Health: Community View PPT
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Transcript Health: Community View PPT
NUR 4636C Community Partnered Care
Fall 1999
Health: A Community View
Regina L. Payne, EdD, RN, CWOCN
Anne Nolan, MS, RN, FRCNA
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Health: A Community View
How
do we define health?
Depends on who is defining it & why
defining it
And on the unit of analysis: individual,
family, community, aggregate, population
Are there common characteristics of
health regardless of who or why defining it
& unit of analysis?
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Health: A Community View
Definitions of Health
Personal
80 year old female caretaker of husband
Relative
Surgeon
Mexican migrant farm laborer
Director of Nursing County Health
Department
School health nurse
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Health: A Community View
Definitions
WHO, 1986: …extent to which an individual or
group …realize aspirations and satisfy needs …
change or cope with the environment. … Health …
resource for everyday life … not object of living …
positive concept … social and personal … physical
capacities.”
DON: Health is the extent to which an individual
or group is able, on the one hand, to realize
expectations and satisfy needs, and, on the other
hand, to change or cope with the environment
(WHO, 1984, p.3).
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Health: A Community View
Definition & Focus of Public Health & Community
Health
What is Public Health?
Definition: How is Public Health different from
Private Health?
Focus: Health promotion/education & disease
prevention
Examples of PH Health Promotion/Education
Activities?
PH Disease Prevention Activities?
Primary Prevention
Secondary Prevention
Tertiary Prevention
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Health: A Community View
Focus of Public Health &
Community Health
Focus of Public Health versus
Focus of Nonpublic Health
National Level:
Local level:
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Health: A Community View
Focus of Public Health & Community Health
Focus of Public Health
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL
(Prevention?)
Examples:
HEALTH EDUCATION (Level of Prevention?)
Examples:
EARLY DIAGNOSIS of DISEASE (Level of
Prevention?
Examples:
SOCIAL PROGRAMMING (Level of Prevention?)
Examples:
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Health: A Community View
Focus of Public Health & Community Health
Functions of Public Health
ASSESSMENT: WHAT IS THE HEALTH
STATUS OF THE POPULATION?
Proxy Measure: Disease
ASSURANCE: IS CARE AVAILABLE?
Uninsured Children
Accidental Deaths
POLICY DEVELOPMENT: LOCAL, STATE, &
FEDERAL
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Health: A Community View
Focus of Public Health & Community Health
Focus of Community Health
Health of local communities organized
through partnerships between pubic tax
supported & private agencies: American
Heart Assoc, American Cancer Society,
hospitals, schools, HDs, United Way
agencies, universities
Examples of partnerships you have been
involved in which focused on the health of a
community
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Health: A Community View
Public Health and Community Health Nursing
How would you define and ‘level’ each of the
following?
Community
Family
Individual
Aggregate
Population
Group
Neighborhood
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Health: A Community View
Population Based and Aggregate Based Care
Population: Large collection individuals with
common personal or environmental
characteristic(s):Give examples:
Geographic locale:
Special interest:
Other characteristics:
Subpopulations-Special groups within populations:
High risk infants under 1 year age
Unmarried adolescent mothers
Grade Schoolers (5-11 year olds)
Population Based Care: Define:
CHN Role: Specialist? Generalist? Where would this
person work with populations?
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Health: A Community View
Population Based and Aggregate Based Care
Aggregate: Group of individuals (smaller than
population) with common personal or
environmental characteristic(s): Example:
Geographic locale:
Special interest:
Other characteristics:
Other aggregate groups:
High risk infants under 1 year age: Hispanic, RCMA
Unmarried adolescent mothers: Lee County HD
Grade Schoolers (5-11 year olds): Rural Lee County
Aggregate Based Care: Define:
CHN Role: Specialist? Generalist? Where would this
person work?
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Health: A Community View
Public Health and Community Health Nursing
Public Health Nursing & Community Health
Nursing
How does PHN differ from CHN?
What are the defining characteristics of
each?
What is their focus of practice for each?
What are their goals?
What education and titles do nurses hold
in each sphere?
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Health: A Community View
Preventionistic Approach
Marie is an 8 year old Haitian girl at San Carlos
Park Grade School. You are the school nurse who
has found that Marie has the following needs:
Understands little English; family speaks no
English
Scored at 60th percentile for age/weight on growth
chart
Has head lice, dental caries, & poor hygiene
Identify short term goals & primary, secondary, and
tertiary level coventions for Marie
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Thinking Upstream
Microscopic vs Macroscopic Approaches
Microscopic Approach to Health Care
Focus:
Disease Causation:
Coventions:
Macroscopic Approach to Health Care
Focus:
Disease Causation:
Coventions:
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Thinking Upstream
Models for Public Health Planning
Individual Focus: Thinking Downstream
Orem: Self Care Deficit Theory
Health Belief Model
Societal Focus: Thinking Upstream
Milio’s Framework for Prevention
Critical Social Theory
Identify one health problem of a population in
FGCU service region. Formulate coventions using
downstream/upstream approaches. How are these
analogous to microscopic/macroscopic
approaches and individual/societal foci?
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Historical Factors:
Community Health in Context
Identify one highlight of historical
significance in public health for class
discussion (Text, Chapter 2)
Why did you select this event?
Is there a counterpart event today?
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