Transcript 例2.
2010高考英语应试策略 江苏省镇江第一中学 周 林
2010
高考英语书面 表达高分策略
一、闪光高分词
1.
认为
,
主张
: argue
，
maintain
，
hold
，
believe/
考虑
: take...into
consideration/account
，
consider
，
ponder
，
meditate
，
contemplate reflect on
／
upon → think
，
think over
，
2.
下 结 论 ， 断 定
: come to/arrive at/draw the conclusion
，
conclude
，
decide
，
assert
，
wind up...→judge 3.
获得
: acquire
，
obtain
，
attain
，
reap ;
得
: earn
，
gain
，
procure → get
赢得，取
4.
支持，赞成
: approve of
，
in favor of
，
uphold
，
stand by one's side
，
agree with
，
give one's assent/
提倡
: advocate
，
recommend
→
support 5.
反对
: oppose, object to/
抵制
: resist
→
say no to 6.
意 义 深 远 的 ， 重 大 的
: far-reaching, profound, significant, eventful /
重要的，有决定性的
: vital, crucial, critical, decisive
→
important 7.
充分运用
: optimize ,make best use of, make full use of /
使用
: employ, utilize /
应用
: apply
→
use 8.
当 前 ， 目 前
presently : nowadays, at present, currently,
→
now
9.
勤奋的，勤勉的 →
hardworking diligent, studious, industrious 10.
认 真 的 ， 谨 慎 的 →
careful, serious 11.
表达
:voice, convey, express, deliver, communicate /
描绘，描述，描写
: depict, describe, picture
→
say, tell 12.
勤奋的，勤勉的 →
hardworking conscientious, cautious diligent, studious, industrious 13.
聪 明 的 ， 有 才 智 的
brilliant
→
clever 14.
疲 惫 不 堪 的
worn-out, weary intelligent, bright, wise, exhausted ,fatigued ,nm-down,
→
tired
15.
参加
participate in, attend, take part in, go in for, engage in
→
join, enter 16.
集中精力于
focus on, center on, concentrate on/
专心于
set one's mind on
→
pay one ’ s attention to 17.
沮丧的，失意的
frustrated, discouraged, depressed, down-hearted, disheartened, low-spirited → sad 18.
努力做，尽力做
attempt to, make efforts to, endeavor to, manage to do
→
try to, work hard 19.
志气，抱负，渴望
thirst → desire aspiration, ambition, yearning, 20.
除
......
外
besides apart from, in addition to, along with → 21.
→ 开展，实施，做
do practice, carry out, conduct, perform
2 2 .
优 秀 的
outstanding, perfect, brilliant, remarkable, distinguished, excellent
→
good 23.
实现，完成
complete
→
achieve, accomplish, fulfill, finish 2 4 .
解 释 →
explain 25.
→ 证明
,
证实
prove account for, illustrate, clarify testify, confirm, verify, turn out 2 6 .
碰 到 ， 遇 到
come across, meet with, encounter, confront
→
meet 27.
粗 俗 的 ， 不 雅 的
vulgar, unrefined, obscene, improper, foul, crude, coarse, rough
→
bad
2 8 .
教 育 性 的 ， 启 发 性 的
enlightening
→
good instructive, educational, 29.
难 以 置 信 的 ， 惊 人 的 ， 令 人 震 惊 的
incredible, unusual, unbelievable, fantastic, exceptional, extraordinary, marvelous, notable, noteworthy, striking, amazing, appalling, shocking, astonishing
→
great, surprising 30.
迷 人 的 ， 吸 引 人 的
appealing, appealing, enchanting, charming, fascinating, attractive
→
beautiful, pretty 31.
请教
,
咨询
consult, return to, resort to 32.
有 偏 见 的 ， 偏 心 的
discriminative →unfair
→
ask biased, prejudiced, partial, 33.
等不及
,
渴望
cannot wait to, be eager to/for, long for, yearn for/to/after, look forward to →want to
34.
事实上
in reality, in effect, as a matter of fact, practically, virtually, actually
→
in fact 35.
低 等 的 ， 次 要 的
inferior, junior, minor, secondary, lesser, insignificant
→
lower 3 6 .
使 信 服
convince, persuade, assure, confirm
→
make … believe 37.
有敌意的，反对的 →
not kind hostile, adverse, aggressive 38.
唯一的，仅有的
sole, single, unique
→
only 39.
显示
manifest point to, indicate, demonstrate, reflect,
→
show 4 0 .
节 约 的 ， 节 俭 的
prudent economical, thrifty, frugal,
→
saving, sparing 41.
迟早，最终
ultimately eventually ,sooner or later, at length,
→
finally, at last
42.
在我看来，就我而言
in my view, in my belief, as far as I can see, in my mind, as far as I am concerned
→
in my opinion 43.
想出，想到
sb.
→
think 46.
轻视，蔑视
come up with, cross one's mind, occur to 44.
需要
call for, require, demand 45.
真诚的，诚实的，正直的
upright
→
honest
→
need sincere, truthful, genuine, despise, contempt, belittle, distain
→
hate 47.
涌入
flood into, overflow into, crowd into, swarm in
→
come into, enter 48.
合作
cooperate, join forces, work side by side, make joint efforts →work together 49.
建 设 性 的 ， 有 益 的
useful →good constructive, helpful, valuable,
50.
遵守
abide by, observe, conform
→
obey 51.
易于，倾向于
be prone to, be liable to, tend to, incline to, be likely to
→
be possible 52.
失业的
unemployed, laid-off, jobless, workless
→
out of work 53.
熟悉
,
知道
be acquainted with, be familiar with, be informed of
→
know 54.
解决
, manage
处理
resolve, settle, deal with, cope with,
→
solve 55.
意识到
be aware of, be conscious of
→
realize 56.
消费 →
consume, expend
→
spend 57.
决心做
be determined to do, make up one's mind to do →decide to do 58.
足够的，充足的
enough, plenty sufficient, adequate, ample →
59.
永久地，长期不变地
permanently, enduringly, lastingly, constantly →unchangingly 60.
抛弃，放弃
desert, abandon, quit →give up 61.
巨大的
tremendous, immense, huge, gigantic, giant, enormous →very big 62.
不 计 其 数 的
innumerable.
numerous→many countless, endless, unlimited, immeasurable, incalculable, 63.
熟人
acquaintance/
伙伴
associate, companion/
密 友，知己
intimate
，
confidant →friend 64.
教育性的
instructive
，
educational
，
enlightening/
有意义的
meaningful/
有价值的
valuable →good 6 5 .
提 前 ， 在
… …
前
ahead of time, ahead of schedule, before hand, in advance, prior to →before
6 6 .
