Transcript Presentation - Medarbetarportalen

Handling and knowledge
about high purity gases and gas
mixtures
Melina van Meer, AGA Gas AB, Segment Specialty Gas
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Agenda
AGA Gas AB
Laws, regulations and rules
Gases
Risks
Handling
Storage of gas cylinders
Colour marking of gas cylinders
Gas equipment
Training
Summary
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AGA Gas AB
AGA Gas AB
AB Gasackumulator was founded 1904 with 16 employees in Saltsjö-Järla
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”Solve the problems of customers. Give them the opportunity to increase
profitability, safety and quality in their operations. Help them to introduce new,
better technology.”
GUSTAF DALÈN, President of AGA 1909-1937
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AGA Gas AB – part of The Linde Group
• 50.000 employees in more than 100 countries
• Turnover 2011 – 100 billion SEK
AGA, Linde och BOC
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The Linde Group Today
Result of world´s biggest gas fusion Merging of Linde Gas, AGA and BOC
with three principal operations:
Industry Gases
Engineering
Healthcare
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Page
Industry Gases are our main focus
Air Gases
• Nitrogen
• Oxygen
• Argon
• Inert Gases (Kr, Ne, Xe)
Other Gases
• Acetylene • Carbon dioxide & -monoxide
• Helium
• Hydrogen
• Methane
• Propane • Refigerants
Specialty Gases
• HiQ High Purity Gases
• HiQ Specialty Mixtures
Medical Gases
• Medical Oxygen
• Nitrous oxide
• NO-mixtures
Working Areas
• Temperatures: from -269 oC up to +3.500 oC
• Pressure: from 0 to 300 bar
• Purity: up to 99,99999%
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Laws, regulations and rules
Swedish legislation
Laws, Parliament
EU-directive
Regulations, Government
Rules, Authorities
Standards, not law
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Requirements of employer and users
Lag om skydd mot olyckor – Law about protection against accidents
Arbetsmiljölagen – Law about working environment
Lag om brandfarliga och explosiva varor – Law about flammables and
explosives
Kemiska arbetsmiljörisker (AFS 2011:19) – Risks in chemical work
environment
Gaser (AFS 1997:7) – Gases
Gasflaskor (AFS 2001:4) – Gas cylinders
Användning av tryckbärande anordningar (AFS 2002:1) – Use of
pressurised devices
Brandfarlig gas i lös behållare (SÄIFS 1998:7) – Flammable gas in a
cylinder
Arbete i explosionsfarlig miljö (AFS 2003:3) – Working in explosive
environment
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Explosionsfarlig miljö vid hantering av brandfarliga gaser och vätskor
Regulations of Swedish Work Environment
Authority AFS 1997:7
1 § These regulations applies to all operations using gas.
3 § In all operations where gas is used a risk assessment needs to be done. Any
change in process, equipment or operating conditions -> new risk assessment needs
to be done.
4 § Working with gas can only be managed or performed by a person with enough
knowledge about the gas, about the risks when using gases and how to avoid these
risks.
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Responsibilty of Gas Superintendent
• Gas storage room locked and not accessible for unauthorized persons
• Always a person attending at unloading/loading of gas deliveries
• Safety signs according to legislations where gas cylinders are stored
• Combustible gases (i e acetylen, LPG) should not be stored together with combustion supporting
gases (i e oxygen, nitrous oxide), this also includes empty cylinder
• Store cylinders vertically and securely to prevent them from toppling
• Make sure that protection hood stays on cylinder
• Inside and outside of gas storage room is clean
• That staff are using safety shoes and clothes when working with gas
• That handling of gases are according to regulations
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Who appoints gas superintendent
A person who is in charge of flammable products
A signatory
A suitable gas superintendent:
● Working in the daily operations
● Has knowledge and experience of working with gas
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Risk Assessment
Documented (Best before date 2004)
Should be the basis of:
• Actions
• Program for continuos inspections
• Register of gases and how dangerous they are
• Information about possible risks
• Competence of staff working with gases
• Routines and instructions for working with gases
• Design of working area
• Storage/Handling
• Warning signs
• Documentation of explosive protection
• Plan of emergency
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Risk Assessment
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Risk Assessment Matrix
1
2
3
4
5
>1 time per
5
1 month
1 time per
1 month-1 year
High risk
1 time per
1 year-10 year
1 time per
10 year-100
year
4
Midddle risk
3
2
Low risk
<1 time per
100 year
Health
Environment
Property
1
Transient mild
discomfort
Single injured,
lasting
discomfort
Single severe
injured,
severe
discomfort
Single death,
several
severe
injured
Several deaths ,
tens severe
injured
No actual damage.
