the head.
Work down, and
complete the front first.
When washing, use a
clean area of the
washcloth for each
stroke.
Giving a complete bed bath
Eyes, Face, Ears, Neck:
Wash face with wet
washcloth (no soap).
Begin with the eye
farther away from you.
Wash inner area to outer
area. Use a different
area of the washcloth for
each eye. Wash the face
from the middle
outward. Use firm but
gentle strokes. Wash the
ears and behind the ears
and the neck. Rinse and
pat dry with blotting
motion.
Giving a complete bed bath
Arms and Axillae:
Remove one arm from
under the towel. With a
soapy washcloth, wash
the upper arm and
underarm. Use long
strokes from the
shoulder to the wrist.
Rinse and pat dry.
Repeat for the other
arm.
Giving a complete bed bath
Hands: Wash the hand
in a basin. Clean under
the nails with an
orangewood stick or nail
brush. Rinse and pat
dry. Make sure to dry
between the fingers.
Give nail care (see
procedure later in this
chapter) if it has been
assigned. Repeat for the
other hand. Put lotion on
the resident’s elbows
and hands if ordered.
Giving a complete bed bath
Chest: Place the towel
across the resident’s
chest. Pull the bath
blanket down to the waist.
Lift the towel only enough
to wash the chest. Rinse it
and pat dry. For a female
resident, wash, rinse, and
dry breasts and under
breasts. Check the skin in
this area for signs of
irritation.
Giving a complete bed bath
Abdomen: Keep towel
across chest. Fold the
bath blanket down so
that it still covers the
genital area. Wash the
abdomen, rinse, and pat
dry. Cover with the
towel. Pull the bath
blanket up to the
resident’s chin. Remove
the towel.
Legs and Feet: Expose
one leg. Place a towel
under it. Wash the thigh.
Use long, downward
strokes. Rinse and pat
dry. Do the same from
the knee to the ankle.
Giving a complete bed bath
Place another towel
under the foot. Move the
basin to the towel. Place
the foot into the basin.
Wash the foot and
between the toes. Rinse
foot and pat dry. Dry
between toes. Give nail
care if it has been
assigned. Do not give
nail care for a diabetic
resident. Never clip a
resident’s toenails. Apply
lotion to the foot if
ordered, especially at
the heels. Do not apply
lotion between the toes.
Repeat steps for the
other leg and foot.
Giving a complete bed bath
Back: Help resident
move to the center of
the bed. Ask resident to
turn onto his side so his
back is facing you. If the
bed has rails, raise the
rail on the far side for
safety. Fold the blanket
away from the back.
Place a towel lengthwise
next to the back. Wash
the back, neck, and
buttocks with long,
downward strokes. Rinse
and pat dry. Apply lotion
if ordered.
Giving a complete bed bath
12. Place the towel under the
buttocks and upper thighs.
Help the resident turn onto
his back. If the resident is
able to wash his or her
perineal area, place a basin
of clean, warm water and a
washcloth and towel within
reach. Hand items to the
resident as needed. If the
resident wants you to leave
the room, remove and
discard gloves. Wash your
hands. Leave supplies and
the call light within reach.
If the resident has a
urinary catheter in place,
remind him not to pull on
it.
Giving a complete bed bath
13. If the resident cannot
provide perineal care,
you will do so. Remove
and discard your gloves.
Wash your hands. Put on
clean gloves. Make sure
to provide privacy at all
times.
14. Perineal area and
buttocks: Change bath
water. Wash, rinse, and
dry perineal area. Work
from front to back (clean
to dirty).
Giving a complete bed bath
For a female resident:
Use water and a small
amount of soap, and
clean from front to back.
Use single strokes. Do
not wash from the back
to the front, as this may
cause infection. Use a
clean area of washcloth
or clean washcloth for
each stroke.
Giving a complete bed bath
First separate the labia
majora, the outside folds of
perineal skin that protect the
urinary meatus and the
vaginal opening. The meatus
is the opening of the female
urethra that is above the
vaginal opening. Clean from
front to back on one side
with a clean washcloth, using
a single stroke. Using a clean
area of washcloth, clean the
other side. Clean the
perineum (area between
genitals and anus) last with
a front to back motion. Rinse
the area thoroughly in the
same way. Make sure all
soap is removed.
Giving a complete bed bath
Dry entire perineal area.
Move from front to back.
Use a blotting motion with
towel. Ask resident to
turn on her side. Wash,
rinse, and dry buttocks
and anal area. Clean the
anal area without
contaminating the
perineal area.
Giving a complete bed bath
For a male resident: If the
resident is uncircumcised,
pull back the foreskin
first. Gently push skin
towards the base of penis.
Hold the penis by the
shaft. Wash in a circular
motion from the tip down
to the base. Use a clean
area of washcloth or clean
washcloth for each stroke.
