Year 10 Revision

Modelling Colour and Decoration

Modelling

Modelling is an important part of the design development of your project because it allows you to test and evaluate your design ideas.

Modelling can include;

Making test pieces/fabric samples Scaled down versions of the end product Prototypes of actual product Small test pieces of fabric are best when you are experimenting and practising techniques. This can be done to help deciding colour combinations, surface decoration and manipulation of fabrics.

Printing

STENCILLING Card is used with a design cut out of it. Colour is applied with sponges or brushes.

BLOCK PRINTING Use a wooden block with a design relief, which stands out off it.

SCREEN PRINTING OR SILK SCREEN PRINTING  Uses a stencil under a nylon screen.

 Dye is pushed through using a squeegee.

 Use a different screen and stencil for each colour. ENGRAVED ROLLER PRINTING  Uses several metal rollers with a design engraved on them.

 The dye is pushed through a fine mesh on each roller.

 Uses a separate roller for each colour used.

Printing

Printing is used to add colour and pattern to fabrics.

HEAT TRANSFER PRINTING Uses a design printed onto sublimation paper.

Transfers the design to fabric using heat.

COMPUTER TRANSFER PRINTING Uses an image created on a computer then printed onto transfer paper Transfers the design by applying heat from an iron to the back of the paper.

DIGITAL PRINTING The whole design and printing process is carried out by computer. Can create complex patterns quickly.

Dyeing

These two techniques can be used in the classroom or industry.

PIGMENT DYEING

Uses a binding agent and pigment that are mixed and applied to fabric. It is used in screen printing.

It is a common method of applying colour to fabrics. The resulting colours depend on: •The type of fibre.

•The type of product being dyed.

•When the dye is applied.

NATURAL / VEGETABLE DYEING

Uses colourings extracted from natural products. Salt is used as a mordant (fixative). This is needed to ‘stick’ the dye to the fabric.

Surface Decoration

Adding surface decoration can enhance appearance, add texture and create interest.

Applique –

fabric shapes are sewn onto a background fabric with either straight or zigzag stitch. Interfacing is commonly used to back the fabric for strength.

Embellishment – small components added to product. Using small mirrors for decoration is called ‘Shisha’ work.

3D Paints

– leave a raised effect on design.

Surface Decoration

Embroidery

Can be done by machine or hand. Also, can use a large selection of threads a needles. Designs can be drawn onto fabric with a fabric marker. When finished the fabric is washed.

Patchwork –

small samples are sewn together. Can be used to combine textures and create different patterns.

CAD Embriodery

An embroidery machine is used. Involves creating a design on the machine or by using a ICT connected to machine.

Shibori-

a japanese technique of using steam to manipulate fabric.

Fabrics

Designers must choose fabrics that have properties suitable for the functions of the end product. Modelling allows you to practise working with these fabrics and experiment with different options and combinations.

Combining Techniques

Combining methods of applying colour with surface decoration or manipulation can produce interesting effects. Produce small test pieces to see if your ideas work before applying them to larger pieces of work.

Spreadsheets

Excel enables data to be organised into a grid. You can then carry out calculations. These spreadsheets are used for costing/comparing products and analysing fabrics or products.

Take photos of;

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Things that inspire you

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Similar products to annotate for research

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People using your product to help with designing

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The different stages of the development

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Your end product for evaluation and analysis purposes YOU CAN USE A SCANNER TO SCAN IN IMAGES AND FABRICS SO THAT YOU CAN MANIPULATE THEM USING A CAD OR GRAPHICS PROGRAMME.

Cameras and Scanners Modelling using ICT

You can use ICT to evaluate and analyse your designs before you start actually modelling. This saves time, money and is more accurate. Software can be used to draft patterns, create repeating patterns. Also , can change the scale. .

Toiles

A toile is a prototype garment. It’s usually made from a cheap fabric like calico. Several toiles are often made before the actual garment is constructed.

Toiles are useful as; Show how product will look once finished.

Helps to show problem areas Producing small scale models (for example 50%) can be useful as this is cheaper. Also you can practise the skills needed to before production begins.

make the product.

Allows you to estimate costs.

Helps you to evaluate if the number of pattern pieces can be reduced to make manufacture less expensive.

In industry toiles are used for all textile products and are an essential part of the design process. Once the toile is made and the designer is happy with it, a sample garment can be made. The process of making a toile allows the designer to identify the most efficient methods and procedures for manufacture.

Construction Techniques Machine Stitching

Machine stitching is used for permanent joining and finishing. Many sewing machines come with a set of basic stitches. These are:

STRAIGHT STITCH- a basic straight stitch.

SINGLE STEP ZIG ZAG- a basic neatening seam.

DOUBLE ZIG ZAG- for either finishing a seam or stitching jersey (knitted) fabrics together.

CHAINSTITCH- for stitching jersey (knitted) fabrics.

OVERLOCK- a combination of several stitches used for neatening the edge of a seam or garment.

Overlock with safety stitch- combines an overlock with a chain or straight stitch so that seams can be stitched and finished at the same time.

Seam Finishes

Seam finishes are used to;

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Give a neat finish

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Prevent fraying

Construction Techniques Types of Seams