Transcript Jalanidhi Experience - Department of Water Supply and Sanitation

KERALA RURAL WATER SUPPLY &
SANITATION AGENCY
JALANIDHI PROJECTS I & II
Pranabjyoti Nath IAS
Deputy Executive Director
JALANIDHI-I
FIRST RUNNER-UP
PEOPLES FIRST AWARD
(World Bank, 2008)
2
Key Project Outputs
Units
PAD target
Actual
Percent of the PAD
target
Small Water Supply Schemes
Nos
2500
3696
148 %
Comprehensive Schemes
Nos
6
16
267 %
New Latrines
Nos
40000
68023
170 %
Latrine conversions
Nos
8000
24194
302 %
GPs
0
33
BGs
562
1013
180 %
Nos
26667
89319
335 %
Drainage works
Mtrs
178000
68362
38 %
Rain Water Harvesting structures
Nos
1500
13304
887 %
Item
Comprehensive Ground Water Recharge
Schemes - GP level
Ground Water Recharge Schemes – Point
Recharge at BG level
Environmental Management Plan works
(soakpits, compost pits, etc)
3
Key Principles of the Jalanidhi Approach
 Adoption of a demand-driven approach to service
delivery and use of participatory processes
 Shift in government’s role from direct service
delivery to that of planning, policy formulation,
M&E, and part-financing capital costs
 Beneficiary groups (BGs) make capital costs
financing contributions and cover 100% of O&M
costs through tariffs
4
Project Outcomes - I
The Jalanidhi-I project successfully demonstrated that
communities, including the poorest and most vulnerable
groups, can:
 demand, plan, design, implement and manage WSS
schemes
 contribute to partial capital investment
 fully recover O&M costs
5
Project Outcomes - II
 The decentralized service delivery model was successfully
demonstrated by GPs and rural communities.
 The project worked in 3,712 participating communities in
112 GPs (of a total of 978 in the state)
 Improved water services were provided to 1.13 M people
 Water supply coverage increased from 55 to 81 % in the
GPs covered by the project
 The project helped 753,000 people to have access to
improved sanitation services
 Sanitation coverage increased from 76 to 86 %
 85 GPs received the Nirmal Gram Puraskar award for
open defecation free (ODF) villages
6
Project Outcomes - III
 GPs contributed 10 % and communities 15 % to the
capital costs of schemes under the infrastructure
component
 GPs and communities, including the most vulnerable
groups, contributed substantially towards the capital
cost thus helping to reduce GOK subsidies
 Even vulnerable groups, such as Scheduled Castes and
Scheduled Tribes (SC/ST) contributed significant
amounts in cash and labor (6,755 HHs benefited
under project)
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Project Outcomes - IV
The project was successful in being inclusive of poor
and marginalized groups:
53 % of project beneficiary HHs belonged to the below
poverty line (BPL) category
About 16 % of project beneficiaries were SC/ ST
ST families made 83.6 lakhs (US$ xx) in contributions by
way of labour and cash
The project succeeded in empowering women, throughout
subproject cycle
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Project Outcomes - V
 Project built capacity for further scaling up at all levels:
state, districts, GPs and communities as well as in support
organizations and private sector
 This capacity should not be lost but utilized in the future…
KRWSA since appointed WSSO for the State!