Giving a complete bed bath
Thoroughly rinse the
penis. If resident is
uncircumcised, gently
return foreskin to normal
position. Then wash the
scrotum and groin. The
groin is the area from
the pubis (area around
the penis and scrotum)
to the upper thighs.
Rinse thoroughly and pat
dry. Ask the resident to
turn on his side. Wash,
rinse, and dry buttocks
and anal area. Clean the
anal area without
contaminating the
perineal area.
Giving a complete bed bath
15. Empty, rinse, and dry
bath basin. Place basin
in designated dirty
supply area or return to
storage, depending on
facility policy.
16. Place soiled clothing and
linens in proper
containers.
17. Remove and discard
gloves.
18. Wash your hands.
19. Provide deodorant.
Giving a complete bed bath
20. Put clean gown or
clothes on resident.
Assist with brushing or
combing resident’s hair
(see procedure later in
the chapter).
21. Remove bath blanket.
Replace bedding. Make
resident comfortable.
22. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
Giving a complete bed bath
23. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
24. Wash your hands.
25. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
26. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
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6. Explain how to assist with bathing
Think about this question:
Why is it important to change the bath water whenever it
becomes too cool, soapy, or dirty?
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Personal Care
6. Explain how to assist with bathing
REMEMBER:
Perineal care is considered a procedure and should be done as a
step-by-step technique, which is different for males and females.
Be sure to turn the resident on his or her side and to clean the
anal area to complete the procedure.
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Personal Care
6. Explain how to assist with bathing
Think about this question:
Why is it so important to clean the anal area without
contaminating the perineal area?
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
Equipment: shampoo, hair
conditioner (if requested), 2
bath towels, washcloth, bath
thermometer, pitcher or
handheld shower or sink
attachment, waterproof pad,
bath blanket, gloves, trough
and catch basin, comb and
brush, hair dryer
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door. Be sure
the room is at a
comfortable temperature
and there are no drafts.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
6.
Lower the head of bed.
Remove pillow.
7.
Test water temperature
with thermometer or
your wrist. Ensure it is
safe. Water temperature
should not be over
105°F. Have resident
check water
temperature. Adjust if
necessary.
8.
Put on gloves.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
9.
Place the waterproof pad
under the resident’s
head and shoulders.
Cover the resident with
the bath blanket. Fold
back the top sheet and
regular blankets.
10. Place the trough under
resident’s head. Connect
trough to catch basin.
Place one towel across
the resident’s shoulders.
11. Protect resident’s eyes
with dry washcloth.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
12. Use pitcher or
attachment to wet hair
thoroughly. Apply a
small amount of
shampoo, usually the
size of a quarter.
13. Lather and massage
scalp with fingertips. Use
a circular motion from
front to back. Do not
scratch the scalp.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
14. Rinse hair until water
runs clear. Apply
conditioner. Rinse as
directed on container. Be
sure to rinse the hair
thoroughly to prevent
the scalp from getting
dry and itchy.
15. Wrap resident’s hair in a
clean towel. Dry his face
with washcloth used to
protect eyes. Gently rub
the scalp and hair with
the towel.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
16. Remove trough and
waterproof covering.
17. Empty, rinse, and wipe
bath basin/pitcher.
Return to proper
storage.
18. Place soiled linen in
proper container.
19. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
20. Raise head of bed.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
21.Dry and comb resident’s
hair as he or she prefers.
See procedure later in the
chapter. Return hair dryer
and comb/brush to proper
storage.
22.Make resident
comfortable.
23.Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
24.Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
Shampooing a resident’s hair in bed
25. Wash your hands.
26. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
27. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
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Personal Care
6. Explain how to assist with bathing
Shampooing hair at a sink versus on a stretcher:
• Some residents will have their hair shampooed at a sink. In
this case, you will seat the resident in a chair that is the
correct height for the sink, and you will pad the edge of the
sink so that the resident’s neck is comfortable. The resident’s
head should be tilted back slightly, in a comfortable position
that is not overextended.
• When assisting a resident on a stretcher with shampooing
hair, you will bring the stretcher to the sink and adjust the
height of the stretcher to be even with the sink. You will lock
the stretcher wheels and fasten safety straps. You will need to
raise one side rail on the side farthest from you.
Giving a shower or tub bath
Equipment: bath blanket,
soap, shampoo, bath
thermometer, 2-4
washcloths, 2-4 bath towels,
clean gown and robe or
clothes, non-skid footwear, 2
pairs of gloves, lotion,
deodorant
1.
Wash your hands.
2.
Place equipment in
shower or tub room. Put
on gloves. Clean shower
or tub area and shower
chair.
Giving a shower or tub bath
3.
Remove and discard
gloves.
4.
Wash your hands.
5.
Go to resident’s room.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
6.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Giving a shower or tub bath
7.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
8.
Help resident to put on
non-skid footwear.
Transport resident to
shower or tub room.
For a shower:
9.
If using a shower chair,
place it into position and
lock its wheels. Safely
transfer resident into
shower chair.
