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Controller Systems
Tufts EMID - Spring 2015
Typical Controller System Sensors Acquisition System (Arduino) Mapping Software (Max) Output (Reason)
Useful Resources Fraden,
A Handbook of Modern Sensors
sensorwiki.org
Datasheets for components
Parts Sources mouser.com
digikey.com
sparkfun.com
What can we sense?
ON/OFF, momentary or toggle Position, velocity, acceration, rotation Temperature, light, sound Pressure, touch, torque, bending, strain
Types of Sensors Discrete - only can give a value of 0 (off) or 1 (on) Continuous - Resistors or current generators. Some can be connected directly to the Arduino. Others need buffering, amplification, and/or filtering to provide usable data
Switches Discrete output Toggle - on or off Momentary - on or off when pressed Rotary: multiple-position Can provide visual and tactile feedback
+V ref GND Potentiometers V out Common types: Linear taper Audio taper (logarithmic) Rotary, linear, multiturn
Soft Potentiometers Linear Circular
Other Variable Resistors Photoresistors Bend Sensors Force-Sensing Resistors
Photoresistors/Photocells Sense the absence or presence of light Change resistance when amount of light changes
Bend Sensors Resistance decreases when bent
Force-Sensitive Resistors Resistance drops when pressed Shorthand name: FSR
Variable Resistors +V ref R1 (variable) V out V out = V ref R2/(R1+R2) R2 If sensor range = 10k to 35kΩ, and R2 = 20kΩ then V out range = .66*V ref to .36*V ref
Accelerometers Measure inclination (direction), acceleration in 1, 2, or 3 axes
Infrared Ultrasonic Distance Sensors
Piezoelectric Materials Sensitive to vibration Excellent drum triggers, contact microphones
Capacitive Sensors Detects changes in capacitance, often by measuring your body capacitance Can detect proximity, distance, location, acceleration Think: Trackpads, Cell/Tablet Screens, Theremin
Other Sensors EMG (Muscle Sensor) Joysticks (X and Y axis variable resistors) Gesture Recognizers Rotary Encoders
Connecting Sensors Using Arduino boards Read in digital and analog signals Connect via USB and can talk to MAX
Breadboards Simple way to create circuits without soldering
Reading in Data in MAX Using Arduino2MAX
Putting It All Together Arduino2MAX