A Turbulent Decade 1919-1929
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Transcript A Turbulent Decade 1919-1929
A Turbulent Decade
1919-1929
What Do These Words Have in Common?
Red Scare
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Death Sentence
Abstinence
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Voting
Ku Klux Klan
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Catholics
What you need to know…
Discuss some of the economic outcomes of demobilization
(leaving the war).
2. List the main causes of the 1919 strikes and how did people
react to the strikes?
3. Explain the public hysteria of the Red Scare.
4. Explain why the Sacco & Vanzetti trial caught public
interest.
1.
#1 Economic outcomes of
demobilization.
Demobilization = transition from wartime to peacetime
Caused:
Unemployment
Wages
Shortages left prices
Farm prices
#2
Main Causes of Strikes
Demanded higher wages, shorter hours and better working
conditions.
#2
Americans reacted???
Public opinion firmly against strikes
Say they were Russian Bolsheviks
Strike = weapon of revolution
“Agents of Lenin”
Steel strike: jailed, beaten & shot
#3
Red Scare
Fear of a Bolshevik revolution in U.S. made people crazy!!
What were they scared of ?????
Change – fear of communism
Many people believed that all
radicals wanted to overthrow the
U.S. government.
“Reds” – were everywhere
Immigrants hit worse
#4
Public interest in Sacco & Vanzetti
Hostility toward foreigners & radicals persisted.
Sacco & Vanzetti
Anarchists
Charged with murders during a robbery
Had an unfair trial
Showed a division in America
Labor leaders & radical socials = supported them
Many people frightened by Red Scare = opposed them
Communism vs. Capitalism
Communism:
A form of socialism that abolishes private ownership
Favors collectivism
in a classless society
Capitalism
A system in which
wealth, and the means
of producing wealth,
are privately owned
The Republicans in Power
Election of 1920
Warren G. Harding vs. James Cox
Harding ran a campaign to return to “normalcy.”
He won by an earthquake!
What you need to know…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
How Republican policies encouraged economic growth.
Positive & Negative effects of Harding’s pro-business
policies
Why Equal Rights Amendment failed
Explain how Republican Party overcame the political
scandals of the Harding administration.
Issues that affected the outcome of the 1928 presidential
election.
#1
Economic Growth
Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act
Pushed tariff rates to an all time high
Enabled business to keep prices high & increase profits
Eliminated taxes on wealthy
Wealthy have more $$ to invest Economic growth
#2 How Pro-business policies affect
Economy
Tax cuts = mergers (combine 2 or more companies)
Business profits 60% / Workers profits 10%
Farmers suffered
Some industry faced pay cuts & unemployment
Organized labor suffered
American Plan: union-free
“Yellow-dog contracts” prevented workers from joining a union
Women’s Rights Grew Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony & Lucretia Mott
Troubled by Women’s status in American society.
Vote
Second-class citizens
Less education (Higher Ed)
Few professions
Lower wages
Married Women
Property
Wages
Divorce – kids?
1920 –Women gained suffrage
#3
Equal Rights Amendment Fail???
Feminists – women’s rights activists
Divisions in Women’s Rights Movement
For: Limiting work hours for women
encouraged business to hire women
Against: Legislation protecting women might
be unconstitutional
Many women divided & felt it was not their place to vote.
#4
Republican party overcame Harding’s scandals
After Harding’s quick death, VP Coolidge took over and fired
many in Harding’s administration.
Coolidge continued a pro-business
Reduced taxes on wealthy
#5 1928 Election Outcome
Coolidge didn’t run!!!
Republican Herbert Hoover vs. Democrat Alfred E. Smith
Hoover
Reputation skill and efficiency
He was a republican the country was doing well = he was good
Smith
A Progressive
Opposed prohibition
Supported by urban Immigrants
Catholic, people were afraid that a Catholic would be run by the Pope
A Nation Divided
What you need to know…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Explain why many supported the Ku Klux Klan and what
led to a decline in that support
Actions the African Americans took to combat violence &
discrimination
Reason that Americans demanded immigration restrictions
Explain the increase in Mexican immigration in 1920’s
Actions that Native Americans took to protect their land
#1 Americans that supported KKK
African American population more than doubled in 20 years
Caused racial tension in the North
KKK rebirth and moved north
Red Scare membership growing
Targeted, African Americans, Catholics, immigrants, Jewish
people & anyone suspected as a radical
#1 Decline of KKK
Decrease in Red Scare hysteria
Terriorism & Violence turned people away
Klan corruption & scandals
#2 African Americans Defend
their Rights
NAACP : National Association for the Advancement of
Colored People
Pressured law enforcement to investigate violence
Published lynching atrocities
Unionization
Fight discrimination in the workplace
Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters
Nationalism
Pan-Africanism Movement
Establish black owned businesses
#3
Immigration Restrictions
Many Americans feared that the country was being overrun
by immigrants
Strange – Why???
Belief that immigrants had radical views
Belief that immigrants were taking jobs from native-born
Americans
#4
Mexican Migration
Mexico had scarce jobs, widespread poverty and political
upheaval from a revolution
Migration
Movement to northern cities for well-paying factory jobs
Southwest movement created a steady flow of workers to fill
low-wage jobs
#5 Native American Life
Dawes Act
Divided tribal land into individual plots
“Americanize” Native Americans
Bursum Bill
Tried to legalize non-Indian persons
to claim Pueblo land
Did not pass
1924: Congress granted citizenship