GS10-Villafranca - Institute of Public Utilities
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Transcript GS10-Villafranca - Institute of Public Utilities
North American Electric Reliability
Corporation History and Developments
Rhaiza Villafranca
Reliability Assessment Performance Analysis
Technical Analyst
GRIDSCHOOL, Institute of Public Utilities, Richmond Virginia
December 8-9, 2009
What is NERC?
FERC has designated the North American Electric
Reliability Corporation (NERC) as the “Electric Reliability
Organization” (ERO) for the United States.
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Electric Power: Players, Drivers, Etc.
ENVIRONMENT
$ - FINANCE
POLICITAL
REALITIES &
OBJECTIVES
RELIABILITY
REGULATORS
ELECTRIC
POWER
CONSUMERS
NATIONAL
SECURITY
SOCIAL
CONCERNS
ENGINEERING
FEASIBILITY
POWER
INDUSTRY
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Fully Functioning ERO
Develop strong reliability standards
Strictly enforce compliance
Independent Reliability Assessment
Evaluate Past Performance & Root Cause Analysis
Promote excellence in planning and operations
Promote continuous improvement through analysis of
events and “Lessons Learned”
Training, education, and certification of personnel
Real-time situation awareness
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Primary Functions
Mission: Ensure the reliability of the Bulk
Power system (BPS)
Assess the BPS operations & future reliability
Collaboratively Set Standards for BPS
Performance
Enforce requirements of these Standards
Collaborate with the government
Train and certify operators
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Evolution of Electricity Competition
1978 – PURPA introduced competition
1991 – DOE National Energy Strategy
• Allow independent power producers
• Encourage open access to transmission
1992 – EPAct
• NERC action plan for the future
1996 – FERC Orders on Open Access
• Put NERC on a course to become a self-regulatory
reliability organization and ERO
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Regulation of Electricity
FERC
• Promoted wholesale competition, Order No. 888
• Entrants of ISOs and RTOs
States
• Adequate, safe, reliable service
• Rates for retail power sales, T&D rates
• Facility certification and siting
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About NERC: Vitals
Independent non-profit corporation
headquartered in Princeton, NJ
Second office in Washington, DC
NERC has over 112 employees
• Engineers, auditors, system operators, analysts,
trainers, accountants, policy specialists, lawyers, and
administrative assistants
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About NERC: 8 Regional Entities
Delegated functions
• Compliance
• Regional standards
• Organization registration
• Reliability assessment
Regional consistency is key
• Transparency
• Predictability
• Uniform outcomes
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NERC Reliability Coordinators
CMRC -California Mexico Reliability Coordinator
ERCOT - ERCOT ISO
FRCC -Florida Power & Light
TE - Hydro Quebec, TransEnergie
ICTE - Independent Coordinator Transmission – Entergy
ISNE - ISO New England Inc.
MISO - Midwest ISO
NBSO – New Brunswick System Operator
NYIS - New York Independent System Operator
ONT - Ontario - Independent Electricity System Operator
PNSC - Pacific Northwest Reliability Coordinator
PJM - PJM Interconnection
RDRC - Rocky Desert Reliability Coordinator
SPC - Saskatchewan Power Corporation –
SOCO - Southern Company Services, Inc.
SWPP - Southwest Power Pool
TVA - Tennessee Valley Authority
VACS - VACAR-South
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RTO/ISOs
(chart from IRC Council)
ISOs and RTOs
RTOs: MISO, ISO-NE, PJM, SPP
ISOs: AESO, CAISO, ERCOT, IESO, NYISO, NBSO
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Self Regulation Means…
Regulation
• Mandatory compliance with standards
• Penalties for standards violations
Self – Industry Stakeholders …
• Develop standards
• Elect independent board
• Approve changes to bylaws
Audited
• Independent review of actions, first by board and then
by FERC
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Program Areas
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Program Areas (Revised Acc. To Gerry’s letter)
Standards Development
Compliance Enforcement
Compliance Operations
Reliability Assessments and Performance Analysis
Critical Infrastructure Protection
Engineering and Operations
Situational Awareness
Training, Education, and Personnel Certification
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Monitoring and Standards Implementation