Small
propagation.
No cleanup.
Transient, brief
damage
Small
propagation.
Simple
cleanup.
Prolonged damage.
Small to big
propagation.
Simple cleanup.
Permanent damage.
Small
propagation.
Difficult cleanup.
Permanent
damage. Big
propagation.
Difficult cleanup.
<0,1 million SEK
0,1-1,0 million SEK
1-5 million SEK
5-20 million SEK
>20 million SEK
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Consequenses
When not following the legislation…
Compensation from insurance company is based on legal requirements.
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Risk- and safety services
Give a status of your gas system
Show the way to a safety gas system
Safety Engineers at AGA Gas AB:
Jan Fransson
Magnus Olsson
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Services
Legal Requirements
Voluntarily
Risk assessment
Safety Review
Counseling
Flow chart
List of components
Documentation of
explosion protection
Documentation
Plan of classification
C1, C2
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Gases
Content of the air that we breathe
%
ppb
ppt
Nitrogen
78,09
Hydrogen
500
R12
ca 200
Oxygen
20,95
Nitrous gas
280
R11
ca 200
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Argon
0,93
Carbon monoxide60-240
R22
Sum about
100
Xenon
Iodine
Ozon
ppm
Carbon dioxide
Neon
Helium
340
15
5
Krypton
1,1
Methane
1-2
90
25-45
Acetylene
10
Formaldehyde
10
Ammonia
4-40
2-20
Hydrogen sulfide 2-20
Sulfur dioxide
0-20
Hydrogen fluoride1-18
Ethylene
Nitrogen oxide
Chlorine
3
1-4
ca 1
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Air separation unit – Oxygen • Nitrogen • Argon
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1
3
4
1. Filter
2
2. Compressor
3. Cleaning/purification5
4. Cooling
5. Expansion
6. Separation
7. Argon
8. Nitrogen
9. Oxygen
10.Pump
11.Evaporator
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8
9
7
6
10
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Permanent gases
Oxygen
Argon
Nitrogen
Hydrogen
°C
Helium
O2
Ar
N2
-183 °C
-186 °C
-196 °C
H2
He
-253
-269 °C
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How much gas in a cylinder?
200 bar
50 litres
Atmospheric pressure
10 000 litres = 10 m3
200 x 50 = 10 000 litres = 10 m3
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Condensed gases is liquid in the cylinder
LPG
95% Propane C3H8
- 42 °C
5% Butane C4H10
± 0 °C
Carbon dioxide CO2
- 78 °C
Nitrous oxide N2O
- 88 °C
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Liquid gases = Cryogenic gases
Kryos is from greek language, meaning very cold
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Liquid gas
1 litre of liquid gas -> 500-800
litres of gas in gas phase
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Absorbed gas
Acetylene is a special case
Acetylene C2H2
- 84 °C
Can not be stored in high pressure due to risk
of spontaneously decay:
• Porous mass
• Acetone
• Acetylene solved (absorbed) in acetone
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Light and heavy gases
Hydrogen
0,07
Helium
0,14
Acetylene
0,91
Nitrogen
0,97
Air
1,0
Oxygen
1,11
Argon
1,38
Carbon dioxide
1,53
LPG (propane)
1,56
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Gas cylinders
Gas
Phase of the gas
Acetylene
Oxygen +
other air gases
Dissolved in
acetone in a
porous mass Gas
Carbon dioxide LPG
Liquid
Liquid
Pressure of gas (bar) 17
200
50
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Temp risk for bursting100 °C
valve
350 °C
100 °C
100 °C
No
Bursting disc Safety valve
Somewhat
heavier
Heavier
Excess pressure
protection
No
Somewhat
lighter
Weight gas compare to
air
Heavier
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Risks with gases
Risks with gases
Combustible
Combustion
supporting gas Inert/asphyxiating
Oxygen O2
Nitrogen N2
Permanent
Argon Ar
Helium He
Hydrogen H2
Carbon dioxide
Condensed
CO2
Nitrous gas N2O
Absorbed
LPG C3H8
Acetylene C2H2
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Risks with with gases
• High pressure
• Inert/asphyxiating gas
• Fire and explosion
• Poisonous gas
• Low temperature
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Asphyxiating – Invisible danger
Most accidents with asphyxia happends because rules
have not been followed.
