AfiLab The Tool for Ketosis

OABP Meeting – November 14, 2012

Jeff Durkin, DVM Application Specialist afimilk USA [email protected]

360 610 1554

Ketosis and Negative Energy Balance

• Very common in high producing herds • High losses • Sub clinical ketosis (SCK) >>> Clinical ketosis (CK)

Ketosis and Production

• • Ketosis, leads to a gradual loss of appetite Lowers milk production

Peak, Persistency and Negative Energy Balance (NEB) 1st Lactations Cows* (8882 cows in 86 herds) 90,0 80,0 70,0 60,0 50,0 40,0 30,0 peak persistency 84,3 89,2 84,8 87,6 Others 1 % persistency = 304.0 lbs in 305 days NEB * Oded Nir, 2010 89,5 89 88,5 88 87,5 87 86,5

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Sub-Clinical Ketosis (SCK) - Losses

100 herds average of 840 cows (range 265-2770) 2785 cows tested Cows with Sub-clinical ketosis: o Reduction of 14%-18% of conception rate o Less 453 kg/lactation (305 days) o Increase culling rate

Nydam, 2011

Sub-Clinical Ketosis - Treatment

• 4 herds - 1717 cow tested o Sub clinical ketosis definition BHBA=1.2-2 mmole/L o 43% of the cows with SCK (range 26.4-55.7%) o Propylene Glycol treatment – shorten time for recovery, decrease clinical ketosis and DA events, improve milk production and fertility

Nydam , 2011

Negative Energy Balance by Days in Milk (DIM) Cows with NEB in milk tests 1 st lact. 2 nd lact. ≥3 rd lact.

35,0% 30,0% 25,0% 20,0% 15,0% 10,0% 5,0% 0,0% 5 - 15 DIM 16 - 30 31 - 45 Adapted from: Oded Nir

Clinical Ketosis Vs. Sub-Clinical Ketosis

2603 lactations of multiparous cows in 7 herds (1982-1984)

From: Oded Nir

Questions That Every Herdsman Must Ask

• How do I find ketosis?

• When do I check cows for ketosis?

• What is the ketosis rate in my herd?

The AfiLab Way ….

• Fat:Protein ratio • Early detection • Continuous monitoring - every day all the day

Milk fat Milk protein

Fat:Protein Ratio

• • Correlation between metabolic diseases and milk components Ketosis (NEB) – Fat/Protein Ratio (FPR)> 1.35 1.50 (Heuer et. al., 1999)

Diagnosing Ketosis using AfiLab data

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A field trial (395 cows sample) The “gold standard”: Serum BHBA >1.4 mmol/l Rate of ketosis 21.0% Models : Model Fat/protein ratio Sensitivity Specificity Daily Milking High Low 48.5% 80.9% 80.7% 51.7%

Daily List of “Ketotic” Cows

(5 to 45 DIM)

 Cows high probability (80. 7%) of being “ketotic”  Cows moderate probability (51.7%) of being “ketotic”

Based on a study field preformed by Afimilk Applied Research Team. Shkulnik et al, 2009

Diurnal patterns of plasma BHBA (Beta-hydroxybutyrice acid) From: Meier et al., 2010

AfiLab – Negative Energy Balance Undetected Cows 300 Cows 90 NEB Cow X X 0.3

Cows with NEB after calving 0.5

Cows with NEB that will not be treated for Ketosis = = 90 NEB Cows 45 Undetected Cows

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45 Undetected Cows X 220 Lost Liters 1.6% Persistency Lost = 9,900 Liters X $0.56

Per liter in Israel ~ Profit of $5,500 per Year 9,900 Liters $5,500 Per Year

AfiLab – Early Treatment for NEB Cows

45 Ketosis Cows 4,500 Liters X X 100 Liter loss $0.56

Per liter in Israel = 4,500 Liters ~

$2,500 Per Year Profit of $2,500 per Year

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AfiLab – Open Days Improvement

45 Untreated Cows 945 Days X X 21 Additional open days per cow $4 Per Day = 945 Days ~

$3,780 Per Year Profit of $3,780 per Year

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AfiLab - Negative Energy Balance Profit

300 milking cow herd Undetected Cow Early Ketosis Treatment Open Days

Per Year Profit

$5,500 $2,500 $3,780

$11,780

Afilab The Tool for Ketosis

• • • • Ketosis – high impact on dairy cows production and fertility Fat:Protein ratio indication for ketosis AFiLab – continuous monitoring Expected benefit - 40$/cow/year

Milk

What is wrong with cow 919?

