Transcript Prof. (Dr.) Neelima Risbud, Dean of Studies & Professor of Housing

International Conference on
Housing: An Engine for Inclusive Growth-
Inclusive Housing - Regulatory and
Policy Framework of
Urban Planning
April 11th, 2013
Prof. (DR.) Neelima Risbud , Dean,
School of Planning & Architecture, Delhi
Context
 Indian cities are getting larger, growth rates are
high, land prices are shooting, populations is
predominantly living in informal areas with poor
living condition.
 By 2030, in India 590 million people are
expected to live in cities which will be 40% of
India’s total population.
 However, the growth should be Sustainable,
and more ‘Inclusive’ for the low income group.
 Planning is important to allow cities to make
informed trade- offs on their use of scarce
resources such as land,
Planning Regulations for Housing
Planning Regulations are important instruments
available with the Governments to influence urban
land and housing markets, and the investment
decisions of private sector –Individuals and
developers.
Development Control regulation (DCR)
Zoning Regulations
Use reservations
Density
FAR
Sub Division regulations
Minimum plot size
Coverage
Facility standards
Open space standards
 Generally Planning regulations prescribe low
density of development and high housing and open
space standards contributing to an artificial
increase in land consumption.
 High land consumption leads to Urban sprawl.
 High Land consumption also leads to unaffordable
housing forcing more than 50% of urban
households to build illegally in form Unauthorized
Colonies & Squatter Settlements with Insecure titles
 However at present the quality of life in most
Indian cities in terms of basic services is poor.
Cities today are more exclusionary.
 Most planning regulations do not prescribe
norms for slum upgrading.
 As such upgraded slums do not confirm to
planning regulations and do not get integrated
into urban planning system.
Insecure titles create exclusion
 Preventing investment in housing
construction and improvements
 Denying access to formal channels of credit
leading to financial exclusion
 Preventing entitlement to basic services
 property tax revenue base of local authorities
Lack of Access to Land for housing creates
Exclusion
 Availability of land for affordable housing is
most crucial issue.
 High cost of land contributes to high cost of
unaffordable housing leading to exclusion
of large number of urban households.
 In India under the Urban Renewal mission
JNNURM earmarking at least 20–25 per
cent of developed land for housing projects
for low income housing is mandated in every
Residential layout
Minimum prescribed Plot Sizes are high
Low Density prescribed in Master Plan results in
high land consumptions and unaffordable
housing
Low Floor Area Ratio (FAR) prescribed –high land
consumption
Prescription of high Open Space standards
Increases housing costs
Reforms in regulations are essential for Inclusion
1.
Compact cities.
2.
Efficient and intensive use of land .
3.
Improving security of tenure to improve
market efficiency and improving effective
demand for housing finance.
4.
Increase in the consumption of residential
floor space per person for improved livability
Thanks