Transcript Inequalities In Service Provison

WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Inequalities in
service provision
Hodder Education Revision Lessons
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Inequalities in service provision
Urban areas offer a range of different services, such as:
• leisure centres and parks
• museums, art galleries and theatres
• hospitals and clinics
• schools, colleges and universities
• places of worship, e.g. churches, mosques, synagogues
• public transport
Rural areas will only have a small range of important services.
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Access to services
Not everyone living in a city has equal access to services.
• People living on the edge of the city might have to travel a
long way to access services.
• People who work might find it difficult to access services
that are only open 9–5.
• People on a low income might find it difficult to afford to
access services like leisure centres and theatres.
• Some buildings are not accessible to those with physical
disabilities.
Task: Make a list of different services in your area and decide
who might find it difficult to access these services.
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Access to services in rural areas
The British Beer and Pub
Association (BBPA) and the
Rural Shops Alliance (RSA)
have joined forces to try to
highlight the problem of
closing rural services.
In addition to shops and
pubs, rural parts of the UK
are also losing public
transport, village schools
and post offices.
Jeff Morgan 06/Alamy
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Why are so many rural services closing?
• The population is getting older.
• Young people are having to move away because they can’t
afford to live in rural areas any more.
• More people are buying second homes or holiday homes
and are only in the rural area for weekends or holidays.
• Some people commute out of the rural area to work in
urban areas and use the services there.
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
How will a decline in rural services
affect quality of life?
Answer the following questions:
(1) How will the closure of shops and pubs affect other
businesses and services in the village?
(2) How will the closure of public transport affect the elderly?
(3) How will the closure of village schools affect families?
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
How will a decline in rural services
affect quality of life?
(1) How will the closure of shops and pubs affect other businesses
and services in the village?
They might close because fewer people are shopping in the village.
They might gain more customers if shoppers have less choice.
(2) How will the closure of public transport affect the elderly?
They will find it difficult to access services outside of the area such as
hospitals, so they might have to pay for taxis or even move out of
the area.
(3) How will the closure of village schools affect families?
It will be stressful as there will be a longer journey to the nearest
school. It will also be more expensive for petrol and difficult for
families who don’t own a car.
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
How can rural services be protected?
• Village shops, pubs and garages are offered a 50% discount in
rates if they can prove that they provide a community benefit.
• Rural healthcare gets money for mobile units to get to people living
in isolated areas.
• Parish councils get money to set up car clubs, bus and taxi
services.
• Schools can provide breakfast clubs, after-school clubs and adult
education classes. These are also open in school holidays to help
parents at work.
• Ask for volunteers to work in the local shop for an hour or two a
week to keep the service open. Charities can help fund a manager
for the shop.
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Exam practice
1 Explain how rural services closing can affect the quality of life for different
groups of people.
2 Complete the EBI column to show how the answer could be improved
following the examiner comments.
Sample answer
Examiner comments
Shops and services are
closing
‘Services’ is too vague — give an
example. No groups of people are
mentioned. No impact on quality of life
Village schools are
closing and this means
children have to go
somewhere else and this
can affect their
education
The candidate has named a service —
good! ‘Affect’ is too vague
Rural services like pubs
close, so no one
socialises
The candidate has named a service —
good! They have not given a group of
people. No impact on quality of life
Even better if (EBI)
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Exam practice continued
Sample answer
Examiner comments
Even better if (EBI)
Shops and services are
closing
‘Services’ is too vague – give an
example. No groups of people
are mentioned. No impact on
quality of life
Services like public transport
are lost. so the elderly will find
it difficult to access shops and
healthcare outside the village
Village schools are
closing and this means
children have to go
somewhere else and this
can affect their
education
The candidate has named a
service – good! ‘Affect’ is too
vague
If the village school closes,
children will have to travel
further to the nearest school
and this means expensive
travel costs and families might
be more stressed because it
takes longer to get there
Rural services like pubs
close, so no one
socialises
The candidate has named a
service – good! They have not
given a group of people. No
impact on quality of life
If pubs close, the local
residents won’t socialise and
this will mean that the
community spirit is worse and
people are less happy living in
the village
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Exam practice
1
Explain how rural communities could try to protect their services from
closure and decline.
2
Complete the EBI column to show how the answer could be improved
following the examiner comments.
Sample answer
Examiner comments
Stop rural shops closing,
so people can’t get
essentials like milk
How can they stop shops
closing?
Get volunteers in to run
the shops
There is no explanation — why
is this a good idea?
Have mobile clinics and
get a minibus to get to
services
Two good ideas, but no
explanation.
‘Services’ is too vague
Even better if (EBI)
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WJEC (B) GCSE Geography
Theme 1 Topic 3
Exam practice continued
Sample answer
Examiner comments
Even better if (EBI)
Stop rural shops closing,
so people can’t get
essentials like milk
How can they stop shops
closing?
Merge services like pubs, post
offices and shops so that the
village has one successful
business and is less likely to
close
Get volunteers in to run
the shops
There is no explanation —
why is this a good idea?
If volunteers run the shops, it
means they don’t have to try
and make a large profit to stay
open
Have mobile clinics and
get a minibus to get to
services
Two good ideas, but no
explanation.
‘Services’ is too vague
Mobile clinics can have a larger
catchment area than a normal
clinic, so they are more likely to
stay open. If shops offer other
important services, e.g. internet
cafes, they can get a tax break
so it helps it stay open