Giving a shower or tub bath
10. Turn on water. Test
water temperature with
thermometer. Water
temperature should be
no more than 105°F.
Have resident check
water temperature.
Adjust if necessary.
Check water
temperature frequently
throughout the shower.
For a tub bath:
9.
Safely transfer resident
onto chair or tub lift.
Giving a shower or tub bath
10. Fill the tub halfway with
warm water. Test water
temperature with
thermometer. Water
temperature should be
no more than 105° F.
Have resident check
water temperature.
Remaining steps for either
procedure:
11. Put on clean gloves.
12. Help resident remove
clothing and shoes.
Giving a shower or tub bath
13. Help the resident into
shower or tub. Put
shower chair into shower
and lock wheels.
14. Stay with resident during
the entire procedure.
15. Let resident wash as
much as possible on his
or her own. Help to wash
his or her face.
Giving a shower or tub bath
16. Help resident shampoo
hair. The resident’s head
should be tilted back
slightly for the shampoo.
The head should not be
extended beyond its
normal range. Carefully
spray water over the
hair, taking care that the
water and
shampoo/conditioner do
not get into the eyes.
Rinse the hair
thoroughly.
Giving a shower or tub bath
17. Help to wash and rinse
the entire body. Move
from head to toe (clean
to dirty).
18. Turn off water or drain
the tub. Cover resident
with bath blanket until
the tub drains.
19. Unlock shower chair
wheels if used. Roll
resident out of shower,
or help resident out of
tub and onto a chair.
Giving a shower or tub bath
20. Give resident towel(s)
and help to pat dry.
Remember to pat dry
under the breasts,
between skin folds, in
the perineal area, and
between toes.
21. Place soiled clothing and
linens in proper
containers.
22. Remove and discard
gloves.
23. Wash your hands.
Giving a shower or tub bath
24. Apply lotion and
deodorant as needed.
Help resident dress and
comb hair before leaving
shower or tub room (see
procedures later in this
chapter). Put on nonskid footwear. Return
resident to room.
25. Make resident
comfortable.
Giving a shower or tub bath
26. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
27. Wash your hands.
28. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
29. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
7. Describe how to perform a back rub
Remember the following about back rubs:
• Back rubs help relax tired, tense muscles and improve
circulation.
• Back rubs are often given after bathing or prior to going to
bed at night.
• They may also be given regularly to relieve pain or
discomfort. Sometimes back rubs should not be given due to
conditions or illnesses. Follow the care plan.
• If the resident has broken or open skin on his back, apply
gloves before giving a back rub.
Giving a back rub
Equipment: bath blanket or
towel, lotion
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Giving a back rub
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lower the
head of the bed. Lock
bed wheels.
Giving a back rub
6.
Position resident lying on
his side (lateral position)
or his stomach (prone
position). Many elderly
residents find lying on
their stomachs
uncomfortable. If so,
have him lie on his side.
Cover with a bath
blanket. Expose back to
the top of the buttocks.
Back rubs can also be
given with the resident
sitting up.
Giving a back rub
7.
Warm lotion by putting
bottle in warm water for
five minutes. Run your
hands under warm
water. Pour lotion on
your hands. Rub them
together. Always put
lotion on your hands
rather than directly on
resident’s skin.
Giving a back rub
8.
Place hands on each side
of upper part of the
buttocks. Use the full
palm of hand. Make long,
smooth upward strokes
with both hands. Move
along each side of the
spine, up to the
shoulders. Circle hands
outward. Move back
along outer edges of the
back. At buttocks, make
another circle. Move
hands back up to the
shoulders. Without taking
hands from resident’s
skin, repeat this motion
for three to five minutes.
Giving a back rub
9.
Knead with the first two
fingers and thumb of each
hand. Place them at base
of the spine. Move upward
together along each side
of the spine. Apply gentle
downward pressure with
fingers and thumbs.
Follow same direction as
with the long smooth
strokes, circling at
shoulders and buttocks.
10. Gently massage bony
areas (spine, shoulder
blades, hip bones). Use
circular motions of
fingertips. Do not massage
any pale, white, or red
areas.
Giving a back rub
11. Finish with long, smooth
strokes.
12. Dry the back if it has
extra lotion remaining.
13. Remove bath blanket.
Help the resident to get
dressed. Make resident
comfortable.
14. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
Giving a back rub
15. Store supplies. Place
soiled clothing and linens
in proper containers.
16. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
17. Wash your hands.
18. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
19. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse, including pale,
white or red areas.
Document procedure
using facility guidelines.
12
Personal Care
7. Describe how to perform a back rub
REMEMBER:
You should wear gloves when giving a back rub to a resident who
has broken or open skin.
12
Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
Define the following terms:
halitosis
bad-smelling breath.
plaque
a substance that accumulates on the teeth from food and
bacteria.
tartar
hard deposits on the teeth that are filled with bacteria; may
cause gum disease and loose teeth if they are not removed.
edentulous
lacking teeth; toothless.