Typical causes could be:
● Deviated from current working environment rules.
● Training and control of work not sufficient.
● Defiencies in supervision team.
AFS 1997:7 6 § In working area the ventilation
should be good enough that oxygen content
normally is not less than 20%. When oxygen
content in a working area is below 18% breathing
apparatus should be used.
KVÄVNINGSRISK
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Risks when oxygen content decreases
21 %
15 %
13 %
10 %
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Poisonous gases
LD50 0,5 - 2 mg gas / litre air
Ammonia
Arsenic pentafluoride
Bromine chloride
Dicyan
Dichlorinesilane
1,1-Dichlorine
difluoroethylene
Disilane
Ethylene oxide
Formaldehyde
Phosphor penta-
Germanium tetrahydride
Carbonylsulfide
fluoride
Silicon tetra fluoride
Chlorine
Chlorine trifluoride Carbon monoxide
Methylbromide
Methylchlorinesilan Nitrosyl chloride
Perchlorylfluoride
Selenium hexa-
Selenium hydrogen
Sulfuryldifluorid
Sulfur dioxide
Sulphur tetra fluoride
Sulfur trioxide
Tellurhexafluoride
Trifluoracetylklorid
Hydrogen chloride
fluoride
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Very poisonous gases
LD50
< 0,5 mg gas
/ litre air
Arsenic hydrogen
Boron trifluoride
Bor-tri-chloride
Cyanogenchloride
Diborane
Fluorine
Fluorväte
Phosphine
Karbonylfluorid
Carbonylchloride
Chlorine dioxide
Chlorinepentafluoride
Nitrogen dioxide
monoxide
Nitrogen
Ozone
Hydrogen sulphide
Syredifluorid
Vinyl fluoride
Volframhexafluorid
Hydrogen cyanide
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Handling
Handling of gas cylinders
• Wear personal protective equipment (PPE) i.e. safety
shoes and gloves, gas detector
• Read safety data sheet
• Handle cylinders gently
• Protect cylinder from high temperature and mechanical
impact
• Store cylinders vertically and securely to prevent them
from toppling
• When transporting gas cylinder use a cart
• Open valve carefully
• Make sure that oxygen is not in contact with grease
• Liquid gases always a risk of frost-bite if contact with
skin – wear correct PPE
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Carbon dioxide – Handling dry ice
• Handle and store in well-ventilated spaces
• Not stored in sealed container
• Use personal protective equipment
• In contact with skin –> frost-bite
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LPG
Pressure and liquid volume at different temperature for a filled LPG-cylinder
15 °C
7 bar
50 °C
18 bar
65 °C
24 bar
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LPG-bottle should always be standing
Safety valve
Outlet
Gas
Liquid
1 kg leaking LPG in liquid phase -> 525 litre gas
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Personal safety – liquid gases
• Safety googles/Visor
What is suitable
working clothes?
• Gloves
• Boots
• Covered working clothes
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How to treat frost-bite?
1. Frost-bites are treated as burns
- Water!