迷 人 的 ， 吸 引 人 的
appealing,
→
beautiful alluring, enchanting, charming, fascinating, attractive 67.
强烈的，激烈的 →
strong keen, intense, fierce, violent 68.
繁 荣 的 ， 兴 旺 的
thriving, booming/
富裕的
prosperous, flourishing, affluent, wealthy, well off
→
rich 69.
壮 丽 的 ， 引 人 注 目 的
splendid, grand, magnificent, superb, striking, impressive, grand, marvelous
→
wonderful 70.
位于
be located, be situated, stand, sit
→
lie
7 1 .
显 示
,
反 映
indicate, point to demonstrate, reflect, manifest,
→
show 72.
承受，经历
through undergo, endure, live with, go
→
experience 73. (
整体
)
由
constitute ……
组成
be made up of, consist of, be comprised of, be composed of/
→
form
构 成
(
整 体
) 7 4 .
毋 庸 置 疑 地 ， 确 信 地
unquestionably, indisputably, undeniably, out of question, go without saying, unsurprisingly, undoubtedly, It is no wonder that... , definitely
→
certainly, surely 75.
娱乐，乐趣
entertainment, amusement
→
fun
7 6 .
目 击
,
→
see
观 察
witness, observe, view 77.
遵守
abide by, observe, confirm to
→
obey 78.
违反
, infringe
违背
,
→
break
侵犯
violate, disobey, 79.
真诚的
,
→
honest
衷心的
hearty, sincere, frank 8 0 .
使
……
不安
,
扰乱
bother, disturb, trouble upset, agitate,
→
worry
二、写作黄金句式
1. It +
被动语态
+ that ...
It is widely acknowledged/recognized that deforestation flooding.
contributed to heavy extensive summer It is generally accepted that to practise euthanasia on a patient who is still alive is inhuman.
It must be admitted that the price war will disturb the normal order of the market.
It cannot be denied that the overgrowth of tourism may destroy the ecological balance of some scenic resorts.
It is estimated that two thirds of the cities of our countries will be in acute shortage of fresh water by 2020.
2. It is +
形容词
+ that...
It is obvious/evident/clear/undeniable/apparent that the situation is caused directly by excessive commercial fishing.
It is understandable/inevitable that divergent on this controversial issue.
people's attitudes are It is unimaginable/incredible/unbelievable that 17 should have had three novels published.
3. It is +
形容词
+ for sb./sth. to do sth
．
such a boy of It is important/vital for everyone to participate in physical exercises, for they will do good not only.to our body but also to our mind and personality.
It is currently difficult for a university student to find an ideal job upon his graduation, especially those majoring in fundamental courses such as history and mathematics.
4.
状语从句
:
条件状语从句、目的状语从句、结果 状语从句、让步状语从句、时间状语从句
As long as I am sure of dreaming of.
making sufficient preparations and distinguishing myself during interviews, it is out of question for me to get the ideal job which I have been The key lies in the user- so long as we can make use of properly, it can be most helpful for us in many aspects.
it First and foremost, the government should invest more money on education so that the nine-year compulsory education program throughout the country.
can be carried out smoothly Although it may bring unfavorable consequences , we can be sure to conclude that this practice is favorable on the whole.
There are so many people, bicycles, cars in the streets you always feel it difficult to move along.
that
In spite of what has been achieved in controlling the birthrate, there is much to be desired.
Many students lack self-control health.
to such an extent that they play for long hours even if they know it is harmful to both their mental and physical No matter whether this problem is a natural result of social development, it is important that we find a satisfactory solution transformation era.
to it in this social It tells us that we will succeed in the end on trying and never give up, if we keep no matter how difficult the matter seems at the first sight.
5.
由
while
引导的表对比的并列句
Different people have different views on opportunity. Some people think that there are few opportunities in the world, while others argue that everybody will have some kind of opportunity along his life route.
6.
定语从句
Those who decide to buy a house downtown have long been dreaming of living in a house of their own in the center of a city.
Those who are in favor of has a lot of advantages.
the Internet claim that it Those who are opposed to disadvantages are many.
the Internet hold that Those people who decide to go on a self-tour argue that they love the freedom and flexibility when they travel by themselves--you can stay longer if you enjoy the beautiful scenery there.
7.
强调句
First of all, the main financial support comes from parents and other family members. For all the years it is they who give the student courage and determination to hold on and excel.
It is not the years in your life, but the life in your years that counts.
8.
反问句
Now that we can draw the daydreaming is most beneficial, conclusion why not good use of it to make life rich and rewarding?
that make If you have only had wonderful things happen to you, how can you become brave? If you can only embrace success and will never accept failure, how can you become mature?
9. with /as With the rapid growth of economy, the living standards of the Chinese people have greatly improved. Many of them can now afford to buy houses and cam.
As the reform process of state enterprises speeds up , more and more workers are likely to be laid off, entering the competition in job market.
As industry and agriculture develop , the problem of water shortage will be more serious.
10. There be (live, stand, exist, lie, come, seem, etc.) In the past ten years decline there has been a marked in the number of young married couples who want to have children.
Recently, there has been a strong debate human beings should be cloned.
on whether Now there is a growing concern over the heavy burden, both academic and psychological, our children have to bear.
There is no doubt that space exploration will greatly influence our way of life and thinking.
11.
倒装句
Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we expect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.
Only if we get prepared can we seize the opportunities instead of letting them slip by, just as the saying goes, "Opportunities are only for the prepared minds." Only by planning his time carefully efficiency and make achievements.
can he improve
12.
包含
never
的否定句
1.
与
too
同时使用，表示“再
……
都不为过”
You can never be too good to your mother.
You can never be too careful when you drive a car.
2.
与其他否定词
(
诸如
no)
连用，构成双重否定，表 达肯定的意义
Though it does good to college students in many ways, the two-day weekend can bring no problems.
never be said to 3. Never...because(since)...
表示“不因为
......
就
......
”
Last but not least, it is for the first time in my life that I learn perseverance, and in the future I will never give up since a matter is difficult.
4. 与
unless
同时使用
Similarly, you can never write a good research paper unless you concentrate on what you are doing and have a right attitude towards failure.
5. never
可以与
fail
连用，表示“总能够
......
”
On the other hand, selective courses can be informative, instructive and inspiring--because different environment will thoughts.
teachers, subjects, never fail classmates and to sparkle new 13.
平行结构
For another, if a person is diligent and determined , he will realize his dream no matter how humble or unlucky he may be.
poor, A good teacher can bring students determination .
hope, dream and
In the second place, the strict discipline is most helpful to me in that it molds my temperament and shapes my character --it helps me to learn confidence and perseverance .
