Transcript French cheeses: historical, geographical, cultural and nutritional

French cheeses:
a brief introduction to testing
• First of all, cheese is
a cultural product
• Secondly a nutritional product
Different families
1. Classification by process (see Dr Gaucheron)
2. Classification by micro-organisms (see Dr Bertel)
3. Classification by type of milk
a)
b)
c)
d)
Cow
Goat
Ewe
No buffaloes
Regarding process:
–Fresh cheeses
–Soft cheeses
–Semi-hard cheeses
–Hard & cooked cheeses
–Processed cheeses
Regarding microbiology
– Ripening with mould
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« flowered crust » by Penicillium candidum
« toad skin crust » by Geotrichum
« scrubbed crust » by Mucor
Blue cheeses by Penicillium roqueforti
– Ripening with bacteria
• « washed crust » by Brevibacterium linens
– Without any inoculation
• Spontaneous development of moulds
Today, more than 400 types,
according to the previous factors
and also, to the shape of the cheese
and the area of production
40 will be available today
For this exhibition
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•
Highest quality cheeses coming from small
or very small processing units (DPO)
Common cheeses coming from industry
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Nutritional quality is very good
Safety is good
Symbolic and cultural value is very low
but you need to know them, also
How to taste?
• French cheeses may be like cigarette or coffee
• ……the first experience may be strange and
sometimes disappointing
• ……after you may become addict
• …...but cigarette is dangerous,
• ……when cheese is a friend of your health,
during all your life, if you limit your
consumption at a reasonable level
How to taste?
• The French cheeses presented today are not
ingredients for cooking
• Don’t taste them alone
• You need to associate them with bread
• and also some butter if you want to reduce
the power of the taste, for the strongest ones
How to taste?
• Two opportunities to taste during the conference:
– Today
– Wednesday
• Today:
– First contact,
– Like with your first cigarette, be careful!
– Note: specific smell is not related with the taste
• Wednesday
– Your motivation will be enhanced after the speeches by Dr
Gaucheron and Dr Bertel
–Feel free! No restriction!