Transcript Entwicklung der ökologisch bewirtschafteten Flächen in Osteuropa

German National Committee of ICID (GECID)
Institut für Agrartechnologie und Biosystemtechnik
Possibilities of using the drip irrigation
laterals on centre pivot irrigation
machines
Jano Anter, Dr. Heinz Sourell, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann,
Federal Research Institute for Rural Areas, Forestry and Fisheries, Germany
Institute of Agricultural Technology and Biosystems Engineering
27 June 2012, Adelaide
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Contents
• Irrigation in Germany
• Advantages & disadvantages of drip irrigation and center
pivot
• Steps to mobile drip irrigation
• Technical aspects
• Costs analysis
• Summary
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Irrigation in Germany
•
3% of the agricultural land are irrigated in Germany
•
Humid climate, dry periods, sandy soils
•
Cultures worth of irrigation: i.e. Potatos, Sugar beets
•
Use of modern irrigation techniques
•
The techniques are developed in terms of claims by farmers:
- Water distrubtion
- Intensity of labour
- Water-efficient
- Energy consumption
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Water distribution-systems
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Advantages & disadvantages of drip irrigation
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Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
High water use efficiency
Low water losses
Low energy requirements
Possibility of chemigation
High total costs
High labour requirements
for the assembly and
disassembly
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Advantages & disadvantages of center pivot with
sprinkler
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 Full-Automatic machine
management
 Low labour requirements
 Moderate capital requirement
 Simple to use
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Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
Water losses
Wind drift
High energy requirements
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Operating costs
Drip Irrigation
Center Pivot
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Steps to mobile drip irrigation
Center pivot
Drip irrigation
Mobile Drip Irrigation
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Installation of mobile drip irrigation by centre
pivot
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Field experiments
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The Center pivot consisting 9 towers
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The total lenght of this pivot machine was approximately 428 m
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The total irrigated area of about 57 ha
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Drip tubes distance: 0.75 m
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In the field investigations, two operating pressures were used at the
inlet of the drip tubes (50 kPa and 100 kPa)
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Emitters
Mobile drip irrigation needs emitters that have:
• High discharge (8 l/h & 10 l/h)
• Low distance between them (0.15 m)
To reduce the lenght of drip tubes and the numbers of emitters
• High emission uniformity (over 95 %)
• Low coefficient of variation (lower than 5 %)
To enhance irrigation water distrubtion on the soil surface
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Length of drip tubes at two pressures
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The lenght of the drip tubes is dependent upon the emitter discharge
and the distance from the pivot point
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The lenght of the drip tubes increases as the distance from the pivot
point grows
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For the stability of the centre pivot irrigator, additional friction force is
important
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The friction force at 50 kPa were higher than the friction force at 100
kPa (2470 N & 1743 N at the ninth tower)
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This force is suitable for the electric motors which are mounted on each
tower.
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Length of drip tubes, m
Length of drip tubes at two pressures
21
18
15
12
50 kPa
9
100 kPa
6
3
0
0
50
100
150
200 250
300
350
400
450
Lateral length of center pivot, m
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Costs analysis (Capital requirement)
Item
Irrigated area
Water required
No. of irrigations
Total water required
Energy requirement
Total working time
Capital requirement
(Initial cost)
m3/ha per season
kWh/(ha*a)
h/ha/season
Center Pivot
sprinkler
57.55
200
5
1000
360
0.5
Stationary drip
irrigation
57.55
64
12.5
800
128
9.975
€
60,572
132,200
Unit
ha
m3/ha
per season
Mobile drip
irrigation
57.55
160
5
800
208
0.75
56,225 *
15,487**
71,722 (Total)
* = Pivot machine without sprinklers
** = Only drip tubes, emitters and regulators
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Total yearly costs, Euro/ha
Costs analysis (Operating costs)
1000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
906
590
One season
Two seasons
276
158
SDI
MDI
Irrigation system
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127
CPS
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Summary
• High water efficiency / Water saving up to 20%
• Energy conservation up to 40%
• The total costs of MDI were close to the total costs of a CP
• For the same area we need only 1,6 % respectively of the
tubes that would needed for a SDI
• Filtering of the water can become important
• Further experiments with other plants is necessary
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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Many thanks for your attention!
Jano Anter, Hans-Heinrich Thörmann, Dr. Heinz Sourell
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