 GOK, KRWSA and KWA conducted innovative experiments
whose lessons learned will be critical for further scaling up:
 G-PATs
 Scheme Level Committees for larger WS schemes
 KWA partnership in implementing multi-GP schemes
 Transfer and rehabilitation of KWA/GP schemes, etc
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WB
Institutional
Arrangement
KRWSA
PMU
DPMU
GP
SO/GPAT
BG
GoK
FINANCIAL DETAILS
Original Project Estimate
- Rs. 4514 million
Revised Estimate at MTR
- Rs.3815 million
Claim submitted to WB
- Rs 2760 million
Claim received
- Rs 2760 million
Utilization
- 100%
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Lessons Learned
 Willingness to pay of beneficiaries was demonstrated
through their high contribution to capital cost
sharing, ie 15%
 Tribal groups shared both capital and O&M costs
 100% O&M costs were recovered by BGs in all
completed schemes
 Successfully transferred (from KWA to GP) and
rehabilitated single-GP schemes, with improved
service delivery
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Lessons Learned
 There is an overall saving of 10-15% in the capital
costs of water schemes when community
contracting is used
 Communities proved they could take up planning,
implementation and O&M of even large schemes
serving more than 1,000 families
 Partnership schemes with KWA, for multi-GP
schemes, can be replicated
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Operational Learnings
 Institutional Arrangements:
 Demonstrated that the active participation of
GPs and BGs leads to greater accountability and
long term sustainability
 NGOs/GPATs as Support Organizations for GPs
are extremely helpful for the successful
completion of project
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Sustainability
 Sustainability is a very broad term
 In the context of rural/ community water supply is very
much linked with the local perspective as to what mode of
service is perceived upon.

 In the context of Jalanidhi, Sustainability is defined as
 Capability of each Beneficiary Group to demonstrate
performance which satisfies majority of the consumer’s
normative water needs. In other words “Sustainability
implies that the system works through out its life and
beyond, and is able to generate adequate cash flow
for future expansion/renewal.”
5 steps towards sustainability
Institutiona
l setup
Capable leadership with
problem diagnosing and
rectifying ability
Financial
fitness
Able to meet true
expenses through O&M
collection
Quality water
Consumer satisfied over
visual quality and taste
perceptions
Supply
System
Water source
Faultless operation, low
maintenance and equitable
distribution
Able to meet peak summer demand
and sustainable extraction
JALANIDHI : S E E STUDY KEY
RESULTS
INDICATORS
SEE-I & II
SEE-III
SEE IV
SEE V
Present sustainability
96%
95%
97%
94%
Assessment for future
likelihood of sustainability
92%
94%
95%
92%
User level satisfaction
85%
80%
93%
90%
Technical sustainability
93%
99%
97%
95%
BGs having financial
problems
0%
2%
1%
0%
Institutional sustainability
100%
98%
99%
100%
With the experience gained
KRWSA move on to Jalanidhi II
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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVE
To assist the GOK in increasing rural communities’
access to improved and sustainable water supply
and sanitation services in Kerala, using a
decentralized, demand-responsive approach
PROJECT SCOPE
Project Districts - 8 districts out of 14 in state:
Kasargode, Kannur,Wayanad, Kozhikode,
Malappuram, Palakkad ,Idduki, Kottayam
Project GPs
- 200 Gram Panchayaths (178 to be
self-selected based on GP selection
criteria) from above districts and 22
GPs selected for Tribal Development
Program
- Some 9-15 GPs will be covered
through rehabilitation and
modernization of multi-GP schemes
(KWA and GPs joint responsibilities)
KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I
 Joint ownership (GP & BG) of scheme assets
 Due weightage for water quality and SC/ST in GP selection
 GP share increased to 15% from 10%, BG share reduced to






10% from 15%
Reduced share for vulnerable groups
Higher delegation of administrative & financial powers from
PMU to RPMUs & GPSTs
Setting-up of GPSTs for in situ support to BGs and GPs
Only bilateral agreements instead of tripartite and
quadrilateral agreements
Preparation of GP-level water security & development plans
for sustainability of sources
Up-front setting-up of institutional mechanism at the GP level
for sustainable O&M backup
KEY SHIFTS FROM JALANIDHI-I
 Increased focus on community-level, rather than HH-level, sanitation
(solid & liquid waste management)
 Special emphasis on GP-level groundwater recharge (GWR) activities
 Multi-GP schemes to be rehabilitated and modernized in partnership
between KWA and GPs
 Efficient back-up system management models to be explored
 Institutionalization of systematic WQ monitoring & surveillance
statewide focusing on community-based WSS
 Rationalization and harmonization of RWSS sector in state to be
reviewed and road map developed and implemented with project
support
INSTITUIONAL MODEL
WB
GOI
GOK
KRWSAGB&GC
KRWSA-PMU
KRWSA-RPMU
GPST
KWA
GP
Suchitwa
Mission
(Sanitation)
BG
GPAT/SO
Grama Panchayath Selection Criteria
Sl
No
1
2
Criteria
Water supply
coverage (WS)
Water quality
affected GPs
(WQ)
Indicator
Non coverage denoted by no. of
BPL households traversing a
distance of 300 meters or more
to fetch water, to the total no.
