Transcript Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on

Evaluate the influence of
immigration and rapid
industrialization on urban life.
Week 5 Day 1
Macro Concepts
Conflict-problem or issue that is
controversial and can cause
problems without compromise.
Change-the transformation of a
person, place or thing.
Innovation-improvement and
advancement in the way
something is done.
Reform-The method of fixing,
improving and correcting [change
for the better].
Micro Concepts
Industrialization-the process of people
producing things using mass production and
machinery.
Immigration-the process of mass entrance into
a new country to live permanently.
Urbanization-the process of living in high
population, high density cities.
Nativism-political movement led by native born
white citizens who were unfriendly to nonEnglish speaking immigrants.
Cultural pluralism-concept that multiple culture
co-exist [live peacefully near each other] in
the same country.
Melting pot-the blending and mixing of foreign
cultures in order into one common culture.
Culture shock-the feeling of surprise and awe
connected to living in a new and strange
place that is different from where you came
from.
Coming to America
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Millions of newcomers to the United states left
their countries of birth for better lives.
From the 1880s to the 1920s immigrants from
Western and Eastern Europe can in huge
numbers to the U.S. through the Ellis Island
immigrant transfer station in New York Harbor.
Peoples’ criminal records, health and countries
of origin were checked.
Immigrants who were too sick or had diseases
were sent back to their countries or
quarantined [isolated] until they were well
enough to join the rest of the population.
Immigrant Labor and Work
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Many of the new immigrants from Western and Eastern Europe
were from the peasant classes [uneducated, unskilled] and
encountered discrimination and a language barrier.
Immigrant children often assimilated quickly but spoke broken
English
Public school helped with adjustment
Laborers often did piece work for local businesses by
manufacturing textiles by hand doing sewing [most often women
and their children]. Each item or piece was paid a price.
Women also worked outside the home in sweatshops in unsafe
conditions for very longs hours for low wages
Urbanization and city life
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Populations Modernization
of major U.S. cities of
such
as New
York City, Chicago and
U.S.
Cities
Philadelphia doubled from about 40 million in 1870 to about 80
million by 1900. Big cities were often crowded [densely populated]
Streets would be filled with vendors and domestic animals [chickens,
horses, pigs] causing filthy and unsanitary conditions. High
crime was rampant
Urbanization of the United States concentrated large populations of
people into cities.
New immigrants such as Western Europeans [Italians and Jews]
were drawn by the lure of industrial type jobs in factories.
New Immigrants vs. Old Immigrants
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Old immigrants-From the 1600s to early 1800s most of the people
who arrived as immigrants to the United States were from English
speaking countries such as England, Scotland and Ireland. Many
Germans and French came to the U.S. as well. The dominant
religion was Protestantism.
New immigrants from the mid-1800s to early 1900s did not speak
English and had were mostly Catholic and Jewish.
The differences between the two groups caused resentment and
conflict.
The Old immigrants wanted to preserve their language and culture
and preached nativism [favoring and maintaining original America].
Jane Addams and Settlement Houses
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Center in New York that was created to help new immigrants,
especially women, transition to the New World.
Help new comers cope with big city life and learn English.
Provided cultural activities such as block parties, rent parties and
street festivals.
Jane Addams provided health care and job training for women. They
advocated against child labor and sweat shops
Living conditions of city dwellers
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Cramped living conditions and poor sanitation facilities were common.
Dumbbell tenements were designed to maximize space by using
vertical design [multiple floors] with long, narrow construction.
Communal bathrooms increased chance of disease transfer and lack of
privacy
Early tenements had poor ventilation [causing respiratory ailments]
and poor natural lighting due to lack of windows throughout [one
room had window]
Prior to introduction of fire escapes deaths due to fire traps were
common.
Transportation
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Electric trolleys were used to transport people through city streets on top
of metal tracks similar to those used by railroads.
Mass transit lines were expanded in major cities such as Chicago and
New York [powered by overhead electric power lines]
Electric trolleys were eventually replaced by underground subways at the
turn of the 20th century
Public transportation allowed easy and cheap transportation to work for
poor citizens.
Inventions and Innovations
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Elevators-created to
transport people vertical
within multi-story buildings in
major cities such as Chicago
and New York.
Telephones-patented by
Alexander Graham Bell gave
people ability to communicate
inexpensively over long
distances.
Typewriters-gave people
ability to write text in a faster
and more efficient manner.
Newspaper and magazine
writers as well as book
authors used these machines
to share the written word.
Spectator sports
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Bare-knuckled Irish-American brawlers such as John L. Sullivan and
Jim Corbett fought as prize fighters during the mid-late 1800s.
In 1892 the two pugilists [boxers] fought before more than 10,000
spectators in New Orleans.
Corbett defeated Sullivan handing the legendary Irish boxer in first
and only loss.
Championship boxing matches became enormously popular in the
early 1900s.
Spectator sports
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Team sports became wildly popular with the advent of “basket ball”
by Dr. James Naismith in 1891 at Springfield, Massachusetts and
baseball by Alexander Cartwright in 1845 at Hoboken, New Jersey.
The popularity of the two sports sprang from the expansion of leisure
time among young American men. The desire to be competitive,
physically fit but yet group oriented greatly enhanced the appeal of
these sports. The two “games” remain highly regarded.
Jacob Riis and How the Other Half Lives
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Jacob Riis was an immigrant from Denmark.
He was a photo-journalist [photographer who
told stories with photos] for New York City
newspapers.
He told thousands of photos showing how
immigrants lived in squalor [horrible poverty],
unsafe and unsanitary conditions.
In 1890 he published a collection of his photos
titled How the Other Half Lives showing how the
poorest of the urban poor lived.
Chinese Exclusion Act
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Because Chinese workers were willing to work for extremely low
wages [lower than other immigrants] lots of resentment was
directed towards them.
Violent attacks on Chinese by white immigrants and poor whites
took place in San Francisco and other cities
The U.S. Federal Government passed a law called the Chinese
Exclusion Act in 1882 that banned Chinese immigration.
Frederick Law Olmstead
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City life was stressful because of overcrowding, filth and crime.
Landscape architect Frederick Law Olmstead was hired to design public
parks in large cities such as New York, Detroit and Chicago.
The purpose of parks was to provide open spaces for recreation, exercise
and escape from the stress of city life.
New York City’s Central Park and Prospect Park were designed by Olmstead.
Amusement Parks
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Entrepreneurs [business owners] created parks with exciting attractions
such as rides and strange acts to attract people to pay money to visit.
The most famous early American amusement park was Coney Island in
Brooklyn, New York. City residents could escape from city life for a
while.
The park contained rides, restaurants, hotels, circus acts, freak shows
and a beach and boardwalk [wooden road overlooking the seashore].
Thomas Edison
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The most influential and
famous of all American
inventors.
He patented hundreds of
inventions so he could
receive payments.
His most famous inventions
were the light bulb,
phonograph and movie
recorder.
His inventions [especially
the light bulb] improved the
quality of life for Americans.
Image sources
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