Knowledge and experience accumulated reap harvest in English learning, and can help me confidence and courage gained succeed along the route can in my future career.
help me Years of practice help me can help me improve my writing ability, and constant thinking and reflection become a man of logic and reason.
can If you have only had wonderful things happen to you, how can you become brave? If you can only embrace success and will never accept failure, how can you become mature?
Compared with a film, TV is mach cheaper and more convenient — you don't have to leave your house at all.
Nevertheless, other people claim that such a belief is subjective and unreasonable even at the first sight.
14. make +
宾语
+ do/done/adj./n./prep.
；
make (think/consider/feel/find) + it + adj./n. + (for sb.) to do /that-clause.
The widespread technology will introduction convenient and more beautiful .
of information make our work and life more Most importantly, we should increasingly heighten our environmental awareness and make our world a better place to live in .
Modem transportation means convenient for people to travel home.
makes it very far away from Advanced medical science has made it possible for human beings to lead a much longer life and suffer less from different kinds of diseases.
The terrorists targeted.
made it known that 15.
用分词结构扩展内容
tourists would be People, not realizing that water resources on the earth axe limited, waste a great amount of water every day.
Citizens have the right to know the truth and supervise the celebrity, thus forming a kind of public opinion.
Having placed great expectations on their son , they couldn't hold back huge disappointment and anger when they learnt their son's failure to pass the test.
With the improvement of living standards, more and more people begin to buy cars to meet the needs of work and life, problems.
thereby worsening the traffic 16.
用并列
/
复合结构陈述内容
I love my parents because they give me life, have sacrificed a lot in bringing me up and are always there for me whenever I need them.
Most men would like their spouses to be young and beautiful whereas women often put emphasis on their spouses' character, education, profession, income or family background.
17.
分析原因
There are a number of causes for the great increase in divorce rate in our country.
In general, there are two main reasons leading to the prevalence of cheating in exams.
There are several factors contributing to the booming of Chinas higher education.
Several reasons/factors are responsible for (may account for/may contribute to) the coming back of many Chinese overseas students.
18.
对
…
来说
Thus, for some students , cheating, though risky, is absolutely a shortcut to get a satisfying academic evaluation.
As for (As to) the society , the 7-day holiday well serves the purpose of stimulating consumption
19.
谈及
…
问题；就
(
某人或某事
)
而言
When it comes to whether college students should be involved in business activities, there are different opinions.
When it comes to individuals, no matter what reasons drive them to buy lottery tickets, they actually contribute to the society by lending a helping hand to unfortunate people and to the development of sports in our country.
As far as I'm concerned you can do what you like.
20.
毫无疑问，必须承认，不能否认
It goes without saying that the love of beauty is an essential part of all healthy human nature.
The fast growth undoubtedly of space exploration will influence our way of life and way of thinking.
It must be admitted that the price war will disturb the normal order of the market.
Admittedly , there are advanced research environment and better living conditions in developed countries, and students from developing countries can not resist the temptation of earning more salary in the west.
No one can deny that E-economy has great potentials and advantages in many aspects.
There is no denying that money is indispensable to us in the consuming society.
21.
比较，对比
Just as woods are indispensable to birds, the earth to human beings.
so is As far as personality is concerned , they have almost everything in common.
My hobby is similar to his in that we both like collecting records, foreign and domestic.
Beijing is populous and crowded, Canberra is just the opposite.
while
22.
有了
…
就能，没有
…
就不能
With private cars, people are able to enjoy their leisure time to the full by making trips in their cars to the countryside or seaside at the weekends.
Without adequate latest information needed in his work, one will achieve no success in his career.
23.
把
…
看做
However, some people the space as consider mankind's exploration into a waste of time, money and resources.
In spite of these arguments, there are those who see/view a hasty decision, which has some potential problems.
it as A doctor should look on (regard/think of) his work not money-making business, but rather as a social service.
24.
看法，观点
as a There are different opinions on about / Different people may (People have different ideas hold different views about whether firecrackers should be banned.
) Recently, there has been a heated debate/discussion over whether or not sports stars can go to college or graduate school without taking the entrance exams.
The issue of whether or not students should take a part time job has been widely debated currently.
Views on person.
the issue in question vary widely from person to Quite a lot of people hold/claim/argue/advocate/suggest that owning private cars is of great benefit, while others say/assume/maintain/stress that there may be problems with the increasing number of private cars.
Some people believe that international sport creates goodwill between the nations and that if countries play games together they will learn to live together.
Others say that the opposite is true: that international contests encourage false national pride and lead to misunderstanding and hatred.
There is probably some truth in both arguments, but it is still my strong conviction that...
It is true that money can bring us a comfortable life, not the only thing that we are seeking after.
but it is As to the role of information in the future, I believe that it will play a more and more important role in the modern society.
三、句式变化原则
1.
长短句错落有致
A basic reason for divorce is that some people are not really ready for marriage, perhaps because they axe still establishing themselves in their careers and haven' t had enough time to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex, but family pressures make them feel that something is wrong with them since not married, and so they are they marry in haste without knowing each other well.
请比较： A basic reason for divorce is
that
some people are not really ready for marriage.
As
they are still establishing themselves in their careers, they haven' t had enough time to get to know themselves and many members of the opposite sex.
However
, family pressures make them feel
that
something is wrong with them
since
they are not married. So they marry in haste without knowing each other well.
2.
主被动合理运用 请看下面例子
:
例
1.
被动
: When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, he was immediately surrounded by hundreds of reporters.
主动
: When the Prime Minister arrived at the airport, hundreds of reporters surrounded him immediately.
例
2.
主动
: During their first job, many individuals develop their very important quality of self-reliance. I cultivated this quality when my supervisor allowed me to set up and conduct my own survey project.
被动 : One very important quality developed by individual during a first job is self-reliance.
an This quality was cultivated by by me when I was allowed my supervisor to set up and conduct my own survey project.
3.
倒装强调适当穿插 例
1.
陈述句： One can find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games in no other place in the world.
one 倒装句： In no other place the 2008 Olympic Games.
in the world can find such enthusiasm for applying for hosting
例
2 .
陈 述 句 ： The pioneers, rather than the government, really pushed the frontier further.
强 调 句 ： It is the pioneers rather than the government who really pushed the frontier further.
4.
比较结构巧妙使用 (1) Just as mother is indispensable to child, to our spirit.
so is study (2) He was brought up in a humid and mid area in China. But the climate of the city where he pursues his higher education hometown.
is just the opposite of his
5.
