Fish Diversity VI

TELEOSTEI EUTELEOSTI NEOTELEOSTS ACANTHOMORPHA ACANTHOPTERYGII

Synapomorphy: -Maximal upper jaw mobility and protrusability (premaxillae ascending process) -Highly developed pharyngeal dentition

ACANTHOPTERYGII Superorder ACANTHOPTERYGII (higher spiny fishes)

-Most diverse and diverse fishes 13500 spp. 251 families

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Mugilimorpha (1 fam.) – Order Mugiliformes (mullets) – Nearshore catadromous species – Separated spiny and soft dorsal fins – Detritivorous and planktivorous • Family Mugilidae (Genus Liza, Mugil,...)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Series Atherinimorpha – All are surface feeders – Order Atheriniformes (8 fam.) • Family Atherinidae (silversides) – Order Beloniformes (5 fam.) • Family Belonidae (needlefishes) • Family Exocetidae (flyingfish) – Order Cyprinidontiformes (8 fam.) • Family Fundilidae (killifishes) • Family Poecilidae (guppies, mollies) • Family Cyprinodontidae (pupfishes)

ACANTHOPTERYGII

Synapomorphy: -Anterior pelvic girdle conected to pectoral girdle -Pelvic fin typically I,5

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Stephanobercyformes (9 fam.) – Deep water, photophores, reduced spines • Order Bercyformes (7 fam.) – Large eyes (deepwater or nocturnal), strong spines • Family Trachichthydae (orange roughies) • Family Holocentridae (squirrelfishes and soldierfishes)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Gasterosteiformes (11 fam.) – Small mouths and dermal plates • Family Gasterosteidae (sticklebacks) • Family Signathidae (pipefishes and seahorses) • Family Aulostomidae (trumpetfishes) • Order Scorpaeniformes (25 fam.) – Spines projecting from head bones – Benthic habitats • Family Scorpaenidae (Rockfishes and Scorpionfishes) • Family Cottidae (Sculpins)

ACANTHOPTERYGII

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.) – 9300 spp. (1/3 of all fishes) • Suborder Percoidei (71 fam.) – Spines in dorsal, pelvic and anal fins – Two dorsal fins – Ctenoid scales – Pelvic fins in thoracic position, laterally positioned pectoral fins...

– Representative families: • Serranidae (groupers) • Lutjanidae (snappers) Carangidae (jacks) • Centrarchidae (sunfishes & black-basses) Spariidae (porgies) • Scianenidae (drums) • Chaetodontidae (butterflyfishes) • Pomacanthidae (angelfishes) Mullidae (goatfishes)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.) • Suborder Elassomatoidei (1 fam.) • Family Elassomateidae (pigmy sunfishes) • Suborder Labroidei (6 fam.) (2200 spp.) – Advanced faryngeal jaws • Family Labridae (Wrasses) • Family Scaridae (parrotfishes) • Family Pomacentridae (damselfishes) • Family Cichlidae (cichlids)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.) • Suborder Zoarcoidei (9 fam.) • Family Zoarcidae (eel pouts) • Family Anarchichadidae (wolfishes) • Suborder Gobiodei (8 fam.) – Modified pelvic fins (disc or suction cup) • Family Gobiidae (Gobies) (1875 spp.) • Suborder Acanthuroidei (6 fam.) • Family Acanthuridae (surgeonfishes and unicornfishes) • Family Zanclidae (moorish idol)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Perciformes (148 fam.) • Suborder Scombroidei • Family Sphyraenidae (barracudas) • Family Scombridae (Mackerels ans tunas) • Family Xiphiidae (swordfish) • Family Istiophoridae (marlins and spearfishes)

And many more......

ACANTHOPTERYGII

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Pleuronectiformes (11 fam.) – Eyes on same side of the head – Compressed bodies – Benthic habitats • Family Pleuronectidae (righteye flounders) • Family Bothidae (lefteye flounders) • Familt Soleidae (soles)

Superorder Acanthopterygii

• Order Tetraodontiformes (9 fam.) – Craneal bone fusions – Thick leathery skin, highly modified scales • Family Balistidae (triggerfishes) • Family Monacanthidae (filefishes) • Family Ostraciidae (boxfishes) • Family Tetraodontidae (puffers) • Family Diodontidae (porcupinefishes) • Family Molidae (molas)