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Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
Define the following term:
gingivitis
an inflammation of the gums.
12
Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
Oral care consists of the following:
• Brushing the teeth, tongue, and gums
• Flossing with dental floss, caring for the lips
• Caring for dentures
12
Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
REMEMBER:
Gloves must always be worn when performing oral care.
12
Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
Remember to observe and report any of the following when
performing oral care:
• Dry, cracked, bleeding, or chapped lips
• Cold sores on the lips
• Raised areas
• Swollen, irritated, red, bleeding, or whitish gums
• Loose, cracked, chipped, broken, or decayed teeth
• Yellow-filled or red sores, such as canker sores inside the
mouth
• White spots inside the mouth
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Personal Care
8. Explain guidelines for performing good oral care
Observe and report when performing oral care (cont’d.):
• Pus or drainage
• Coated or swollen tongue
• Bad breath or fruity-smelling breath
• Change in the resident’s ability to drink, suck on a straw, or
swallow
• Gagging or choking
• Resident reports of mouth pain
Providing oral care
Equipment: toothbrush,
toothpaste, emesis basin,
gloves, towel, glass of water
Maintain clean technique with
placement of toothbrush
throughout procedure.
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
Providing oral care
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels. Make sure
resident is sitting
upright.
Providing oral care
6.
Put on gloves.
7.
Place towel across
resident’s chest.
8.
Wet brush. Apply
toothpaste.
Providing oral care
9.
Clean entire mouth
(including tongue and all
surfaces of teeth and the
gumline) using gentle
strokes. First brush
inner, outer and chewing
surfaces of the upper
teeth, then do the same
with the lower teeth. Use
short strokes. Brush
back and forth.
10. Hold emesis basin to the
resident’s chin.
11. Have resident rinse
mouth with water and
spit into emesis basin.
Providing oral care
12. Wipe resident’s mouth
and remove towel.
13. Empty, rinse and wipe
emesis basin. Rinse
toothbrush. Return
supplies to proper
storage.
14. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container.
15. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
Providing oral care
16. Make resident
comfortable.
17. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
18. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
19. Wash your hands.
20. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
Providing oral care
21. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Report any
problems with teeth,
mouth, tongue, or lips to
nurse. This includes
odor, cracking, sores,
bleeding, and any
discoloration. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
Flossing teeth
Equipment: floss, cup with
water, emesis basin, gloves,
towel
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Flossing teeth
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels. Make sure
resident is in an upright
sitting position.
6.
Put on gloves.
7.
Wrap the ends of floss
securely around each
index finger.
Flossing teeth
8.
Starting with the back
teeth, place floss
between teeth. Move it
down the surface of the
tooth. Use a gentle
sawing motion.
Continue to the gum
line. At the gum line,
curve the floss. Slip it
gently into the space
between the gum and
tooth. Then go back up,
scraping that side of the
tooth. Repeat on the
side of the other tooth.
Flossing teeth
9.
After every two teeth,
unwind floss from your
fingers. Move it so you
are using a clean area.
Floss all teeth.
10. Offer water to rinse the
mouth. Ask the resident
to spit it into the basin.
11. Offer resident a face
towel when done.
Flossing teeth
12. Discard floss. Empty
basin into the toilet.
Clean and store basin
and supplies.
13. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container.
14. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
15. Make resident
comfortable.
16. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
Flossing teeth
17. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
18. Wash your hands.
19. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
Flossing teeth
20. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Report any
problems with teeth,
mouth, tongue, or lips to
nurse. This includes
odor, cracking, sores,
bleeding, and any
discoloration. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
9. Define “dentures” and explain care guidelines
Define the following terms:
dentures
artificial teeth.
bridge
a type of dental appliance that replaces missing or pulled teeth.
12
Personal Care
9. Define “dentures” and explain care guidelines
Know these points about denture care:
• Dentures are expensive and must be handled carefully.
• Wear gloves when cleaning dentures.
• Store dentures in lukewarm water in a covered, labeled
denture cup.
• Match dentures to correct resident.
Cleaning and storing dentures
Equipment: denture brush or
toothbrush, denture cleanser
or tablet, labeled denture cup
with cover, 2 towels, gauze
squares, gloves, cup with
water, emesis basin, denture
cream or adhesive (if
replacing dentures in mouth)
Maintain clean technique with
placement of dentures and
toothbrush throughout
procedure.
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
Cleaning and storing dentures
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible. Encourage
resident to assist if
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
Cleaning and storing dentures
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels. Make sure
resident is in an upright
sitting position.
6.
Put on gloves.
7.
Line sink/basin with a
towel(s) and partially fill
sink with water. This
prevents dentures from
breaking if dropped.
Handle dentures
carefully.
8.
If you are allowed to do
so, and if a resident
cannot remove dentures,
you will do it.
Cleaning and storing dentures
9.
