Transcript drug - Anderson County Schools

Understanding drugs &
medicines
Chapter 9.1 Key Terms
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Drug- any substance that causes a change in a person’s
physical or psychological state
Medicine- any drug used to cure, prevent, or treat
illness or discomfort
Side effect- an effect that is caused by a drug & that is
different from the drug’s intended effect
Prescription- written order from a doctor for a
specific medicine
Over the counter medicine- any medicine that
can be bought without a prescription
3 qualities of a medicine
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Effectiveness
Safety- when used as directed
Minor side effects
Drugs of Abuse
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Drugs that people take
for mind-altering effects
that have no medical
purpose
Ex. – Cocaine, alcohol,
marijuana
Types of medicines
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Antibiotic- kills bacteria to help cure infections
Stimulant- increases alertness; helps people
with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) to focus their attention
Anti-anxiety- helps people who are excessively
nervous or panicked to calm down
Vaccine- Prevents infections in people exposed
to the infectious agent
Sedative- causes sleepiness
6 ways drugs enter the body
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Implanted pumps- surgically implanted pumps
that inject drugs into specific part of the body
Inhalation- inhaled into the lungs
Injection- needle
Transdermal patches- patches placed on skin
Ingestion- swallowed
Topical application- lotions absorbed through
the skin
Chapter 9.2 Key Terms
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Psychoactive- a drug or medicine that affects the brain
& changes how a person perceives, thinks, or feels
Generic medicine- medicine made by a company
other that the company that developed the original
medicine
Active ingredient- chemical component that gives a
medicine its action
Drug interaction- when a drug reacts with another
drug, food, or dietary supplement such that the effect
of one of the substances is greater or smaller
Testing a drug
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Laboratory tests- chemical tests or tests on cell
cultures
Tests on animals
Human volunteers
Clinical trials
(FDA) Food & Drug Administrationapproval or rejection
Information on a prescription
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Dose (how much of the
medicine should be
taken)
When you should take
the medicine
How often you should
take the medicine
Length of time you
should take the
medicine
Misuse v/s Abuse of Prescription
Medicines
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Misuse- using a
prescription medication
that does not have your
name on it
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May not have the same
illness
Strength of medicine may
be more or less than you
need
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Abuse- taking medicine
when it is not needed,
taking too much
medicine, or mixing
more than one kind of
medicine
Choosing an Over the counter (OTC)
medicine
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Decide what kind of OTC will work for you
Decide whether you want generic or a brandname medicine
Read the label
Possible problems with medicines
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Allergic reactions
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Side effects
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Anaphylactic shock
Aspirin, ibuprofendamage to the lining of
the stomach (ulcers)
Drug Interactions
Anaphylactic Shock symptoms
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Itching all over the body
Swelling, especially in the
mouth or throat
Wheezing or difficulty in
breathing
A pounding heart
Fainting &
unconsciousness
Chapter 9.3 Key Terms
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Addiction- condition in which a person can no longer control
his or her drug use
Drug Tolerance- condition in which a user needs more of a
drug to feel the same effect felt when first using the drug
Physical Dependence- state in which the body relies on a given
drug in order to function
Psychological Dependence- state of emotionally or mentally
needing a drug in order to function
Withdrawal- uncomfortable physical & psychological symptoms
produced when a physically dependent drug user stops using
drugs
Drugs & the brain
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Neurons- brain is made
up of billions of nerve
cells
Synapses- connections
between neurons
Drugs can change the
way neurons
communicate with each
other
Brain Reward System
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Reinforces healthy
behaviors
Releases the
neurotransmitter
dopamine that lets us
feel pleasure
Behavioral warning signs of
addiction
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Loss of interest at school
Change of appearance
Change of friends
Unexplained mood swings
Absences from school
Dramatic change in eating habits
Excessive lying
Unexplained need for money
Stages of Drug Addiction
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Drug use- drug use activates the brain reward
system (pleasure system)
Tolerance- needs more of the drug to produce
the same effect
Dependence- experiences uncomfortable
withdrawal symptoms if he or she tries to stop
using the drug
Addiction- lost control of his or her drug
taking habit
Illegal drugs
Chapter 12.1 Key Terms
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Drug Abuse- intentional improper or unsafe
use of a drug
Overdose- the taking of too much of a drug
which causes sickness, loss of consciousness,