句与句间衔接紧密 (1) Natural resources are very limited. They will be exhausted in the near future. It is not true. But it becomes a major concern around the world. This is a widely accepted fact.
(2) It is a widely accepted fact though that there is a major concern around the world for the exhaustion of limited natural resources in the near future, it is unlikely to be true.
四、逻辑关系 1.
表示列举和举例 : first of all, to begin with, first, second, next, for one thing, for another, in the first ( second) place, furthermore, moreover, beyond that, also, besides, in addition, what is more, such as, finally; for example, for instance 2.
表示原因 : since, because (of), as, for, owing to, result from, due to, on account of, on the ground of, as a result of 3.
表示时间顺序 : at the same time, as soon as, so far, since, then, until, when, meanwhile, shortly, later, lately, after a while, at that time, before, earlier, presently, in the meantime, formerly
4.
表示空间顺序 : close to, close at hand( 近在身旁 ),next to, down, far, beyond, against( 对着 ),on the opposite side( 相对的 ), opposite to, above, across, across from, around, at the bottom, before, behind, below, beneath, between, in the middle of, in the distance, in the center of, farther, on the left/right 5.
表示重复 : in other words, again, as has been pointed out, to repeat, as I have said above, once again, after all, indeed, in fact, truly, of course, chiefly, especially, certainly, actually, particularly, to be sure, above all, surely, most important of all, even worse, no doubt, needless to say 6.
表 示 结 果 : so, then, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a result, accordingly, for this reason, as consequence, on that account, it follows that
7.
表示总结 : to sum up, in summary, to summarize, in short, in brief, to be brief, in other words, on the whole, in conclusion, to conclude 8.
表示对比和对照 : ( 1 ) 对 比 : but, however, yet, or, nevertheless, still, nonetheless, conversely, nor, rather, whereas, though, on the one hand, on the other hand, on the contrary, by contrast with/to, in contrast, even though, instead, unlike, different from, on the other hand, in contrast (with/to), instead (of), the opposite (of), unlike, although, while (2) 对照 : similarly, likewise, like, as, at the same time, in fact, too, in the same way, in alike manner, both, also, compared with
五、适当运用修辞手法 准确恰当地使用修辞手法，会极大地增强文章的表现 力，使文章更加生动形象、意蕴丰富并且引人入胜 。英文写作中常见的修辞手法有比喻、平行结构、 修辞问句等。 (1) Some books are to be some few to be chewed tasted and , others digested .
swallowed , and (2) From moving pictures we can learn much about things and places that we can never see. They teach us manners and etiquette; foreign people; they show us the customs and habits of they bring before our eyes the wonders of the world; they introduce us to great men and women of different nations.
(3) Why is the world getting smaller and smaller?
For one thing, modem technology has made various means of transportation more and more advanced.
[
解析
]
第 1 句中运用了暗喻的修辞手法，把“读 书”比喻成“吃东西”。第 2 句中运用了平行 结构的修辞手法，该段将曲个结构相同的句子 并行排列，阐述了电影给我们带来的好处。第 3 句中运用了设问的修辞手法，以问题开头 ( 为 什么世界变得越来越小 ?) 吸引读者继续读下去 以探求答案。
六、恰当使用警句格言 一篇好的作文在有了合理的结构和布局之外，如果 能有一定的文采，一定会锦上添花，而体现文采的 一个重要手段就是恰当地使用警句格言。 (1) As an old Chinese saying goes, traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books is the top ideal for people.
Travel-does broaden our mind. It enables us to appreciate beautiful scenery, value the culture and customs of the country visited and learn its history.
(2) (2) Some people think that we should read selectively.
Just as a proverb says, books, like friends, should be few and well chosen.
That is to say, we should select those books that are suited to our interests and needs and pay little attention to other kinds of books.
(3) In my view, money, when justly obtained and properly used, can bring us happiness and blessings. However, if we try every possible means, good or evil, to get money for nothing, money means nothing but a source means. evil.
So I believe the proverb " Money is a good servant but a bad master.
“
[
解 析
]
第 1 段 是 一 篇 文 章 的 开 头 段 ， 通 过 “ traveling ten thousand miles and reading ten thousand books( 行万里路，读万卷书 令人信服，且颇显文采。 ) ”这一人 人认同的格言引出“旅游开阔视野”的主题，
第 2 段是一篇文章的中间段，主题句之后引用了 一句谚语“ Books ， like friends ， should be few and well chosen( 书籍如朋友，应该少而精 ) ” ，不仅达到了说明主题的作用，而且起到了锦 上添花的效果。 第 3 段 是 文 章 的 结 尾 段 ， 最 后 用 一 句 谚 语 “ Money is a good servant but a bad master( 金钱 是善仆，也是恶主 ) ”收尾，充分说明了自己 对金钱的观点，极具说服力，起到了画龙点睛 的作用。
七、万能结构模板
(
一
)
漫画作文 结构模板
1
(1)It is shown/depicted/described in the picture that 图 表 内 容 总 括 . ( 2 ) 进 一 步 阐 述 图 表 内 容 . ( 3 ) As is symbolically revealed in the pictures, 折射生活中的意 义 . (4)We can say that/We may draw/safely come to a conclusion that/We can see clearly that 引申和归纳 .
(
描述图表段
)
对寓意进一步 句 (5)There are many examples found to prove that . (6)Take that … as a typical example./The first example is 阐 述 例 子 一 ( 可 进 一 步 阐 述 ) .
主题 ( 7 ) The second example is that/In addition/Here is a counterexample.
/Opposite case in point is that /On the contrary 例子 ( 或举一反面例子 ) . (8)Therefore, 例说明段
)
第二个 段落总结句 .
(
举 (9)In order to improve the situation/To sum up the above
(9)In order to improve the situation/To sum up the above argument/Confronted with such an issue/a problem, we should find several solutions to it/need to take some positive measures. (10)On the one hand/For one thing
方法
/
建议一
. (11)On the other hand/For (
个人观点段
) another,
方 法
/
建 议 二
(12)Therefore/Thus/Only in this way, can
总结句
.
.
模板示例
Write an essay of 150 words based on the following drawing. In your essay, you should 1) describe the drawing briefly, 2) explain its intended meaning, and then 3) give your comments.
(1)
It is shown in the picture that
two crippled men with one of their legs bound together and one supporting the other are heading forward to see the world. (2)They had left their crutches behind. (3)
As is symbolically revealed in the pictures
, teamwork is crucial to achieve a goal, or if any, two heads are better than one. (4)
We may draw a conclusion that
the co-work and joint efforts is very important for success.
(5)
There are many examples found to prove that
the importance of the co-work and joint efforts. (6)
The first example is that
in the case of a natural disaster, mutual help and support among people is of great significance.