Remove the lower
denture first. The lower
denture is easier to
remove because it floats
on the gum line of the
lower jaw. Grasp the
lower denture with a
gauze square (for a good
grip) and remove it. The
upper denture is sealed
by suction. Firmly grasp
the upper denture with a
gauze square. Give a
slight downward pull to
break the suction. Turn it
at an angle to take it out
of the mouth.
Cleaning and storing dentures
10. Rinse dentures in
tepid/lukewarm running
water before brushing
them. Do not use hot
water. Hot water may
warp or damage
dentures.
11. Apply toothpaste or
cleanser to toothbrush.
12. Brush the dentures on all
surfaces. This includes
the inner, outer, and
chewing surfaces of the
upper and lower
dentures.
Cleaning and storing dentures
13. Rinse all surfaces of
dentures under
tepid/lukewarm running
water. Do not use hot
water.
14. Offer water to rinse the
resident’s mouth. Ask the
resident to spit it into the
emesis basin.
15. Rinse denture cup if placing
clean dentures inside it.
16. Place dentures in clean
denture cup with special
solution or lukewarm water
and cover. Make sure cup is
labeled with resident’s
name. Return denture cup
to storage.
Cleaning and storing dentures
17. Some residents will want
to wear their dentures all
of the time. They will only
want them removed for
cleaning. If replacing
dentures in resident’s
mouth, make sure
resident is still sitting
upright. Apply denture
cream or adhesive to the
dentures, if needed.
When the resident’s
mouth is open, place
upper denture into the
mouth by turning it at an
angle. Straighten it. Press
it onto the upper gum line
firmly and evenly.
Cleaning and storing dentures
17. (cont’d.) Insert the lower
denture onto the gum line
of the lower jaw. Press
firmly.
18. Clean, dry, and return the
equipment to proper
storage.
19. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container and
drain sink.
20. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your hands.
21. Make resident
comfortable.
22. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
Cleaning and storing dentures
23. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
24. Wash your hands.
25. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
26. Report any changes in
the resident or the
appearance of dentures
to the nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
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Personal Care
10. Discuss guidelines for performing oral care for an
unconscious resident
Remember these points about oral care for an unconscious
resident:
• Oral care must be done frequently.
• Oral care keeps the mouth clean and moist.
• Oral care removes sordes and helps prevent them from
developing.
• Use as little liquid as possible to prevent aspiration. Turn
resident’s head to the side.
• Unconscious residents may still be able to hear. Explain the
procedure to the resident and treat the resident with the same
respect you would with a conscious resident.
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Personal Care
10. Discuss guidelines for performing oral care for an
unconscious resident
REMEMBER:
Even when people are unconscious they still may be able to hear
what is going on around them. Limit your discussions to the care
you are providing. Speak to unconscious residents as you would
to any resident.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
Equipment: sponge swabs,
tongue depressor, towel,
emesis basin, gloves, lip
lubricant, cleaning solution
(check the care plan)
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name. Even
residents who are
unconscious may be able
to hear you. Always
speak to them as you
would to any resident.
2.
Wash your hands.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Adjust bed to a safe
level, usually waist high.
Lock bed wheels.
6.
Put on gloves.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
7.
Turn resident on his side
or turn head to the side.
Place a towel under his
cheek and chin. Place an
emesis basin next to the
cheek and chin for
excess fluid.
8.
Hold mouth open with
tongue depressor. Do
not use your fingers to
open the mouth or keep
it open.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
9.
Dip swab in cleaning
solution. Squeeze excess
solution to prevent
aspiration. Wipe inner,
outer, and chewing
surfaces of the upper
and lower teeth, gums,
tongue, and inside
surfaces of mouth.
Change swab often.
Repeat until the mouth
is clean.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
10. Rinse with clean swab
dipped in water.
Squeeze swab first to
remove excess water.
11. Remove the towel and
basin. Pat lips or face
dry. Apply lip lubricant.
12. Clean and return
supplies to proper
storage.
13. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
14. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
15. Make resident
comfortable.
16. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
17. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
18. Wash your hands.
Providing oral care for the unconscious resident
19. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
20. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Report any
problems with teeth,
mouth, tongue, or lips to
nurse. This includes
odor, cracking, sores,
bleeding, and any
discoloration. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
10. Discuss guidelines for performing oral care for an
unconscious resident
Remember these guidelines for giving eye care to an unconscious
resident:
• Wear gloves.
• If using a washcloth, rinse it thoroughly before cleaning the
opposite eye. If using cotton balls, use a clean cotton ball for
one eye and then dispose of it.
• Wipe from the inner area of the eye to the outer area of the
eye when cleaning.
• Follow the care plan when using moist compresses on the
eyes.
• Use special lubricant as ordered.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Grooming is a very important part of the activities of daily living
(ADLs). Each day, some residents will require help with brushing
and styling their hair, shaving, dressing, caring for fingernails,
and applying makeup and jewelry.
• Appearance has a great deal to do with the way people feel
about themselves. Good grooming can have a positive effect
on self-esteem, attitude, and independence. A well-groomed
person is also likely to feel better physically because she is
clean and neatly dressed.