of HHs in the GP
No. of wards affected with
predominant water quality
problems like iron, fluoride,
salinity and nitrates, to the
total no. of wards in the GP
Source of data
Score
40
BPL Survey - 2009
conducted by CRD
of GOK
20
DDWSS website of
GOI
20
3
Poverty (P)
Total no. of BPL HHs to the
total no. of HHs in the GP
4
SC/ST population
(SCST)
Total SC/ST population, to the
total population in the GP
5
Efficiency in
implementing
developmental
projects (E)
BPL Survey -2009
conducted by CRD
of GOK
Census 2001
10
10
Average use of Plan Funds for
the preceding three years of
allotment and utilization
Data from the
Directorate of
Panchayaths GOK
GP Selection Criteria for TDP
 District-wise population of the ST is taken as
primary criteria for the selection of districts,
accordingly two districts, Wayanad and Idukki
have been identified
 From the above two districts, those GPs having
16% or more ST population (according to 2001
census data) are included for project
implementation
FUNDING PATTERN
12%
5%
19%
64%
Govt of Kerala
World Bank
Grama Panchayat
Beneficiary Group
PROJECT COMPONENTS
(Amount in INR Crores)
Main Components
A
A1. Project Management
83.9
8.2%
A2. Capacity Building
10.2
1.0%
A3. Statewide Sector Development Program
19.9
1.9%
114.0
11.1%
100.4
9.8%
B2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP WS Schemes
5.5
0.5%
B3. Sanitation
9.1
0.9%
115.0
11.1%
624.7
61.1%
C2. Rehabilitation & Modernization of Multi-GP Schemes
95.1
9.3%
C3. Sanitation
73.6
7.2%
793.4
77.6%
1022.3
100.0%
Technical Assistance to Implementing Agencies
B1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes
Total - Technical Assistance
C
% to Total
Institution Building
Total -Institution Building
B
Total Incl.
Contingencies
(Amount)
Infrastructure Development
C1. New and Rehabilitated Intra-GP RWS Schemes
Total - Infrastructure Building
TOTAL PROGRAM
PROJECT COMPONENTS/ACTIVITIES
 Water supply schemes
 Tribal Development Plan
 Groundwater recharge (GWR)
 ‘Second Generation’ sanitation challenges
 Multi-GP schemes partial transfer, rehabilitation and
modernization (with KWA)
 Capacity building
 IEC activities
 Monitoring and evaluation.
 GP strengthening
 Statewide RWSS sector- review and rationalization.
COST SHARING PATTERN
Contribution as
as % of construction costs estimated at market prices as
contained in the D S R and agreed to by the beneficiaries and
GPs
Component
Household
I
Capital Costs of Schemes
GP
*
Drinking Water Schemes( (up to 70 lpcd)1 - Small /large &
rehabilitation
Drinking Water Schemes (Multi GP rehabilitation)
(i)Common Infrastructure
(ii)Intra Distribution Works
10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)
15%
Nil
10% for General ( 5% for SC/ST/Fishers HHs)
100%
Nil
15%
Cost of meter including installation and plumbing within
premises (wherever applicable)
Groundwater recharge measures
GP wide
Environmental Management schemes including Solid and
Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes
Community level schemes
Household level
II.