(7)
Opposite case in point is that
as our country is now entering into a new stage, construction of a harmonious society makes it a necessity to cultivate the teamwork spirit and establish a supporting system in which people are able to depend on each other.
(8)
Therefore
, concerted and joint efforts can work wonders.
(9)To sum up the above argument, we should find several solutions to it.(10)For one thing, our government should lose no opportunities to publicize the concept of mutual help and the importance of depending on one another. (11) For another, we individuals should be under no circumstances overwhelmed and consumed by setbacks and failures.
(12) Only in this way should we stand firmly up to these challenges.
结构模板
2
(1)From the picture (graph, chart, table, pie, bar), we know that 图表内容总概括 ． (2) On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that ／ 表 一 的 内 容 .
( 3 ) On the other hand, (the right/second) picture informs us that 情况一，图一 情况二，图二 ／表二的内容 ． (4)It can easily be seen that 画／表寓意 ．
(
描述图表段
)
揭示图 (5)There are many reasons to explain/explaining the effect/phenomenon/ case/ instance. (6)The most contributing one is/The main reason is no other than 理由一 . (7)What's more, 理由二 ． (8) 理由三 also play a role in this case.
(
说明原因段
)
(9)Considering all these reasons/this situation/Confronted with such a problem. I think we need to take some positive measures. (10) On the one hand,
方法／建议一
. (11)On the other hand, it is necessary for us to
方法／建议二 ．
Thus/Only in this way, can
总结自己的观点／建 议／态度 ．
(
个人观点段
)
模板示例
Study the following photos carefully and write an essay of 150 words in which you should 1. describe the photos briefly, 2. interpret the social phenomenon reflected by them, and 3. give your point of view.
(1)
From the picture, we know that
more and more young people are showing their admiration in an excessive way. (2)
On the one hand, the left picture tells us that
the young man writes the word "BECKHAM" on his face. (3)
On the other hand, the right picture informs us that
the other young man is spending RMB300 on his hair in a Beckham style. (4)
It can easily be seen that
not uncommon today.
blind idolatry is (5)
There are many reasons explaining the phenomenon
. (6)
The main reason is no other than that
the fanatical feelings of many youth towards superstars are expressed in unguided ways. (7)
What's more
, some
young people are seeking for vanity by blind worshipping.
(8)The fact that the mass media is misleading the young people plays a role in tiffs case .
also (9) Considering all these reasons, I think we need to take some positive measures .
(10) On the one hand , our government ought to ban the false media hype about idols.
(11) On the other hand, it is necessary for us to channel young people's enthusiasm for heroes in a more positive and productive way. (12) Only in this way can we help our young guys out of the crazy blindness.
结构模板
3
(1)From the picture ( graph, chart, table, pie, bar) , we know that 图表内容总概括 ． (2)On the one hand, the left/first picture tells us that 情况一，图一／表一 的内容 ． (3)On the other hand, (the right/second ) picture informs us that 情况二，图二／表二的内容 ． (4) It can easily be seen that 揭示寓意 ． ( 描述图表 段
)
(5)Judging from the pictures, we can clearly infer that the drawer' s intention is 主题句 ( 视作文提纲内 容而
定
)
．
(6)
扩展句：第一个层
For one thing/First of all/Firstly... (7)
扩 展 句 ： 第 二 个
For another/Besides/Moreover/In addition/Secondly... (8)
段落总结句
Thus/As a result/Therefore/Finally...
(
说明目的段
) ( 9 ) As far as I am concerned/In my opinion, the proper attitude towards/suggestion for
主题
is that
我的观点 ／ 态 度 ／ 建 议
. ( 1 0 ) We should take the following effective measures. (11)For one thing
方法一
. (12)For another,
方法二 ．
(
个人观点段
)
(
二
)
现象解释型 结构模板
1
(1)From the chart/graph/table/picture, we clearly learn that 总述社会现象 / 事实 , which has aroused great/common concern. (2)What impresses us most is 图 表 中 重 点 数 据 . ( 3 ) There are many reasons accounting for 现象或变化 .
(4)First of all/To begin with, more/Moreover, 原因一 . (5)what is 原因二 . (6) 进一步说明原因二 . (7)In
addition/Besides, a result, 原因三 . (8)Therefore/As 总结原因导致的结果 .
(9)As to me/As far as I am concerned, 我的观点 . (10)For one thing/On the one hand, 影 响 一
/
问 题 一 .
( 1 1 ) For another/On the other hand, 影响二
/
问题 二 . Thus/In brief/To conclude, 总结观点 .
结构模板
2
(1)As is shown/described/depicted in the cartoon/picture, 图表内容概括 ． (2)In the first picture, 描述图／表一内容 ( 如果是一个图表，则左 或上半部分 ) ． (3) As is shown in the second drawing/following pictures, 描述图／表二内容 ( 如 果是二个图表，则或右或下半部分 ) ． (4)It is safe to draw the conclusion that 揭示寓意 ( 或主题句，回 应主题但不是主题句的重复 ) ．
(
描述图表段
)
(5)There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon/case/instance and the following are the typical
ones. (6)The first reason is that
理由一 ．
(7)The second reason is that
理由二 ．
(8)The third mason is that/A case in point is that/The typical example is that
理由三 ．
(
说明原因段
) (9)In order to improve the situation/To sum up the above argument/Confronted with such an issue/a problem, we should find several solutions to it/need to take sox positive measures. (10)On the one hand/For one thing we should
方法／建议一 ．
(11)On the other hand/For another,
．
(12)Therefore/Thus/Only in this way, can
总结句 ．
(
个人观点段
)
方法／建议二
模板示例
Study the following pictures carefullyand write an essay of about 150 words.
Your essay should cover all the information provided and meet the requirement below: 1. Interpret the following pictures.
2.
Give your phenomenon.
reasons to this
(1)
As is shown in the picture
, the situation of college students employment is worsening, as it is hard for them to be accepted by an employer upon graduation. (2)
In the two bar pictures
we can see that the number of both college graduates and post graduates increased from 1990 to 2001. (3)
As is shown in the following pictures
, nearly 50,000, or 10% of college graduates in the city become jobless in the year 2001. (4)
It is safe to draw the conclusion that
college students, once the "God favored few", are now in their hard times.
(5)
There are many reasons responsible for this phenomenon and the following are the typical ones.
(6)
The first reason is that
the city's economic structure is changing so fast that many college graduates are not ready for the challenge. (7)
The second reason is that
type of economy has been
changed to the knowledge economy that features high and new technologies and modern management. The requirement to graduates is more and more high. (8) The third reason is that many universities failed to change their education plans to meet the society's needs, so that they will not be able to produce students fully prepared. As a result, it is not hard to see that many students cannot find a job that matches their majors.
