Transcript Predavanje 4

PRIDEVI
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Vrsta reči koja opisuje ili određuje imenice ili
zamenice
Black shoes
A fine day
My room
This bed
She’s nice
All this
Everything new
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Dele se na:
Opisne (descriptive)
Prisvojne (possesive)
Pokazne (demonstrative)
Upitne (interrogative)
Odnosne (relative)
Neodređene (indefinite)
Usklične (exclamatory)
Brojeve (numerals)
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Mnogi od ovih prideva imaju iste oblike kao i
zamenice – pridevske zamenice
Uz imenicu = pridevi
Samostalno = zamenice
What book were you talking about? (pridev)
What do you know about this man? (zamenica)
All my notes are here. (pridev)
Is this all you know about him? (zamenica)
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Opisuju imenice ili zamenice – kakve su, od
čega i u kakvom stanju
Ne menjaju se po rodu i broju:
A nice girl
a nice boy
nice people
Mogu se porediti:
A good job
a better job
the best job
Mogu biti prosti, izvedeni i složeni:
Good, bad, wet; beautiful, golden, rainy; wellknown, short-sighted, good-hearted
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Izvedeni od drugih vrsta reči dodavanjem
sufiksa, kao što su:
-able, dodaje se na glagol: laughable, eatable,
fashionable
-al, dodaje se na imenicu: cultural, national,
natural
-ible, dodaje se rečima latinskog porekla:
responsible, visible, possible
-an, dodaje se ličnim imenicama: Elizabethan,
Shakespearean
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-ed, dodaje se imenicama: talented, warmbloooded, good-natured
-en, dodaje se gradivnim imenicama: golden,
wooden, waxen
-ese, dodaje se imenima zemalja, oblasti i
gradova: Japanese, Viennese
-fold, dodaje se prostim brojevima i reči many:
tenfold, twofold, manifold
-ful, dodaje se imenicama: beautiful, careful,
hopeful
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-ian, dodaje se ličnim imenicama: Edwardian,
Parisian
-ic, dodaje se prezimenima, imenima zemalja,
rečima stranog porekla: poetic, artistic,
Icelandic, systematic
-ish, dodaje se imenicama i pridevima: British,
Turkish, foolish, childish, reddish
-ive, dodaje se imenicama: descriptive,
possessive
-like, dodaje se imenicama: childlike, catlike
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-ly, dodaje se imenicama: lovely, friendly
-ous, dodaje se imenicama: dangerous,
courageous, mountainous
-some, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima:
handsome, troublesome, tiresome
-y, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima: rainy,
sunny, stony, sticky
-less, dodaje se imenicama i glagolima, jedini
sufiks s negativnim značenjem: careless,
hopeless, endless
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Daju pridevima negativno, tj.suprotno
značenje:
Un-: unselfish, unimportant, unfreindly
Dis-: dishonest, disagreeable
In-: inexpensive, inadequate
Im-: impossible, impolite
Il-: illegal, illegible
Ir-: irregular, irresponsible
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Uz imenicu (ispred imenice): a small house, a
beautiful garden
Kao imenski deo predikata: The house is small;
the water feels cold; the cake tastes good
Kao dodatak objektu:
They painted the house red.
The fire kept us warm.
They broke the door open.
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Ispred imenice na koju se odnosi: a tall man,
heavy books, a lovely girl
Neki pridevi ne mogu da stoje ispred imenice,
vec se upotrebljavaju kao imenski deo
predikata: afraid, alive, asleep, ill
The children were afraid.
The monster was still alive.
The boy is asleep.
John is ill.
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Ako je pridev dodatak objektu, onda stoji posle
njega:
I found the room empty.
Did she dye her hair black?
U nekim posebnim imeničkim frazama, pridev
ide posle imenice:
Court martial (vojni sud)
Secretary General (generalni sekretar)
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Imenica, grupa imenica, prilog, grupa reči
mogu da se koriste kao pridev:
A stone wall
A summer hat
Independence day celebration
The nine-o’clock news
A middle-aged man
The most talked-of book of the year
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Od gradivnih imenica koje se upotrebljavaju
pridevski mogu se graditi pravi pridevi:
Stone – stony
Gold – golden
Silver – silvery
Kad se upotrebljavaju u svom imeničkom
obliku, ove reči označavaju od čega je nešto
sačinjeno, a u pridevskom imaju preneseno
značenje:
A gold mine – a golden age
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Tri oblika: 1.pozitiv (osnovni) 2.komparativ
3. superlativ
Dva načina poređenja:
A)dodavanjem pozitivu nastavka –er za
komparativ , a –est za superlativ
B)stavljanjem reči “more” ispred pozitiva za
komparativ, a “most” za superlativ
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Većina jednosložnih prideva i veliki broj
dvosložnih prideva porede se dodavanjem
pozitivu nastavaka –er, -est:
Short – shorter – shortest
Broad – broader – broadest
Clever – cleverer – cleverest
Happy – happier – happiest
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Ispred nastavaka –er i –est, pridevi:
a)gube krajnje nemo “e”:
Large – larger – largest
b) menjaju Y u I ako mu prethodi suglasnik:
Happy – happier – happiest
Dry – drier – driest
c) udvajaju krajnji suglasnik ako mu prethodi
ssamoglasnik:
Big – bigger - biggest
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Dvosložni pridevi kao što su: clever, able, lazy,
narrow, porede se dodavanjem nastavaka:
Clever – cleverer – cleverest
Kao i pridevi:
Polite – politer – politest
Intense – intenser – intensest
Neki dvosložni pridevi, koji se završavaju na –
ish, ive, ic, porede se pomoću reči more i most:
Childish – more childish – most childish
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Većina trosložnih i višesložnih prideva porede
se pomoću ‘more’ i ‘most’:
Interesting
Beautiful
Intelligent
Responsible
Neki pridevi mogu da se porede na oba načina:
clever, cruel, friendly, handsome, frank
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Bad – worse – worst
Far – farther – farthest
Far – further – furthest (additional)
Good – better – best
Little – less – least
Much/many – more – most
Old – older – oldest
Old – elder – eldest (family)
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1.Osobina u većem stepenu od pozitiva
(comparative of inferiority)
Sledi ‘than’
He is taller than his brother.
2.Osobina u manjem stepenu od pozitiva
(comparative of inferiority). ‘Less’ + pozitiv
He is less amusing than his friend.
3. Poređenje po jednakosti (comparative of
equality) ‘as ... as’
She is as tall as her mother.
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Poređenje po nejednakosti (comparative of
inequality): ‘not so...as’ ili ‘not as...as’
Some snakes are not so dangerous as others.
She is not as weak as she seems.
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1.Osobina u najvišem stepenu (superlative of
superiority): određeni član
That was the hottest day of the year.
2.Osobina u najmanjem stepenu (comparative
of inferiority): ‘the least’
This is the least interesting of all his novels.
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Osnovni (Cardinal Numbers)
Redni (Ordinal Numbers)
Stoje uz imenice
Redni brojevi se grade kad se na osnovne
brojeve doda nastavak –th, osim
One – first
Two – second
Three – third
Koriste se za datume (May 1st), brojeve
poglavlja, itd.