permanent damage, or even death
Reasons illegal drug use is very
dangerous
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Permanent effects on the brain & body
Become addicted
Factor in many suicides, motor vehicle accidents,
& crimes
Sharing needles- risk of catching Hepatitis B &
HIV
Overdose
Risky sexual behavior (STDs)
Teen addiction
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Teens have a higher risk
of addiction to drugs
than adults do
Risk of addiction is
higher because young
brains are still
developing- can alter
brain development
Teen Substance Abuse
Chapter 12.2 Key Terms
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Marijuana- dried flowers and leaves of the plant
Cannabis sativa that are smoked or mixed in food &
eaten for intoxicating effects
Inhalant- drug inhaled as a vapor
Club (Designer) drug- drug made to closely resemble
a common illegal drug in chemical structure & effect
Anabolic Steroid- synthetic version of the male
hormone testosterone that is used to promote muscle
development
3 things illegal drugs have in
common
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Affect the function of the brain
Dangerous to your health
Can result in drug dependence & addiction
4 commonly abused illegal drugs
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Marijuana
Inhalants
Club drugs
Anabolic steroids
Marijuana
Intoxicating effects
 Relaxation
 Loss of short-term
memory
 Loss of balance &
coordination
 Increased appetite
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Possible health
consequences
 Respiratory infection
 Impaired learning &
memory
 Panic attacks
 Cancer
Marijuana
• Marijuana is the most
commonly used
illegal drug
•THC- active chemical in marijuana
•Contains many of the same carcinogens
found in cigarette smoke
•After effects wear off users feel:
-Tired, unmotivated, depressed
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Inhalants
Effects
 Dizziness
 Nausea & vomiting
 Headache
Health consequences
 Heart attack
 Liver, kidney damage
 Brain damage
 Coma
 Death
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Glue, paint thinner, propane,
nitrous oxide
Club (Designer) drugs
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Ecstacy
GHB
PCP (Angel Dust)
Ecstacy
Most commonly abused club drug
Intoxication Effects
 Increased awareness of senses
 Mild hallucinations
 Increased energy
 Loss of judgment
Health Consequences
 Impaired learning & memory
 Hyperthermia (overheating)
 High blood pressure
 Heart attack
 Death
Look alike drugs
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Abused substances that
are only slightly different
from other, betterknown drugs
Date Rape Drugs
GHB, Rohypnol
Intoxication effects
 Relaxation
 Nausea
 Loss of inhibitions
 Euphoria
Health consequences
 Dangerously slowed breathing
 Seizures
 Coma
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Anabolic Steroids
Male side effects
 Stunted Growth
 Aggression
 Severe acne
 Shrinking of testes
 Heart disease
Female side effects
 Increased facial hair
 Deeper voice
 Rapid weight gain
12.3 Key Terms
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Stimulant- drug that temporarily increases a person’s
energy & alertness
Depressant- drug that causes relaxation & sleepiness
Opiates- group of highly addictive drugs derived from
the poppy plant that are used as pain relievers,
anesthetics, & sedatives
Hallucinogens- drug that distorts perceptions, causing
the user to see or hear things that are not real
Stimulants
Types
Cocaine, crack cocaine,
amphetamines, and
methamphetamines
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Stimulants
Intoxication effects
Produce increased heart rate/
breathing rate/ energy/
alertness, elevated blood
pressure, loss of appetite, and
increased mental activity,
euphoria, hyperactivity,
restlessness, anxiety
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Depressants
Used illegally
to produce
intoxication, to
counter the effects
of other drugs,...
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Depressants
1) Rohypnol, 2) DXM
1) Date rape drug 2) Ingredient in
cough medicines
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Depressants
Intoxicating effects
 Euphoria
 Reduced anxiety
 Loss of inhibitions
 Drowsiness
Opiates
Narcotics
Street use of
these drugs is
intended to
induce
pleasure…
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Types of Opiates
Narcotics types
Opium, heroin,
morphine,
codeine
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Opiates Intoxicating effects
Narcotics
…euphoria, relaxation,
drowsiness, pain relief,
general feelings of wellbeing
Hallucinogens
Street use is intended to produce
“mind expansion,”
hallucinations, and psychedelic
experiences
Hallucinogens
• LSD
•Mushrooms
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Hallucinogens
Intoxication Effects
 Sensory illusions
 Distortions of reality
 Dizziness
 Weakness
 Enhanced emotions
 Feelings of being
outside of the body
Flashback
 Person
may feel the effects of a
hallucinogen long after the drug has
worn off
 Days, weeks, or even months after use
Gateway drugs
•Drugs that often lead to
abuse of other drugs
•Common gateway drugs:
- Alcohol, tobacco,
marijuana, inhalants
Chapter 12.4 Key Terms
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Neonatal abstinence syndrome- drug withdrawal
that occurs in newborn infants whose mothers
were frequent drug users during pregnancy
Recovering- process of learning to live without
drugs
Intervention- confronting a drug user about his
or her drug abuse problem to stop him or her
from using drugs
Relapse- return to using drugs while trying to
recover from drug addiction