Nil
Nil
50%
20%
20%
Nill
Operation and maintenance Cost
Operation and maintenance of water supply, GWR schemes
(recurrent costs, minor repairs and replacement etc)
For BG and GP level schemes
For Multi GP schemes
Pilot Environmental Management schemes including Solid
and Liquid waste management / sullage drainage Schemes
Community level schemes
100%
100 % of local Dist O&M cost + 100 % of bulk
charges payable to KWA – by levying and
collecting sufficient user charges
Nil
Nil
Nil
JALANIDHI PHASE II-PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE
Batch
Desn
General
Batch 1 TDP
Batch 2
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
No of GPs J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S O N D J F MA M J J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F MA MJ J A S ON D J F M
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2
General
37
GPs with Large Scheme
2
TDP
11
Multi GP Scheme*
4
General
44
Mid Term Review
Batch 3 GPs with Large Scheme
TDP
5
9
Multi GP Scheme (KWA) 9 schemes
Batch 4
General
48
GPs with Large Scheme
3
Multi GP Scheme
Batch 5 General
8 schemes
15
Implementation Completion Review
Pre Planning
Phase
Preparatory
Phase
Post Implementation
Phase
Planning
Phase
Implementation
Only for TDP Phase
Hand Holding
Phase
Only for
TDP
SCHEME CYCLE
Descripti
on
Preplanning
(No of
months)
Preparator
y
(No of
months)
Planning Implementatio Post
(No of
n
Implementatio
months) (No of months) n
(No of months)
Hand
Total
holding (No of
(No of
months)
months)
Small
Schemes
3
-
9
12
3
-
27
Large
schemes
3
-
11
13
3
-
30
TDP
3
3
9
15
3
6
39
Multi GP
Rehab
3
-
15
15
3
-
36
FINANCIAL ARRANGMENTS FUND
FLOW
GOK
Budget
PMU
Treasury
PMU Bank
RPMU
Bank
GP
Share
BG
Share
GP
Project Bank
A/c
BG
Project Bank
A/c
Expenses of PMU /
Payments for Works
undertaken through PMU
Expenses of RPMU /GPSTand
Works undertaken through
RPMU
Expenses on GP
Activities
BG Expenses
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WOMEN IN JALANIDHI
 Planning







BG mobilization & Contribution collection
Beneficiary Group( 50 % participation)
Beneficiary Committee (President/Secretary & Treasurer –
invariably women)
Implementation
Active participation in procurement , construction
management, accounting and Quality Assurance
 Post Implementation

Operation, repairs and maintenance , revenue collection
 Apart from above total involvement in Women Development Initiative as
project component
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WDI –IGP (income Generating programmes)
Project financed micro enterprise up to 80% of
capital cost in “watsan” related activities and 50% in
other IGPs
Thrift & Credit Activities
 Making O & M payments easier through
regular savings
 Jalanidhi’s main objective in this activity was to
help women access funds for either capital cost
payment or monthly O & M payment
HOW WAS THE PROJECT BENEFICIAL TO
WOMEN
 Making adequate water available
drinking
 sanitation and hygiene
 Reduction in Drudgery
 making water available at doorstep
 this pot was always on my head now it is on the
ground
 There is peace at home now
 I am at peace with myself- I am not always tense
about worrying where to get water from

Empowerment
- Self Development- making them a part of the
project
- Building up of knowledge- base in project,
mgmt, health practices
- Mainstreaming them into leadership & decision
making roles
- Thrift & Credit
- Skill Building
- Entrepreneurship
EMPOWERMENT THROUGH REAL
PARTICIPATION
 Equal Membership in the BG
 Key position in the executive committee
 President /Secretary and Treasurer
 Role in decision making (not in attendance alone)
 Minimum quorum such that women representation is
mandatory
 Engage women as one of the two pump operators in
every BG
 Women led BGs (all BC members were women) had
been experimented
BG MEETING
Resource Mapping
ACTIVE PARTCIPATION OF WOMEN
40
OPERATOR in ACTION
WDI - Sowparnika-Sowbhagya Vanitha Hotel
(Kozhikode)
WDI- Concrete Bricks
(Palakkad )
THANK YOU
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