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New British Laws/Taxes Huge National Debt to pay off: 10,000 NOW stationed in America British thought Colonists should pay for the Protection Sugar Act: New British Laws/Taxes Sugar was used to sweeten tea and create rum Tax on Sugar to make money Taxes = increase in price of sugar and rum A Breach of English Rights? “No Taxation without Direct Representation” New British Laws/Taxes The Stamp Act – 1765 All official documents required to have a stamp on it – a stamp that was paid for Affected Middle Class Artisans & merchants Literate and involved Caused Major Demonstrations! New British Laws/Taxes The Stamp Act Congress October 1765: 9 colonies sent delegates to NYC Petitioned the King to Remove the Tax The Colonial Boycott: Boycott of all British Goods Successful: Stamp Act repealed Parliament Stated they had the RIGHT to tax New British Laws/Taxes The Quartering Act: 1765: Colonists had to provide living arrangements for British Soldiers In their homes or barracks New British Laws/Taxes Townshend Act: 1767: Taxed goods FROM GB Writs of Assistance: Allowed GB to search homes for smuggled goods without a warrant Right to privacy in ones home is cherished COLONISTS ANGRY!!! COLONISTS SMASH!!! Act Repealed except for Tax on Tea! Boston Massacre British troops in Boston were BIG RED SYMBOLS of BRITISH RULE! Unskilled labor hated them: British Troops 2nd Jobs Would take jobs from Colonists Boston Massacre March 1770: Mob formed outside customs house Mob threw snowballs at the Guards outside Someone yelled “fire” and the British soldiers fired into the crowd 5 people died Sons of Liberty played up the attack Historical Bias? Paul Revere’s Engraving Boston Massacre Soldiers on Trial for Murder Defended by John Adams All soldiers released except for 2 Served Light sentences British soldiers were removed from Boston to the countryside The Boston Tea Party Dec 16,1773: 3 east India tea ships in Boston Harbor Samuel Adams +70 Sons of Liberty boarded the ships and sent $1 million in tea overboard Hundreds watched The Coercive Acts 1774: Parliament response to Tea Party Closed Port of Boston GB brought in more troops and strict Gov. until tea was repaid Sons of Liberty renamed it “Intolerable Acts” Historical Bias? First Continental Congress Intolerable Acts further unified the Colonists 1774: First Continental Congress met in Philly 1. Agreed parliament had too much control 3. Agreed to a non-importation Agreement 4. “Minutemen” formed King George III wants Mass. Under Control! Tells Gen. Thomas Gage to handle it! Hostilities Begin April 18, 1775 700 British Troops to Concord Mass. Secure Colonial Supplies and arrest Leaders Spreading the Alarm: Paul Revere and 20+ riders inform the Minute Men in Mass. Hostilities Begin Lexington: 70 Minutemen met at Lexington to stop the British 70 Colonists vs. 700 British “Shot Heard ‘round the World” 8 Colonial Casualties – Colonists lose The British continued on the Concord OPEN CONFLICT HAS BEGUN! Hostilities Begin Concord: Hundreds of Minutemen there Concord supplies/ leaders moved Both sides exchanged shots The British retreated back to Boston Militiamen fired on Redcoats all the way back to Boston Surrounded British in Boston John Adams vs. Samuel Adams Battle of Two Styles of Protest!! COUSIN vs. COUSIN! LETS DO THIS! Born in 1735 Father John Adams Involved in Politics Puritan Deacon Adams family was on the Mayflower Rise to Prominence: Stamp Act of 1765 Wrote and Published on Enlightenment ideas and Stamp Act legality Wrote “Braintree Instructions” in defense of colonial rights against Parliament aggression Defended the 8 British soldiers of the Boston Massacre – And Won John Adams Philosophy: Enlightened Thinker Believer in Republican Government “Rule by People AND by LAW” Huge supporter of the RULE OF LAW Law and Facts do not change – men do Supporter of Bicameral Legislature and Separation of Powers THE PATRIOT BY PEN! Trial of the Boston massacre soldiers in “John Adams” Samuel Adams Born 1722 Family leading figure in local Politics Mass. House of Reps. 1748: Began a local Newspaper that criticized British Rule Became a very popular man among the common people Involved in Sugar Act Protest Sam Adams 1748: Began a local Newspaper Criticized British Rule Became a very popular man among the common people Sugar Act Protest Involved in Protest – led many 1765: Helped Found the “Sons of Liberty” of Boston Group of Middle class Boston residents who opposed British Authority Sons of Liberty Tactics: Boycotts Effigy Burnings Mob Intimidation Tar and Feather 1773: Boston Tea Party SAM ADAMS: LEADER OF THE SONS – THE PATRIOT’S MUSKET Tar and Feather example from “John Adams”