94 NERC standards mandatory in the U.S.
• 24 pending
54 actively monitored
• Transitional phase in of CIP standards per
implementation plan
Regional Entities perform compliance monitoring
activities on behalf of NERC (with NERC
oversight)
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Compliance Monitoring and
Enforcement Program (CMEP)
Consistency and uniformity of CMEP
implementation
• RSAWs (Reliability Standards Audit Worksheets)
• Standardized CMEP process documents
Self-Reporting Form
Self-Certification Form
Mitigation Plan submittal forms
• Formal direction and guidance
e.g. Process Directives
• NERC training
Auditor, CVI , & CIP training
• Audits of RE conformance to and performance of the Uniform CMEP
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Reliability Assessment 2009 Findings
NERC Annual Completes A Long-Term Reliability
Assessment for a 10-year period
For example, in 2009 analysis included:
• Monitor reserve margins
• Monitor performance of demand response
• Assess the natural gas supply/delivery and impacts
• Monitor transmission siting and planning delays
• Assess the challenges of technology demands for
integration of variable generation
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2009 Emerging Issues
Economic Recession– Demand Uncertainty
Transmission Siting
Energy Storage
Workforce Issues
Cyber Security
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2009 Emerging & Standing Issues
Higher
Emerging Issues Risk Evolution:
High
Likelihood
Likelihood
Greenhouse Gas
Regulations
Economy
Issues
Workforce
Issues
Variable Generation
Issues
Smart Grid
& AMI Reactive Power
1-5 Years
6-10
Years
Energy
Storage
Low
Lower
Transmission
Siting
Cyber Security
Consequence
Consequence
Higher
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Standing Issues (Ongoing work)
Variable Generation Integration
Greenhouse Gas Initiatives
Reactive Power
Smart Grid and AMI
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Critical Infrastructure Protection
Cyber-security
Determine High-Impact, Low-Frequency Events
and risks involved
NERC Secure Alert System in deployment
Modification of Reliability Standards for CIP
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NERC’s Sample of Task Forces
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New Renewable Capacity
2018 Variable Generation Capacity
(Includes Existing, Future, and Conceptual Generation Resources
45,700 MW
49,039 MW
18,125 MW
12,392 MW
62,041 MW
2,000 MW of Solar Generation
2,000 MW 1.
of Solar Generation
Less than 2,000 MW of Solar Generation
2,000 MW of Wind Generation
Less than 2,000 MW of Wind Generation
46,268 MW
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IVGTF – Integration of Variable Generation
Task Force
Areas of Further Study & Effort
High levels of variable generation will require significant
transmission additions and reinforcements. Barriers to
transmission development should be addressed
Additional flexible resources, such as demand
response, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, and energy
storage may help balance steep “ramps”
Improved measurement, forecasting, and modeling of
variable generation output is needed
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2010 All Electric Chevrolet Volt
Courtesy of General Motors
Areas of Further Study & Effort
continued
More comprehensive planning approaches and
operational practices are needed, including probabilistic
planning approaches
In aggregate, variable generation connected at the distribution
level (i.e. local wind generation and rooftop solar panels)
may impact bulk power system reliability
Deploying complementary types of variable generation
(e.g. wind and solar), leveraging fuel diversity over large
geographic regions, and advanced control technologies
show promise in managing unique operating characteristics
Greater access to larger pools of generation and demand
may facilitate the large-scale integration of variable resources
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RMWG - Reliability Metrics Working Group
Scope
• Identify reliability indicator trends over a period of time
• Assessing metrics through continuous communication
and data validation from regions
• Informing the industry and the public of lessons
learned
• Develop a performance metric to benchmark
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Smart Grid – Everybody has a vision…
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SGTF - Smart Grid Task Force Objectives
Identify the technologies and its contribution to
reliability of BPS
Determine the implications of cyber security and
protection implications on critical infrastructure
Determine the standards in effect
Provide recommendations
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Summary
NERC’s History and Developments
Regulatory Engagement FERC & DOE
8 Regional Entities/ Interconnections/ ISOs & RTOs
Program Areas: Standards, CMEP, RAPA, and CIP
Task Forces: IVGTF, RMWG, and SGTF
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Question & Answer
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