Cow 919 have high fat:protein ration

Milk Fat %

So cow 919 is OK the AfiLab is wrong …

A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health Report for the period 11/10-10/11)

• 220 Holstein cows • The extended 305 days milk yield is 10,981 kg • All cows are checked routinely for ketosis 5 to 12 days postpartum

% pregnancy to 1st AI with NEB without NEB 21,1 30,0 16,7 25,7 16,0 38,6 % open >150 DIM with NEB 53,6 without NEB 38,9 41,3 41,6 0,0 0,0 First Second lactation ≥Third First Second lactation

A cow with a fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the milk tests carried out 5 to 35 DIM was defined to be in a state of a NEB Next 3 slides based on: Oded Nir

≥Third

A NEB in an Italian Herd (based on a Herd Health Report for the period 11/10-10/11)

Comparing the milk test results to the cows diagnosed with ketosis

Number of cows with fat/protein ratio >1.4 in the first milk test with no diagnosis of ketosis high fat/protein & ketosis 21 low fat/protein, no ketosis 124 low fat/protein & ketosis 24 high fat/protein, no ketosis 45

• Ketosis rate – 42% (90/214) • 45 cows detected out of 90 cases (50%)

Total annual financial loss is estimated at US$ 11,685 US$ 61.4/cow in the herd

• Why so many cows are missed?

• The answer lies in the profile of the NEB in this herd: a late ketosis!

Cows in negative energy balance by lactation first second third or more 60,0% 40,0% 20,0%

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0,0% 15 - 5 30 - 16 Days in Milk 45 - 31 What can he do more?

o o

Improve the feeding in the transition period? He tried!

Use feed additives? He tried!

o

Check all cows for ketosis everyday? Not practical?!!

Afilab

Now let’s talk about feeding ….

Thank you

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AfiLab – Real Time Milk Analyzer

Daily milk component measurement device  Fat   Protein Lactose Quality Control Alerts  On line blood detection, alerting and stop milking (Panel lock)

On Going Development

SCC non labeled (clean) detection of four levels: I. Less than 200K II. 200-400K III. 400-800K IV. More than 800

Technological Discipline

Optical characteristics of light scattering off matter

Multivariate analysis of absorbance Spectrum of milk in near infra-red

AfiLab Concept

Automated coupling of the “lab” to each stall in real time

• Free flow • Continuously measures milk components during milking • Provides daily milk analysis for animal health and performance • Easy maintenance • Part of the regular cleaning system in the milking parlor • Clean Measurement – No use of reagents needed • Affordable for every milking point

Multiple Sampling VS. Single Periodic Sampling

%Fat Real Life X iRefL % 6 Afilab X iA X P Estimation … Periodic lab samplings Periodic lab samplings 5% % 5 30 Days 32

Day-to-day Variation for Individual Cows

• During a week’s time, is milk fat % for a given cow better determined using 14 measures (each milking) by AfiLab or 2 consecutive measures (1 day) by an Infra-red lab?

o 30 Holstein Cows averaging 40.7 kg/d of milk o o Milk sampled for 14 consecutive milkings (7 days) Milk composition analyzed by  AFI-lab  DHIA lab using Bentley NIR equipment (FL) o Milk sample collection began the day after recalibration of AFI

University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)

Daily Variation in Milk Fat % Across 7 Days of Sampling (DHIA Lab) for Cow 15891 3.80% 7-day Mean of 3.11% 2.75% 2.51% From: Staples et al., 2011

Day-to-day Variation for Individual Cows

Results:

Using 2x milking data, 39.7% (73/184) of daily measures of milk fat% by DHIA were more than 0.2 percentage units from the weekly average (i.e. 3 of 7 days)

Conclusion:

When AfiLab is accurate, AfiLab measures averaged across 14 milkings can be a more reliable tool for measure of weekly milk fat % than NIR when milk samples are collected at two consecutive milkings

University of Florida (Staples et al., 2011)

Milk Quality

Mastitis Alert - Lactose

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Sub-clinical mastitis detection and improve clinical mastitis detection

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15-20% of milking cows are infected Early treatment improve milk production

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Concept :

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Lactose sharply drops during clinical events Some bacteria (sub-clinical) decrease lactose level

Clinical mastitis

Milk Quality – Blood

Milk Quality – Milk Separation

High Prot % Low fat % Good Quality Milk Blood, SCC