• Promote self-care and independence whenever possible.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Remember these points for assisting with shaving:
• Wear gloves.
• Respect personal preferences regarding shaving.
• Wash and comb beards and mustaches every day.
• Do not trim facial hair.
• Soften hair first if using disposable or safety razor.
• Shave in direction of hair growth.
• Use after-shave, if desired.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Points for assisting with shaving (cont’d.):
• Discard disposable shaving products properly.
• Do not share razors between residents.
• Do not use electric razors near water, oxygen, or pacemakers.
• Handle safety razor blades carefully, and dispose of them
properly.
Shaving a resident
Equipment: razor, basin filled
halfway with warm water (if
using a safety or disposable
razor), washcloth, 2 towels,
mirror, shaving cream or
soap, gloves, after-shave
lotion
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Shaving a resident
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels.
6.
Raise head of bed so
resident is sitting up.
Place towel across the
resident’s chest, under
his chin.
7.
Put on gloves.
Shaving a resident
Shaving using a safety or
disposable razor:
8.
Soften the beard with a
warm, wet washcloth on
the face for a few
minutes before shaving.
Lather the face with
shaving cream or soap
and warm water.
9.
Hold skin taut. Shave in
direction of the hair
growth. Shave beard in
short, downward, and
even strokes on face and
upward strokes on neck.
Rinse the blade often in
warm water to keep it
clean and wet.
Shaving a resident
10. When you have finished,
wash, rinse, and dry the
resident’s face with a
warm, wet washcloth. If
he is able, let him use
the washcloth himself.
Offer mirror to resident.
Shaving using an electric
razor:
8.
Use a small brush to
clean razor, if necessary.
Do not use an electric
razor near any water
source, when oxygen is
in use, or if resident has
a pacemaker.
Shaving a resident
9.
Turn on the razor and
hold skin taut. Shave
with smooth, even
movements. Shave
beard with back and
forth motion in direction
of beard growth with foil
shaver. Shave beard in
circular motion with
three-head shaver.
Shave the chin and
under the chin.
10. Offer mirror to resident.
Shaving a resident
Final steps:
11. Apply after-shave lotion
as resident wishes.
12. Remove the towel and
place towel and
washcloth in proper
container.
13. Clean equipment and
store it. For safety razor:
rinse the razor and store
it. For disposable razor:
dispose of it in a sharps
container. Do not recap
razor. For electric razor:
clean head of razor.
Remove whiskers from
razor. Recap shaving
head. Return razor to
case.
Shaving a resident
14. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
15. Make sure that there are
no loose hairs. Make
resident comfortable.
16. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
17. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
Shaving a resident
18. Wash your hands.
19. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
20. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Remember these points when assisting with nail care:
• Washing and cleaning nails is part of the bathing process.
• Be gentle when using orangewood sticks.
• Do not cut resident’s toenails.
• Do not use nail equipment on more than one resident.
Providing fingernail care
Equipment: orangewood
stick, emery board, basin,
soap, gloves, washcloth, 2
towels, bath thermometer
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
Providing fingernail care
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
If the resident is in bed,
adjust bed to safe working
level, usually waist high.
Lock bed wheels.
6.
Fill the basin halfway with
warm water. Test water
temperature with
thermometer or your
wrist. Ensure it is safe.
Water temperature should
not be over 105°F. Have
resident check water
temperature. Adjust if
necessary. Place basin at a
comfortable level for
resident.
Providing fingernail care
7.
Put on gloves.
8.
Soak the resident’s nails
in the basin of water.
Soak all 10 fingertips for
at least five minutes.
9.
Remove hands. Wash
hands with soapy
washcloth. Rinse. Pat
hands dry with towel,
including between
fingers. Remove the
hand basin.
10. Place resident’s hands
on the towel. Gently
clean under each
fingernail with
orangewood stick.
Providing fingernail care
11. Wipe orangewood stick
on towel after each nail.
Wash resident’s hands
again. Dry them
thoroughly, especially
between fingers.
12. Shape nails with file or
emery board. File in a
curve. Finish with nails
smooth and free of
rough edges.
13. Empty, rinse, and wipe
basin. Place basin in
proper area for cleaning
or clean and store it
according to policy.
14. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container.
Providing fingernail care
15. Remove and discard
gloves. Wash your
hands.
16. Make resident
comfortable.
17. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
18. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
19. Wash your hands.
Providing fingernail care
20. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
21. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Remember these points when assisting with hair care:
• Allow residents to choose their own hairstyles.
• Do not comb residents’ hair in a childish style.
• Be gentle when handling hair.
• Do not cut residents’ hair.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Define the following terms:
dandruff
excessive shedding of dead skin cells from the scalp.
pediculosis
an infestation of lice.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Know the causes of dandruff:
• Climate, especially dry, cold areas
• Stress
• Excessive sweating
• A type of fungus
• Hormonal changes
• Some types of dermatitis
Combing or brushing hair
Equipment: comb, brush,
towel, mirror, hair care items
requested by resident
Use hair care products that
the resident prefers for his or
her type of hair.
