Transcript Types of Navigation

NAVIGATION TRAINING
Section 1- Types of Navigation
Table of Contents
• Section 1
• Section 2
• Section 3
• Section 4
• Section 5
• Section 6
• Section 7
• Section 8
• Section 9
• Section 10
• Section 11
Types of Navigation
Terrestial Coordinates
Charts
Compass
Nautical Publications
Navigational Aids
Buoyage
Position Lines and Fixes
Tides
Currents
Weather
Types of Navigation
Types of Navigation
Navigation
The process of safely and efficiently directing the
movements of a vessel from one place to another.
Types of Navigation
1. Piloting (Coastal) Navigation
2. Dead Reckoning
3. Celestial Navigation
4. Radio Navigation
5. Electronic Navigation
Types of Navigation
1. Piloting (Coastal) Navigation
This is the process by which the ship’s position is found
usually at a set interval, by taking 3 compass bearings of
fixed, prominent and identifiable charted objects.
These bearings, when corrected for deviation and
variation are plotted on the chart, and the vessel’s position
at that time is found.
A sextant can be used on coastal navigation as well.
Types of Navigation
Piloting (Coastal) Navigation
Types of Navigation
2. Dead Reckoning
This type of navigation is used, working from a last known
position fix.
The vessel’s steady course and speed over a known period
of time is used to calculate the True Course and Distance
traveled over that period of time.
This True Course and Distance is plotted from the last
known position fix, and a Dead Reckoning Position
obtained.
Types of Navigation
Dead Reckoning
Types of Navigation
3. Celestial Navigation
This form of navigation is using a sextant to measure the
vertical angle of sun, moon, planets or stars above the horizon,
combined with exact GMT time taken from a chronometer.
A calculation based on a dead reckoning position, will yield the
distance towards or away the celestial object from that
position, and a single position line is found.
Types of Navigation
Celestial Navigation (Continued)
If a number of stars altitudes are taken at around the same
time, normally at twilight, a fix can be made.
Similarly if a planet and the sun are about 60 degrees or more
in azimuth, can be measured at about the same time an
reasonably accurate fix can be obtained.
Types of Navigation
Celestial Navigation (Continued)
Otherwise the most common method is to use a running fix
with two sights of the sun taken over about three hours, of
which one may be when the sun is due north or south.
Types of Navigation
Types of Navigation
4. Radio Navigation
Radio Navigation is generally defined as using a direction
finder to take radio bearings of known Marine Radio Beacons
ashore, and plotting those position lines on a chart. Generally
used when well off shore.
Types of Navigation
5. Electronic Navigation
This form of navigation is any navigation undertaken using
electronic navigational aids.
These include:
•LORAN C
•Radar
•Transit Satellite Navigator
•Global Positioning System
Types of Navigation
Electronic Navigation (Continued)
It is important that the navigator understands the limitations
and error that these systems are prone to.
Only then can a true appreciation of the fix accuracy be made,
and the accuracy of the position of the vessel be made.
Types of Navigation
The primary systems Royal Canadian Marine Search and
Rescue will be concerned with are:
1. Pilotage (Coastal) Navigation
2. Electronic Navigation