Transcript Satellite Navigation: Where`s it taking us now?

Satellite Navigation
– Where’s it Taking Us Now?
Professor David Last
International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference
14-15 November 2014
La Coruña, Spain
Picture: earthobservatory.nasa.
gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/
© David Last
A Proper Navigator
Photo: Dreamstime.com
© David Last
From: May, V., ‘The first handheld aviation navigator’, Navigation News Nov/Dec 2001, pp8-9..
From: www.garmin.com/marine
Photo: Ashtech Inc., Optron Pty.
From: www.cellphonesforbusiness.com/
www.samsung.com
© David Last
Pictures: https://itunes.apple.com/gb/app/nika-glonass/id668566712?mt=8, http://www.engadget.com/2011/10/20/iphone4s-supports-glonass-satellite-system-much-to-the-delight/
© David Last
Pictures: www.readio.com/new-york-hotel/pictures/warwick-hotel-new-york-city-pictures.jpg,
pantransit.reptiles.org/images/1996-07-28/washington-rain-forest.png, www.at-bristol.org.uk/open/carpark.htm
© David Last
Picture: europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en.htm
GALILEO
European Satellite Navigation
System
What’s new?
• Real-time integrity - warning of failure
• Legal service guarantees
• Multi-nation control
• Commercial service-provider
• Civil, not military
© David Last, University of Wales, Bangor
Galileo plus GPS
Picture: europa.eu.int/comm/dgs/energy_transport/galileo/intro/index_en.htm
GPS plus …
GLONASS
(Russia)
Galileo
(Europe)
Compass-Beidou
(China)
• More satellites
• Technically compatible
• Higher performance
QZSS
(Japan)
IRNSS
(India)
Picture: Kelvin Hughes Ltd.
Picture: Ashtech, Inc.
© David Last
WAAS &
EGNOS
+ RAIM
Figure: European Space Agency
Figure: http://www.airrouting.com/gps-raim-prediction.html
GPS plus …
GLONASS (Russia) Compass-Beidou (China)
QZSS (Japan)
… and all the augmentations:
GALILEO (Europe)
IRNSS (India)
Dover Strait – 28 days’ traffic records
Satellite and Control System Failures
Official announcement: "A significant GPS anomaly
occurred on 1 Jan 04... (which) … resulted in the
transmission of Hazardously Misleading Information."
SVN23 clock failure
Sources: Vogel, Macabiau & Suard, ‘Effect of a GPS Anomaly on Different GNSS Receivers’, ION GNSS 2005, Long Beach, CA,
Sep 13-16, 2005, Hoppe & Walterfang, ‘Investigation of a GPS Satellite Problem with respect to DGPS and GPS users’, European
Journal of Navigation, May 2004, www.lr.tudelft.nl/live/pagina.jsp?id=400f4487-ed8c-4274-95cb-ebc2afa7385e&lang=en
© David Last
http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/scien
ce-environment-26957569
© David Last
• GPS satellite radiates 100W
• From 20,000km range
• Illuminates 38% of Earth
• eg Europe + Africa + Atlantic
Picture: Professor Durk van Willigen
© David Last
Solar flares
“The burst produced 20,000 times more radio emission
than the … rest of the sun … and swamped GPS
receivers over the entire sunlit side of the Earth.”
© David Last
Picture: www.flickr.com/photos/l23productions/1451697290/
© David Last
A small jammer on this cliff-top disrupted GPS on vessels
out to ranges as wide as the Dover Strait
Low-powered GPS jammer on ship
Jammer of less than 1 milliWatt:
•False positions, and velocities
•Autopilot may turn vessel
•But no alarms!
With a little more jammer power:
•Electronic Chart Displays
•Autopilot
•Automatic Identification System
•Differential GPS
•Satellite voice and data comms
•Maritime distress safety system
plus …
Ship’s Radar & Gyrocompass
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CNAr8eQQ_9E&feature=youtu.be
© David Last
Jammers like this already on our streets can block all frequencies
of GPS and Galileo, Compass-Beidou & GLONASS, plus the
EGNOS, WAAS, QZSS & GAGAN augmentation systems.
xx
Pictures: www.jammer-store.com/gj5-gps-l1-l2-l5-jammer-blocker.html
© David Last
Pictures: wikipedia.org, dailymail.co.uk, insidegnss.com, youtube.com
Picture based on: http://www.amcsearch.com.au
eNa
eNavigation is coming!
Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland
© David Last
Reduce impact of
GPS vulnerability
• Harden GPS systems
• Complementary navigation system
- independent of satellite navigation
- compatible with it
- meets modern standards
• Enhanced Loran (eLoran)
• GNSS + eLoran: So resilient you can reduce
lighthouses and buoys – and pay for eLoran
© David Last
Enhanced Loran
(eLoran)
• eLoran: Strong LF signals from earth
• GPS: Weak microwaves from space
• Both: timing, ranges, position, time
• No common mode of failure
• Plug-in replacement
Pictures: Mitchell Narins, Federal Aviation Administration; Reelektronika bv
© David Last
The GLAs’ prototype eLoran system is on the air
Runs continuously; available since May 2010;
10-20m accuracy in ports with differential service (green area)
Pictures: www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment, www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/news, www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech, www.ft.com
On 28 February 2013, the Trinity House Vessel Galatea reverted
automatically to eLoran when GPS was jammed. Galatea
continued seamlessly on track, reporting eLoran positions to
nearby ships and the Vessel Traffic Service ashore.
Picture: General Lighthouse Authorities of the UK & Ireland
© David Last
Picture: www.insidegnss.com
Satellite Navigation
– Where’s it Taking Us Now?
Professor David Last
International Sail Training & Tall Ships Conference
14-15 November 2014
La Coruña, Spain
Picture: earthobservatory.nasa.
gov//ewsroom/BlueMarble/
© David Last