(9) In order to improve the situation, we should find several solutions to it.
(10) For one thing , the unemployment rate will continue to fall as more and more graduates choose to further their education. (11) For another, college graduates should be encouraged to take the post which may not matches their majors and keep learning in the process of practice. (12) Only in this way, can in the society.
college students find job opportunities
(
三
)
对比选择型 结构模板
1 (1)When it comes to
事物
/
问题
, there is no complete agreement among people.
people take it for granted that (2)Some
一 种 观 点
.
(3)However, others maintain that
另一种观点
.
(4)Those people who hold the former opinion believe
观点一理由一
. (5)In a addition,
观点一理 由二
. (6)therefore
总结观点一
.
(7)However, still others advocate the latter opinion because they hold
观点二理由一
.
(8)Besides, they argue that (9)So,
总结观点二
.
观点二理由二
.
(10)Weighing up these two arguments,
我的看法
. (11)For one thing,
个人看法的依 据一
. (12)for another,
个人看法的依据二
.
( 1 3 ) Taking above-mentioned factors into consideration, conclude that we/ I
重申观点
.
may reasonably
结构模板
2
/ (1)Different people have different views on 问题 . (2)Some prefer tend to 看法 一种看法 / 观点 . (3)Others 另一种看法 / 观点 . (4)As to me, I agree to the first/second opinion.
(5)Of course, example, 我不赞同观点的合理性 . (6)For 支 持 其 合 理 性 的 例 子 . ( 7 ) But in my opinion, 我不赞同观点的不足 . (8)The following reasons can account for my argument.
(9)Firstly, 支 持 观 点 的 理 由 一 . ( 1 0 ) A good example to illustrate is 支持理由一的例子 . (11)In addition/Moreover/What ’ s more, 支持观点的理由二 .
(12)To conclude/From the foregoing, 重申观点 .
结构模板
3
(1)When asked about/When it comes to 事物 / 问题 , different people will offer different opinions.
(2)Some people take it for granted that 观点一 .
(3)In their opinion, 观点一的理由二 .
观点一的理由一 . (4)Besides, ( 5 ) However, others hold maintain 观 点 二 观点二理由一 . (7)And .
( 6 ) They 观点二理由二 .
(8)Weighing up these two arguments, (9)For one thing/On the one hand, 我的观点 .
理由一 . (10)For another/On the other hand, as stated above, 总结全文 .
理由二 . (11)For instance,
(
四
)
观点论证型 结构模板
1
(1)It is well known that 论点 . (2)The truth is deep and profound./The truth of it is self-evident. (3) 正确 性表现 . (4) 总结论点 .
(5)Many remarkable factors/reasons contribute to this argument. (6)First of all, 论据一 . (7)What ’ s more/Moreover, 论据二 . (8)For example, 二的事例 . In addition/Besides, 论据三 .
支持论据 (10)All mentioned above tell us that (11)Therefore, there is no denying that 重申观点 .
正确态度或 做法 . (12)In short, 总结全文 .
结构模板
2
(1) 论点 , which has been generally accepted. (2) 论点含义 . (3)The truth of it is deep and profound.
(4)There are numerous examples supporting this argument. /Many remarkable examples contribute to this argument. (5)A case in point is is close to suggest 例证一的道理 . (7)For another example, 例证二 . (8)Moreover, 例证一 例证三 .
. (6)This (9)judging from the evidence offered, we might safely draw the conclusion that 重申观点 . But one thing we have to notice is short, 总结全文 .
需要注意的问题 . (11)In
(
五
)
问题解决型 结构模板
1
(1)Nowadays, it is generally accepted that 题 . (2) 表现一 . (3) 表现二 .
总述问 (4)There are many reasons accounting for 该问题 ./Special attention should be paid to the fact that 该问 题 is bringing great damage. (5)On the one hand/for one thing, another, that 原因一 原因二 / 解决该问题 .
/ 危害一 危害二 . (6)On the other hand/For . (7)Therefore, it is high time (8)Many a way can be adopted to 解决该问题 .
/Many a factor plays an important role in 解决该问题 .
( 9 ) Firstly/First of all, ( 1 0 ) Secondly/In addition, ( 1 1 ) Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 题才能够解决 .
方 法 一 方 法 二 / / 方 法 三 因 素 一 / 因 素 二 因 素 三 (12)Only through these ways/Only in this way 该问 .
.
.
结构模板
2
(1)Recently, there has been a discussion about 总述 该 问 题 . / Nowadays, it has become a common phenomenon 总 述 该 问 题 Additionally , 危害二 / . ( 2 ) 原因二 high time that 解决该问题 .
危 害 一 / 原 因 一 . (4)Therefore, it is .
(5)The following ways can be adopted to 解决该 问题 . /Some effective measures have been taken to 解 决该问题 . /Many a factor plays an important role in 解决该问题 . (6)Firstly/First of all, 方法一 / 因素一 .
( 7 ) Secondly/In addition, ( 8 ) Thirdly/Besides/Moreover, 才能够解决 .
方 法 二 方 法 三 / / 因 素 二 因 素 三 (9)Only through these ways/Only in this way 该问题 .
.
(10)There is no doubt that 解决该问题的意义 .
(11)As for me, 我的建议或看法 . (12) 总结观点 .
2010
高考英语阅读理解 高分策略
一、干扰项九大特点
1.
张冠李戴 例
1. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death – probably by a deadly injection or pill--to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors.
After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request.
After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally III law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from
a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, " he says.When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ______ .
A. face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia B. B. experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient C. have an intense fear of terrible suffering D. undergo a cooling off period of seven days
例
2. The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys(
卷 尾 猴
) , like humans, are guided by social emotions.
In the wild, they are a cooperative, group living species. Such cooperation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated . Feelings of righteous indignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone.
Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group. However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins and humans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
B. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
C. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
D. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
2.
偷梁换柱 例
1.
Friedman relies on a lean staff in Austin.
Several of his staff members have military intelligence backgrounds.
He sees the firm ’ s outsider status as the key to its success.
Straitford ’ s briefs don ’ t sound like the usual Washington back-and-forthing, whereby agencies avoid dramatic declarations on the chance they might be wrong. Straitford, says Friedman, takes pride in its independent voice.
Straitford is most proud of its ________.
A. official status B. nonconformist image C. efficient staff D. military background
例
2 .
Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site ’ s search agent.
