Transcript IPEC-Hiroshima.2014.5.19

Contributions of Japan to Power Electronics
and Motor Drive Systems
Overview
•Brief History of IPEC
•Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan
•Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Kouki Matsuse
Professor Meiji University , Japan
Fellow, IEEJ & IEEE
IPEC-Hiroshima Invited Speech 2014. 5. 19
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1. Brief History of IPEC
A few significant events in global history
of power electronics and drives
1879 –2.2kW electric locomotive drew 3 coaches in Berlin industrial
exposition as the first electric rail
1881 –First electric vehicle with a rechargeable battery as power source
was introduced
1891 --Ward-Leonard speed control was introduced
1948 --Transistor was invented at Bell Labs
1953 – Prof. Kawamura was born in Yamaguchi, Japan!
1956-1957 --Power diode and thyristor(SCR) was introduced by GE
1961 --Impulse-commutated inverter was introduced
1964 --“Principles of Inverter Circuit” was published (almost all AC drive
main circuit topologies using thyristors were introduced)
1964 –First high-speed railway “Shinkansen” using DC drive with diode
rectifiers began operation in Japan
1964 –Electric vehicle “Electrovair1” using IM drive of thyristor inverter
with Silver-Zinc Battery was introduce by GM
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1. Brief History of IPEC
A few significant events in global history
of power electronics and drives
1969 --Dissertation on dynamic speed controlled drive was introduced
by Dr. Hasse
1971 --Flux detecting vector control was introduced by Siemens
1974 –PWM technique for single-phase converter in rail application was
introduced in Germany
1975 --Giant transistor GTR was commercialized in Japan
1978 --Power MOSFET was introduced
1980 --High-power GTOs were commercialized in Japan
1981 --3 level inverter was introduced
1987 --IGBT was commercialized in Japan
1996- First mass-produced and purpose-designed electric vehicle was
introduced by General Motors. (Prototype in 1990)
1997 –Hybrid electric vehicle “PRIUS” was commercialized by TOYOTA
2009 –Electric vehicle “i-MiEV” was commercialized by Mitsubishi Motors
2012 –Large-capacity SiC diode was introduced in rail application of Japan
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Japanese Attendees in Major P.E. Conferences
in the 1970s
1977*
Dr. E. Reimers was the general chair and host scientist of this conference.
Prof. R.G.Hoft proposed to hold the P.E. Intr. conference in Japan.
*An important milestone.
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1. Brief History of IPEC
A Commemorative International Event
The US-Japan Cooperative Science Seminar on
Analysis and Design in Power Electronics
Sessions
＊General analysis of power electronics,
＊Simulation of power electronics
＊Analysis and design of static converters
＊Analysis and design of motor drives, and
＊Workshop on microprocessor application in
power electronics
with 29 separate papers.
Nov. 25-29, 1981
International Conference Center, Kobe, Japan
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1. Brief History of IPEC
US Members of the Seminar
US participants
U. S. Observers
Richard G. Hoft
Laszlo Gyugyi
John G. Kassakian
William McMurray
Thomas A. Lipo
B. J. Min
Donald W. Novotny
Third Country Observers
Robert D. Middlebrook
Sashi B. Dewan
Thomas G. Wilson
Klemens Heumann
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Japanese Members of the Seminar
Japanese participants
Tung Hai Chin
Yasuhiko Dote
Hiromasa Haneda
Kosuke Harada
Fumio Harashima
Tagao Hirasa
Toru Maruhashi
Takuro Mochizuki
Yoshishige Murakami
Akira Nabae
Noriaki Sato
Yuzuru Tsunehiro
Japanese observers
Yoshihisa Hirane
Yoshitaka Ikeda
Kenzo Kamiyama
Yasuo Miki
Mutsuo Nakaoka
Eiichi Ohno
Yukio Takeda
Hiroshi Watanabe
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1. Brief History of IPEC
IPEC-Tokyo 1983
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
IPEC-Tokyo 1990
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Keynote Speech
1983: in Tokyo
S.Saba ,”Electric Challenges for Innovation in Industrial and Social Systems”
R.G.Hoft ,”Power Electronics: Historical Review Present Status and Future
Prospect”
1990: in Tokyo
E.Ohno,”The Semiconductor Evolution in Japan-A Four Decade Long
Maturity Thriving to an Indispensable Social Standing”
K.Heumann,”Power Electronics-State of the Art”
M.Nishihara ,”Power Electronics Diversity”
1995: in Yokohama
T.A.Lipo,”Converter Fed Motors; A New Family of Electrical Machines”
K.Imai, ”Power Electronics strives to be friendly to the Environment”
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Painted by
Prof. M.Matsui
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Keynote Speech
2000: in Tokyo
Y.Kaya ,”Response Strategies for Global Warming and the Role of Power Technologies
H.Stemmler,”State of the Art and Future Trends in High Power Electronics”
L.Gyugyi,”Converter-based FACTS Technology: Electric Power Transmission in
the 21st Century”
2005: in Niigata
T.Fukao,”Energy Environment and Power Electronics”
J.G.Kassakian,” Innovation, Technology and Power Electronics”
L.Lorenz ,”Power Semiconductors State of the Art and Future Development”
2010: in Sapporo
E.Masada ,”Railway Technologies in the Next Decade and Power Electronics”
G.Snitchler,”Progress on High Temperature Superconductor Propulsion Motors
and Direct Drive Generators”
P.K.Steimer,”Enabled by High Power Electronics- Energy Efficiency,
Renewables and Smart Grid”
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Foreigners
Sessions
Participants
Sessions
Japanese
Year
Sessions and participants of IPECs
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1. Brief History of IPEC
Road to the Worldwide Events
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- General purpose ac motor drives up to 75kW
IPEC
Niigata
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IPEC
Yokohama
No. of Units (Million)
3
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IPEC
Tokyo
IPEC
Sapporo
IPEC
Tokyo
IPEC
Tokyo
1
Estimated
0
1970
1980
JEMA Data
1990
Practical applications of technologies
2000
2010
growth of industry.
