Transcript Unit06Technology-01 - Wind

Hubs
Struts & Stays
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hubs
Teetered-Delta 3-Butterfield
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
ESI 80, Palm Springs, CA
Hubs
Teetered-Pitch Linked
Windflow 500
Gebbies Pass, NZ
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hubs
Flapping
Each Blade Operates Independently
WTC, Fairmont Reservoir, CA
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Hubs
Cantilevered
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Hubs
Fixed (But Adjustable) Pitch
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hubs
Variable Pitch
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Hub (Blade) Extenders
© Nordex
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hub (Blade) Bolts
© Nordex
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Drive Trains
Traditional Danish
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Front Bearing
Main Shaft
Gearbox
Generator
© Bonus
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Drive Trains
Traditional Danish
Drive Trains
Main Shaft-Traditional
Traditional-Gearbox &
Asynchronous Generators
Drive Trains
Gearbox/Planetary-Parallel
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
©NZWEA
Drive Trains
Integrated (Small)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Drive Trains
Integrated (Small-Medium)
Drive Trains
Integrated (Large)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Drive Trains
Dual-Output Gearboxes
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New Drive Trains
GE 2-3 MW
New Drive Trains
Fuhrländer 2 MW
Drive Trains
Multiple-Output Gearboxes
© Clipper Wind
Drive Trains
Planetary/Slow Speed Generator
© Pfleiderer
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Direct-Drive Wind Turbines
• Enercon (D)
• Lagerwey (NL?)
• Jeumont-Industrie (F)
J48 © Jeuemont-Industrie
© Enercon
Drive Trains
Direct-Drive (Large)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Lagerwey
Drive Trains
Direct-Drive Permanent Magnet
© Vensys
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Vensys
Generators
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DC Generators
Alternators
Induction (Asynchronous) Generators
Wound-Rotor or Doubly-Fed Induction
Generators
• Direct-Drive Ring Generators
• PMG
Small
Large
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Generators
Dual-Induction
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Dual Speeds
Simple
Rugged
Cheap
Generator Pole Switching
(RPM)
50 Hz
60 Hz
4-pole
1500
1800
6-pole
1000
1200
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Generators
Wound-Rotor (Doubly-Fed)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Generators
Direct-Drive (Large)
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Enercon
Generators
Discoidal Direct-Drive
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Jeumont-Industrie
Generators
Direct-Drive PMG (Large)
© Vensys
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Generators-Variable Speed
• Better Performance
Mostly Hype
• Lower Loads
Major Plus in LargeTurbines
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Ability to Correct Power Factor
More Expensive
More Complex
And, Don’t Forget the “Patent”
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Generators-Variable Speed
• “Opti” Slip (10%)
• Doubly Fed Generators
Widely Used in Germany
Inverter Handles Only a Portion of Power
• Full Variable Speed
Inverter Handles Full Power
Full Benefits of Variable Speed
Enercon, Lagerwey, & PMGs
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers
• Guyed
Small Turbines
Large Turbines
• Freestanding (Cantilevered)
Lattice
Small Turbines
Large Turbines
Tubular
Concrete
• Hinged
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Guyed
Small Turbines
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Towers-Guyed Lattice
Small & Medium Wind Turbines
© Vergnet
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Guyed
Large Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Freestanding
Small Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Lattice
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
© Nordex
Towers-Lattice
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Tubular
Small Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Tubular
Medium & Large
Wind Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Concrete
© Risø
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Hinged
Small Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hydraulic
Tower
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Hydraulic
Tower
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Hinged
Medium Turbines
Paul Gipe & Assoc.
Towers-Novel
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Octahedron
Farm Silos
Roof Tops
Trees
Yes, Really
Paul Gipe & Assoc.