” It ’ “ personal s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them
when a matching position is posted in the database.
keywords legal, intellectual Redmon chose the property, and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notification of an opening.
“ I struck gold, ” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.
How did Redmon find his job?
A. By searching openings in a job database. B. By posting a matching position in a database.
C. By using a special service of a database. D. By E-mailing his resume to a database.
3.
断章取义
When I decided to quit my full time employment it never occurred to me that I might become a part of a new international trend.
A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming “ I wanted to spend more time with my family ” .
Which of the following is true according to paragraph 1?
A. Full-time employment is a new international trend.
B. The writer was compelled by circumstances to leave her job.
C.
“ A lateral move ” means stepping out of full-time employment.
D. The writer was only too eager to spend more time with her family.
4.
以偏概全
We live a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
When do these socially acceptable and apparently constructive uses of a substance become misuses? First of all, most substances taken in excess will produce negative effects such as poisoning or intense perceptual distortions. Repeated use of a substance can also lead to physical addiction or substance dependence. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
Physical dependence on certain substances results from ________.
A. uncontrolled consumption of them over long periods of time B. exclusive use of them for social purposes C. quantitative application of them to the treatment of diseases D. careless employment of them for unpleasant symptoms
5.
曲解原意 Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet. The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information.
Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the “ profession.
” “ great game ” of espionage -- spying as a
These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan ’ s vocation as well.
The emergence of the Net has ________.
A. received support from fans like Donovan B. remolded the intelligence services C. restored many common pastimes D. revived spying as a profession
6.
添油加醋 例
1.
Moreover, demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too. Some instances - ■ Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
■ Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively.
Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people -- about 9 per square mile.
We can see from the available statistics that ________.
A. California was once the most thinly populated area in the whole US B. the top 10 states in growth rate of population were all located in the West C. cities with better climates benefited unanimously from migration D. Arizona ranked second of all states in its growth rate of population
例
2.
It ’ s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house.
Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers ’ misfortunes.
Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident.
Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might -- surprise! -- fall off. The label on a child ’ s Batman cape cautions that the toy “ does not enable user to fly.
”
Manufacturers as mentioned in the passage tend to ________.
A. satisfy customers by writing long warnings on products B. become honest in describing the inadequacies of their products C. make the best use of labels to avoid legal liability D. feel obliged to view customers ’ as their first concern safety
7.
颠倒是非 例
1.
A report consistently brought back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians, and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small minded officials, rude waiters, and ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world.
In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.
A. rude taxi drivers are rarely seen in the US B. B. small minded officials deserve a serious comment C. Canadians are not so friendly as their neighbors D. most Americans are ready to offer help
例
2.
As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
And, of course, speaking a language does not necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. Visitors who fail to “ translate ” cultural meanings properly often draw wrong conclusions. For example, when an American uses the word “ friend, ” the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitor ’ s language and culture.
It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distinguish between courteous convention and individual interest.
Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.
It could be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. culture exercises an influence over social interrelationship B. courteous convention and individual interest are interrelated C. various virtues manifest themselves exclusively among friends D. social interrelationships equal the complex set of cultural conventions
8.
混淆视听 例
1 .
Few creations of big technology capture the imagination like giant dams.
Perhaps it is humankind ’ s long suffering at the mercy of flood and drought that makes the ideal of forcing the waters to do our bidding so fascinating.
But to be fascinated is also, sometimes, to be blind.
Several giant dam projects threaten to do more harm than good.
The lesson from dams is that big is not always beautiful.
It doesn ’ t help that building a big, powerful dam has become a symbol of achievement for nations and people striving to assert themselves.
Egypt ’ s leadership in the Arab world was cemented by the Aswan High Dam. Turkey ’ s bid for First World status includes the giant Ataturk Dam.
In paragraph 5, “ the powerless ” probably refers to ________.
A. areas short of electricity B. dams without power stations C. poor countries around India D. common people in the Narmada Dam area
9.
无中生有 American no longer expect public figures, whether in speech or in writing, to command the English language with skill and gift. Nor do they aspire to such command themselves. In his latest book, Doing Our Own Thing: The Degradation of Language and … Music and Why We Should, Like, Care, John McWhorter, a linguist and
controversialist
of mixed liberal and conservative views, sees the triumph
of 1960s counter-culture
of formal English.
as responsible for the decline Russians have a deep love for their own language and carry large chunks of memorized poetry in their heads, while Italian politicians tend to elaborate speech that would seem old-fashioned to most
English-speakers. Mr. McWhorter acknowledges that formal language is not strictly necessary, and proposes no
radical education reforms
-- he is really grieving over the loss of something beautiful more than useful. We now take our English plates instead of china.
” “ on paper A shame, perhaps, but probably an inevitable one.
According to McWhorter, the decline of formal English ________.
A. is inevitable in radical education reforms B. is but all too natural in language development C. has caused the controversy over the counter-culture D. brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s
二、高分解题四大原则 原则一、异曲同工原则 例
1. It ’ s a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat.
Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers ’ misfortunes.
What were things like in 1980s when accidents happened?
A. Customers might be relieved of their disasters through lawsuits.
B. Injured customers could expect protection from the legal system.
C. Companies would avoid being sued by providing new warnings.
D. Juries tended to find fault with the compensations companies promised.
例
2.
If you intend using humor in your talk to make people smile, you must know how to identify shared experiences and problems. Your humor must be relevant to the audience
and should help to show them that you are one of them or that you understand their situation and are in sympathy with their point of view.
Depending on whom you are addressing, the problems will be different.
If you are talking to a group of managers, you may refer to the disorganized methods of their secretaries; alternatively if you are addressing secretaries, you may want to comment on their disorganized bosses.
To make your humor work, you should ________.
A. take advantage of different kinds of audience B. make fun of the disorganized people C. address different problems to different people D. show sympathy for your listeners
原则二、顺应主旨原则 例
1.
There is another way to commit evolutionary suicide: stay alive, but have fewer children. Few people are as fertile as in the past. Except in some religious communities, very few women have 15 children. Nowadays the number of births, like the age of death, has become average. Most of us have roughly the same number of offspring. Again,
differences between people and the opportunity for natural selection to take advantage of it have diminished.
India shows what is happening. The country offers wealth for a few in the great cities and poverty for the remaining tribal peoples. The grand mediocrity of today -- everyone being the same in survival and number of offspring -- means that
natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribes.
What does the example of India illustrate?
A. Wealthy people tend to have fewer children than poor people.
B. Natural selection hardly works among the rich and the poor.
C. The middle class population is 80% smaller than that of the tribes.
D. India is one of the countries with a very high birth rate.
例
2.
Wild Bill Donovan would have loved the Internet.
