Transcript Document

Urinary System Structures
Figure 15.1a Organs of the urinary system. (a) Anterior view of urinary organs of a female (most unrelated
abdominal organs have been removed).
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part of female
reproductive system)
(a)
Figure 15.1a Organs of the urinary system. (a) Anterior view of urinary organs of a female (most unrelated
abdominal organs have been removed).
Hepatic veins (cut)
Inferior vena cava
Adrenal gland
Renal artery
Renal hilum
Renal vein
Aorta
Kidney
Ureter
Iliac crest
Rectum (cut)
Uterus (part of female
reproductive system)
Urinary bladder
Urethra
(a)
Figure 15.2b Internal anatomy of the kidney. (b) Diagrammatic view of a coronally sectioned kidney, illustrating
major blood vessels.
(b)
Figure 15.2b Internal anatomy of the kidney. (b) Diagrammatic view of a coronally sectioned kidney, illustrating
major blood vessels.
Renal column
Cortical radiate vein
Cortical radiate artery
Arcuate vein
Arcuate artery
Interlobar vein
Interlobar artery
Segmental arteries
Renal cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Renal pelvis
Major calyx
Ureter
Minor calyx
Renal
pyramid
Fibrous capsule
(b)
Figure 15.3 Structure of the nephron.
(a)
Figure 15.3a Structure of the nephron.
Cortical
nephron
Cortex
Medulla
Fibrous capsule
Collecting
duct
Renal
cortex
Proximal
convoluted tubule
Glomerulus
Distal
convoluted tubule
Loop
of Henle
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Renal
medulla
(a)
Juxtamedullary
nephron
Figure 15.3b Structure of the nephron. (b) Detailed anatomy of a nephron and its associated blood supply.
(b)
Figure 15.3b Structure of the nephron. (b) Detailed anatomy of a nephron and its associated blood supply.
Peritubular
capillaries
Proximal convoluted
tubule (PCT)
Glomerular capillaries
Glomerular
(Bowman’s) capsule
Distal
convoluted
tubule
(DCT)
Efferent arteriole
Afferent arteriole
Cells of the
juxtaglomerular
apparatus
Cortical radiate artery
Arcuate artery
Arcuate
vein
Cortical radiate
vein
Collecting duct
Loop of Henle
(b)
Figure 15.4 The kidney depicted schematically as a single large, uncoiled nephron.
KEY:
1
a
2
b
c
3
Urine
Figure 15.4 The kidney depicted schematically as a single large, uncoiled nephron.
Afferent arterioles
Glomerular
capillaries
Efferent
arterioles
Cortical
radiate
arteries
a
1
Glomerular
capsule
Rest of
renal
tubule
b
KEY:
2
Peritubular
capillaries
c
To cortical
radiate veins
Urine
3
Glomerular Filtration:
Water and solutes smaller
than proteins are forced
through the capillary walls
and pores of the glomerular
capsule into the renal tubule.
Tubular Reabsorption:
Water, glucose, amino
acids, and needed ions are
transported out of the filtrate
into the tubule cells and then
enter the capillary blood.
Tubular Secretion: H+, K+,
creatinine, and drugs are
removed from the peritubular
blood and secreted by the
tubule cells into the filtrate.