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
Combing or brushing hair
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
If the resident is in bed,
adjust bed to safe
working level, usually
waist high. Lock bed
wheels.
6.
Raise head of bed so
resident is sitting up.
Place a towel under the
head or around the
shoulders.
Combing or brushing hair
7.
Remove any hair pins,
hair ties and clips.
8.
Remove tangles first by
dividing hair into small
sections. Gently comb
out from ends of hair to
roots. Be careful not to
break hair or cause any
discomfort.
9.
After tangles are
removed, brush two-inch
sections of hair at a
time. Brush from ends to
roots.
Combing or brushing hair
10. Neatly style hair as
resident prefers. Avoid
childish hairstyles. Each
resident may prefer
different styles and
different hair products.
Offer mirror to resident.
11. Make resident
comfortable.
12. Return bed to lowest
position. Remove privacy
measures.
Combing or brushing hair
13. Return supplies to
proper storage. Clean
hair from brush/comb.
Clean comb and brush.
14. Dispose of soiled linen in
the proper container.
15. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
16. Wash your hands.
17. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
18. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
12
Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Remember these points about lice, or pediculosis:
• Parts of the body that may have lice infestation include the
head, the pubic area, and other areas of the body, such as the
underarms.
• Symptoms of lice include intense itching, scratching, and
scratch marks or rashes on the scalp, neck, or body. Lice eggs
can be seen on the hair, behind the ears, and on the neck.
Lice droppings look like a fine black powder.
• Report symptoms immediately. Lice can spread very quickly.
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Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Remember these points when assisting with dressing and
undressing:
• Refer to a weaker side as “weaker,” “affected,” or “involved.”
Do not refer to it as “bad side” or “bad leg” or “bad arm.”
• When dressing residents, always begin with the weaker side
of the body. Remember the acronym “POW”: put on weak
• When undressing, begin with the stronger side of the body.
• Treat clothing carefully.
• Encourage independence with dressing and undressing.
• Do not rush residents when dressing.
• Make sure all clothing is marked with resident’s name.
• Allow residents to choose their own clothing.
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Personal Care
11. Explain how to assist with grooming
Assisting with dressing and undressing (cont’d.):
• Make sure clothing fits properly.
• Provide privacy when dressing and undressing. Keep residents
covered.
• Gently smooth socks and stockings to remove wrinkles and
twists.
• Front-fastening bras are easier for residents to work by
themselves.
• Put back-fastening bras on waist and fasten them in front first
before rotating around.
• Clothing with elastic waistbands are easier to get on and off.
• Use assistive devices when needed.
Dressing a resident
Equipment: clean clothes of
resident’s choice, non-skid
footwear
When putting on all items,
move resident’s body gently
and naturally. Avoid force and
over-extension of limbs and
joints.
1.
Identify yourself by
name. Identify the
resident. Greet the
resident by name.
2.
Wash your hands.
Dressing a resident
3.
Explain procedure to
resident. Speak clearly,
slowly, and directly.
Maintain face-to-face
contact whenever
possible.
4.
Provide for the resident’s
privacy with a curtain,
screen, or door.
5.
Ask resident what she
would like to wear. Dress
her in outfit of choice.
Dressing a resident
6.
Remove resident’s gown.
Do not completely expose
resident. Take clothes off
stronger, or unaffected,
side first when undressing.
Then remove from weaker
side.
7.
Gather up sleeve to ease
pulling over affected arm.
Insert your hand through
sleeve and grasp resident’s
hand to support arm while
dressing. Assist resident to
put the affected/weaker
arm through the sleeve of
the shirt, sweater, or slip
before placing garment on
the unaffected/stronger
arm.
Dressing a resident
8.
Help resident to put on
skirt, pants, or dress.
Put the affected/weak
leg through skirt or
pants first. Raise the
buttocks or turn resident
from side to side to draw
pants over the buttocks
up to waist.
9.
Place bed at the lowest
position. Lock bed
wheels.
Dressing a resident
10. Have resident sit down.
Pull up socks until they
are both smooth and
without wrinkles. Put on
non-skid footwear.
Fasten securely.
11. Finish with resident
dressed appropriately.
Make sure clothing is
right-side out and
zippers/buttons are
fastened. Make sure
skirt, pants, or dress is
not caught under
resident’s shoes.
Dressing a resident
12. Make resident
comfortable. Remove
privacy measures.
13. Place gown in soiled
linen container.
14. Leave call light within
resident’s reach.
15. Wash your hands.
16. Be courteous and
respectful at all times.
17. Report any changes in
the resident to the
nurse. Document
procedure using facility
guidelines.
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Personal Care
Exam
Multiple Choice. Choose the correct answer.