The American spymaster who built the Office of Strategic Services in the World War II and later laid the roots for the CIA was fascinated with information. Donovan believed in using whatever tools came to hand in the spying as a “ profession.
” “ great game ” of espionage - These days the Net, which has already re-made such everyday pastimes as buying books and sending mail, is reshaping Donovan ’ s vocation as well.
Donovan ’ s story is mentioned in the text to ________.
A. introduce the topic of online spying B. show how he fought for the U.S.
C. give an episode of the information war D. honor his unique services to the CIA
原则三、求新思变原则 Moreover,
demographers see the continuing shift south and west as joined by a related but newer phenomenon: More and more, Americans apparently are looking not just for places with more jobs but with fewer people, too.
instances - Some ■ Regionally, the Rocky Mountain states reported the most rapid growth rate -- 37.1 percent since 1970 in a vast area with only 5 percent of the US population.
■ Among states, Nevada and Arizona grew fastest of all: 63.5 and 53.1 percent respectively. Except for Florida and Texas, the top 10 in rate of growth is composed of Western states with 7.5 million people - about 9 per square mile.
The flight from overcrowdedness affects the migration from snow belt to more bearable climates.
Nowhere do 1980 census statistics dramatize more the American search for spacious living than in the Far West.
There, California added 3.7 million to its population in the 1970s, more than any other state.
The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.
A. it stresses the climatic influence on population distribution B. it highlights the contribution of continuous waves of immigrants C. it reveals the Americans ’ living new pursuit of spacious D. it elaborates the delayed effects of yesterday ’ s boom ” “ baby
原则四、中庸之道原则 Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing.
Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to “ pull ” customers into sites. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to “ push ” information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers ’ computer monitors. Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company ’ s Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already starting to use
similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users.
Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That ’ s a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
In the view of Net purists, ________.
A. there should be no marketing messages in online culture B. money making should be given priority to on the Web C. the Web should be able to function as the television set D. there should be no online commercial information without requests
三、高分解题技巧 技巧一、回归定位法 Stratford-on-Avon, as we all know, has only one industry -- William Shakespeare -- but there are two distinctly separate and increasingly hostile branches.
There is the Royal Shakespeare Company (ASC), which presents superb productions of the plays at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre on the Avon. And there are the townsfolk who largely live off the tourists who come, not to see the plays, but to look at Anne Hathaway ’ s Cottage, Shakespeare ’ s birthplace and the other sights.
The worthy residents of Stratford doubt that the theatre adds a penny to their revenue. They frankly dislike the RSC ’ s actors, them with their long hair and beards and sandals and noisiness. It ’ s all deliciously
ironic when you consider that Shakespeare, who earns their living, was himself an actor (with a beard) and did his share of noise-making.
From the first two Paragraphs, we learn that ________.
A. the townsfolk deny the RSC ’ s contribution to the town ’ s revenue B. the actors of the RSC imitate Shakespeare on and off stage C. the two branches of the RSC are not on good terms D. the townsfolk earn little from tourism
技巧二、主旨推断法 When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal. With regard … to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be -- even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right --
it can hardly be classed as Literature.
This, though it fulfills the laws and requirements of Futurist poetry, can hardly be classed as Literature.
All the same, no thinking man can refuse to accept their first proposition: that a great change in our emotional life calls for a change of expression.
The whole question is really this: have we essentially changed?
62.
The author believes that Futurist poetry is ________.
A. based on reasonable principles B. new and acceptable to ordinary people C. indicative of basic change in human nature D. more of a transient phenomenon than literature
技巧三、选项定位法
It is also less than most forecasters had predicted.
In late 1994 the panel of economists which The Economist polls each month said that America~ s inflation rate would average 3.5% in 1995. In fact, it fell to 2. 6% in August, and is expected to average only about 3% for the year as a whole. In Britain and Japan inflation is running half a percentage point below the rate predicted at the end of last year.
no flash in the pan
；
This is over the past couple of years, inflation has been consistently lower than expected in Britain and America.
The sentence "This is no flash in the pan" (last sentence, Paragraph 3) means that ________.
A. the low inflation rate will last for some time B. the inflation rate will soon rise C. the inflation will disappear quickly D. there is no inflation at present
技巧四、转折词定位法 Another major shift in the model for Internet commerce concerns the technology available for marketing.
Until recently, Internet marketing activities have focused on strategies to "pull" customers into sites.
In the past year, however , software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
Most notably, the Pointcast Network uses a screen saver to deliver a continually updated stream of news and advertisements to subscribers' computer monitors.
Subscribers can customize the information they want to receive and proceed directly to a company's Web site. Companies such as Virtual Vineyards are already
starting to use similar technologies to push messages to customers about special sales, product offerings, or other events. But push technology has earned the contempt of many Web users. Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen comes there by specific request. Once commercial promotion begins to fill the screen uninvited, the distinction between the Web and television fades. That's a prospect that horrifies Net purists.
Speaking of the online technology available for marketing, the author implies that ________.
A. the technology is popular with many Web users B. businesses have faith in the reliability of online transactions C. there is a radical change in strategy D. it is accessible limitedly to established partners
技巧五、常识排除法 例
1.
一篇有关幽默的文章有一个理解题是：
To achieve the desired result, humorous stories should be delivered ________.
A. in well-worded language B. as awkwardly as possible C. in exaggerated statements D. as casually as possible
例
2. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?
A. Lack of counseling.
C. Lower efficiency.
matches.
B. Limited number of visits.
D. Fewer successful
四、考场三忌 一忌、忌主观臆断
Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe.
But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work moral values. Ten years ago young people were hard- working and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next.
In the westerners' eyes, the postwar Japan was ________.
A. under aimless development B. a positive example C. a rival to the West D. on the decline
二忌、忌妄加推断
NBAC members also indicated that they will appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer. But they were divided on whether to go further by calling for a federal law that would impose a complete ban on human cloning.
Shapiro and most members favored an appeal for such legislation, but in a phone interview, he said this issue was still "up in the air." It can be inferred from the last paragraph that ________.
A. some NBAC members hesitate to ban human cloning completely B. a law banning human cloning is to be passed in no time C. privately funded researchers will respond positively to NBAC's appeal D. the issue of human cloning will soon be settled
三忌、见树不见林
To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment.
Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn ’ t have the capital to do so. And that is why America ’ s Second Wave infrastructure - including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on - were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain ’ s former colony.
They financed them.
Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns
them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else for that matter.
The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you ’ re going to be. That doesn ’ t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justify the policy of ________.
A. providing financial support overseas B. preventing foreign capital ’ s control C. building industrial infrastructure investment D. accepting foreign