Transcript lesson-3-demographic-transition-model

Demographic Transition Model
What is the Demographic
Transition Model (DTM)?
• The demographic transition model explains the
transformation of countries from having high birth
and death rates to low birth and death rates.
• In developed countries this transition began in the
18th century and continues today.
• Less developed countries began the transition later
and many are still in earlier stages of the model.
Task One
10 minutes
• Make a copy of the DTM in your books, across a double page.
• Make sure you add appropriate labels/detail.
Stage One
Birth Rate and Death rate are both high. Population growth is slow and fluctuating.
Birth Rate is high because
of:
• Lack of family planning
• High Infant Mortality Rate: putting
babies in the 'bank'
• Need for workers in agriculture
• Religious beliefs
• Children as economic assets
Typical of Britain in the 18th
century and the Least
Economically Developed
Countries (LEDC's) today.
Death Rate is high
because of:
• High levels of disease
• Famine
• Lack of clean water and
sanitation
• Lack of health care
• War
• Competition for food from
predators such as rats
• Lack of education
Stage Two
Birth Rate remains high. Death Rate is falling. Population begins to rise steadily.
Death Rate is falling as a result of:
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Improved health care (e.g. Smallpox Vaccine)
Improved Hygiene (Water for drinking boiled)
Improved sanitation
Improved food production and storage
Improved transport for food
Decreased Infant Mortality Rates
Typical of Britain in 19th century;
Bangladesh; Nigeria
Stage Three
Birth Rate starts to fall. Death Rate continues to fall. Population rising.
Reasons behind birth and death rate falling:
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Family planning available
Lower Infant Mortality Rate
Increased mechanization reduces need for workers
Increased standard of living
Changing status of women
Typical of Britain in late 19th and early 20th century;
China; Brazil
Stage Four
• Birth Rate is low.
• Death Rate is low.
• Population steady.
Typical of USA; Sweden;
Japan; Britain
Stage Five
Reasons for changes in birth rate:
• Family planning
• Better health
• Later marriages
• Improved status of women
Reasons for changes
in death rate:
• Good health care
• Reliable food supply
• People are generally
living longer
Typical of Germany
• Birth Rate slight
fall.
• Death Rate stable.
• Natural increase:
gentle decrease
What are the limitations?
What limitations do you think there could be with
the model?
• It does not include the influences of migration
• It assumes that all countries will go through the same pattern
• There is no time scale
• Reasons for birth rates and death rates are very different in
different countries
Activity
• Using the textbook (page 234/5 ) add notes to
each stage of the Demographic Transition
Model.
• Make sure you understand why the birth and
death rate line is where it is at .
(E.g. why has the death rate fallen in stage 2,
but the birth rate still remain high?)
To finish…
http://www.gatm.org.uk/geographyatthemovies/population.html
‘DTM’
You are about to watch a clip on the DTM.
It will summarise what we have learnt today.
Towards the end is a quick quiz.
Write the answers in your book.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet.
• Most questions can be completed on the
worksheet – others need to be written
on lined paper.