1. Hygiene is:
(A) Practices like fingernail, foot, and hair care
(B) Methods of keeping the body clean
(C) Activities of daily living, such as eating, drinking, and elimination
(D) A.M. care and P.M. care
2. One way to promote dignity and independence with personal care is to:
(A) Encourage residents to perform tasks independently even if it takes longer
(B) Choose which clothes and cosmetics the resident will wear
(C) Encourage residents to do their ADLs quickly
(D) Leave residents alone while bathing
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
3. Ms. Martin is an elderly resident with very dry skin. What kind of bath would
be appropriate for her?
(A) Partial bath
(B) Shower
(C) Tub bath
(D) Complete bed bath
4. Mr. Reynosa has a doctor’s order for epsom salt additives during bathing.
What kind of bath would be most appropriate for him?
(A) Partial bath
(B) Shower
(C) Tub bath
(D) Complete bed bath
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
5. Ms. Reid is unable to get out of bed due to recent surgery. She is very
concerned with cleanliness and wants to bathe every day. Which kind of bath is
most appropriate for her?
(A) Partial bath
(B) Shower
(C) Tub bath
(D) Complete bed bath
6. The decision on which bath to give a resident is made by:
(A) The physical therapist
(B) The nursing assistant
(C) The doctor and the resident
(D) The resident’s family
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
7. Observing residents’ skin during personal care and bathing is especially
important in the prevention of:
(A) Depression
(B) Abuse
(C) Pressure ulcers
(D) Diabetes
8. The highest priority when bathing residents is:
(A) Speed
(B) Safety
(C) Making sure every resident has a bath every day
(D) Observing for mobility
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
9. A nursing assistant can make bathing safer for residents by:
(A) Asking for help if she cannot safely handle the task alone
(B) Gathering all needed equipment after entering the bath/shower area
(C) Making sure the water temperature is not over 120°F
(D) Leaving residents alone while bathing or showering
10. A general rule for bathing a person is:
(A) Wash from dirtiest to cleanest
(B) Wash from cleanest to dirtiest
(C) Wash body parts in whatever order the resident prefers
(D) Wash body parts in whatever order the nursing assistant prefers
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
11. The part of the body that should be washed first is:
(A) Face
(B) Neck
(C) Eyes
(D) Hands
12. Which of the following should be washed every day?
(A) Hair
(B) Knees
(C) Chest
(D) Perineum
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
13. To shampoo the hair of a resident on a stretcher, the nursing assistant
should:
(A) Transfer the resident to a bed
(B) Transfer the resident to a chair near the sink
(C) Bring the stretcher to the sink and adjust height to be even with the sink
(D) Transfer the resident to the tub
14. If the nursing assistant notices redness around bony areas during a massage,
she should:
(A) Massage around these areas
(B) Massage these areas
(C) Discontinue the massage
(D) Apply extra lotion to these areas
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
15. How often must oral care be provided for residents?
(A) Once a day
(B) At least twice a day
(C) Only when the resident requests it
(D) Every other day
16. A resident who is edentulous:
(A) Lacks teeth
(B) Has bad-smelling breath
(C) Is wearing dentures
(D) Has tartar deposits on the teeth
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
17. Which of the following is true about oral care?
(A) Residents without teeth will not require any oral care.
(B) Residents who are unconscious and do not eat do not require any oral care.
(C) Oral care is not just care of the teeth, but also the mouth, tongue and gums.
(D) Residents who wear dentures do not require oral care.
18. Which of the following is the proper temperature for rinsing and storing
dentures?
(A) Cold
(B) Lukewarm
(C) Hot
(D) Boiling
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
19. The primary risk for unconscious residents is:
(A) Mouth dryness
(B) Aspiration
(C) Gingivitis
(D) Mouth sores
20. In which of the following procedures must a nursing assistant always wear
gloves?
(A) Shaving a resident
(B) Combing or brushing hair
(C) Dressing a resident
(D) Turning a resident
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
21. Ways to prevent aspiration during oral care of unconscious residents include:
(A) Pouring mouthwash slowly into the resident’s mouth
(B) Turning residents on their backs when giving oral care
(C) Avoid performing oral care on unconscious residents
(D) Using as little liquid as possible when giving oral care
22. A nursing assistant should give nail care:
(A) Whenever she has time
(B) When she is bathing a resident
(C) When she notices a resident’s nails are getting long
(D) When the resident’s nail polish wears off
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Personal Care
Exam (cont’d.)
23. Which of the following statements is true?
(A) Residents’ hair should be handled gently because hair can be pulled out when
combing or brushing it.
(B) Residents’ hair should be combed or brushed into childish hairstyles.
(C) Nursing assistants should cut residents’ hair if it is getting long.
(D) Pediculosis (lice) cannot spread quickly.
24. When assisting a resident who has one weak side with dressing:
(A) Clothing should be put on the weak side first
(B) Clothing should be put on the strong side first
(C) The weak side should be referred to as the “bad side”
(D) It does not matter which side clothing is put on first