JEMA: The Japan Electrical Manufacturers' Association
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2 Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan
2014
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2. Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan
Some New Technologies from Japan
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Flux control based on slip frequency type vector
control (1978)
Neutral-Point-Clamped PWM inverter (1981)
PWM control applying instantaneous space voltage
vector (1983)
PWM control to make maximum sinusoidal line to
line voltage (1983)
Quick response torque and flux control of IM (1985)
Signal injection method for estimating two
parameters simultaneously(1993)
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2 Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan
Series 300 Power Converter
Width 2400mm
2200mm
100
Length 3250mm
S. 700
The weight of Series 300 is set to 100
3200mm
80
60
40
2180mm
S. N700A
3250mm
1630mm
20
S. N700
3250mm
0
1,120kg
Series 300
700
N700
1990
GTO
1997
IGBT
2007
N700A
Traction converter weight comparison
Transition of Traction Converters in Shinkansen by Dr. K.Sato, JR Central
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2. Power Electronics and Drive Technologies in Japan
Future Needs
1) Requirement for high efficiency, fewer resources, high packaging density,
and lower cost power electronics and drive systems.
2) Pursuit for high reliability of the whole drive system requires sensor-less
control of not only speed sensor but also other sensors as the intrinsic
solution.
3) Advancing SiC and GaN based power conversion technologies for high
efficiency and high temperature operation.
4) Major factors for riding comfort are loudness, vibration, EMI noise
and so on. These drive systems must control such factors within a
permissible range for comfort of passengers.
5) In transportation applications, smooth acceleration and deceleration,
sufficient starting torque, re-adhesion control against slips, and coasting
operations are necessary.
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Power Electronics for More
Electric Aircraft
Power Optimized Aircraft
K. Rajashekara,
Converging Technologies, SAE Power Systems, 2010,
http://www.terrafugia.com/
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Electricity
RAICHO-I Specifications
Battery capacity :26 [kWh]
Motor maximum speed :6,480 [min-1]
Motor rated power :45 [kW]
Motor maximum power :80 [kW]
Motor maximum torque :200 [Nm]
Boat
Length* Beam* Depth :10.00* 2.30* 1.20 [m]
Weight :1.3 [ton]
Speed :12 [knots]
Crew :12
Lithium-ion
battery
CHAdeMO
Rapid charging
system
100VAC
200VAC
Battery
control unit
Connector for
rapid charger
On-boad
charger
Main
controller
Junction
box
Inverter
Screw propeller
propulsion system
Plug-In Electric boat “RAICHO-I”
Motor
Cooling
System
Electrical system diagram
Referred by Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology
Plug-in Electric Boat by Dr. H. Hara, Yasukawa Elec.
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
INTERNATIONAL
ELECTROTECHNICAL
COMMISSION
Future standardization landscape
Facing future trends in TC 22 - a discussion
Technical Trends
*Increased appearance of power electronics
*More power electronics in the grid (less rotating mass)
*Increased importance of grid codes
*Functional Safety for power electronics
*Security of systems (to be discussed)
*Environmental aspects (e.g. Energy Efficiency and CO2)
*Merging of functions from different products in one
system
Lots of merged products
What product category is it?
Holger Laible
Chairman
IEC SC 22E
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Version: 2013-09-27
3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Example for future standards architecture
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Changes
Overhauled standardization landscape
*More requirements in group standards, less
requirements in product standards.
*Product standards use group standards as
reference document.
*Addition of further group standards based on
specific topics like:
•EMC / EMF Grid connection
Functional Safety ......
*Movement towards topic experts, rather
product specialists ?
Challenges
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Renewal of structures
Larger working groups
Achieving speed
Changing mindsets
Changed responsibility of
subcommittees
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
IEC TC22 NWIP of bi-directional
grid connected power converter
The Japanese National
Committee for IEC TC 22,
2013-09-27, 2014.1.30
Background
*The big theme is the reduction of power consumption and
diversification of power generation sources.
*The 2nd motivation is a measure against a big blackout that could
come just after a major disaster.
Object
*In order to optimize the power consumption of a home, it is
necessary to combine a generator with a storage unit to control
optimally.
*For stable growth of a market, extendibility, and compatibility,
energy conservation is important. Product certification based
on new standard will advance the development.
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3. Future Trends of Power Electronics and Drives
Typical example of bi-directional grid connected power converter
 Bi-directional GCPC is combined with multiple power sources for
unified home power supply which provides electricity power to
home appliances.
Meter
Bi-directional grid connected
power converter
Power source
(PV,---)
DC/DC
Power source,
battery(FEV,HEV,
EV,….)
DC/DC
DC/AC: Grid side inverter
DC/DC: Application side d.c.
converter Power source: generator
or storage
DC-port
interface
DC/AC
Public
mains
Distribution
board
Home
appliances
DC-connection
interface
Finally, I think the world needs more power electronics, and power
electronics is spreading to new applications to give a bright future.
Thank you very much for your kind attention.
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