- Do not put any bandage or similar on the
wound! Can cause more damage.
2. If necessary go to hospital
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Handling of cryogenic gases
Always pant legs
outside boot shafts!
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Handling liquid gases
What is missing?
1. Safety googles / visor
2. Gloves
3. Protect environment to damages
4. Personal gas detector
What else to remember?
Always pant legs outside boot
shafts!
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Equipment
• Use proper and approved equipment
designed for cryogenic gases
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Combustion gas – what does the law says?
§ Handling and storage should be with precaution
to avoid risk for fire.
§ Storage room performed in a safety way,
preventing fire to occur.
§ Equipment installed carefully and with
competence.
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Actions when fire
Warn staff and evacuate the area
Call 112
If possible with safety respect
Shut off gas cylinders, take away cylinders
Cool cylinders with water from a safe space
Mark gas cylinders that has been in a fire, contact
AGA
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Actions when gas leaking out of cylinder
Close the valve of gas cylinder
Ventilate the area
Evacuate
If a bigger gas leakage – rope off the area
Alarm rescue department if a big gas leakage
Identify what was causing the gas leakage –
change broken part
If gas is liquid or cold – measure gas content in
lower areas
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Storage of gas cylinders
Storage of gas cylinders
• Separate combustible gases
from others gases
• Well closed cylinders
Gas
storage
• Protect against abnormal
heating
• Well ventilated area
• Store cylinders inaccessible
for unauthorized people
Acetylene
Oxygen
• Warning signs
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Colour marking of gas cylinders
Colour marking – safety
•
Colour marking according to european standard
– EN 1089-3
•
The colour of the cylinder breast informs about the property
of the gas in the cylinder
•
Identification of gas property from a long distance
•
Important for emergency personnel
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Cylinder colours
Colour of cylinder not regulated by standard. AGA has choosed following
colours:
Industrial
gases
Acetylene
Food gases
Specialty
gases
Medical gases
Black
Maroon
Green
Silver grey
White
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Specialty gases – Pure gases
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Gas mixtures
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What information on cylinder label?
1. Product name
2. Product information
1
3. Warning symbol(s)
2
3
4
4. Material number
5. Transport information
6. Safety information
5
6
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Gas equipment
Gas equipment
• Gas panels
• Point of use
• Cylinder regulators
• Flame barrier C2H2
• Setback protection C2H2
• Central gas supply system
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Continous supervision
AFS 2002:1 Use of pressurised devices, central gas supply system
• Control
• That controls and ev inspections are performed
• Function control
• Gas panels, point of uses, setback protection (C2H2) etc
• Leak detection and ocular inspection of pipe system
• Recommendation 2 times/year when combustible gases
• Known defiencies corrected
• Control of risk assessment, safety inspections, reports of incident
• Marking, visible
• Media, flow direction, safety sign
• Instructions for operation
• Flowchart, updated
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Continous supervision, continued
• Ocular control/change of hose (both high and low pressure hose)
• Control of gas system according to supplier both daily and yearly
inspections
• Control that gas cylinders are chained
• Controll of setback protection (C2H2) every 24st month
Part or all of supervision of gas system can be done by another company
but it is the responsibility of the owner of the gas system that the
supervision is done.
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Use of gas detectors
Stationary CO2 alarm
Portabel gas detector
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Training
Training
AGA Gas AB offers following trainings:
1) Open courses at AGA Gas AB:
● Safety handling of gas
● Gas safety according to laws, regulations and rules
● Superintendent training for a bigger gas system
2) Courses at customer site
More information at: www.aga.se or from your local sales
representative
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Summary
• Gas superintendent
• Competent staff
• Risk assessment
• Be aware of risks with gases: high pressure, asphyxiating, poisonous, combustible,
coldness
• Correct handling and storage of gas cylinders: chained, separate combustible gases
from other gases, well ventilated working areas, personal protective equipment, gas
detector
• Colour marking of gas cylinders, especielly yellow and red colours
• Continous supervision / yearly maintenance of gas equioment
• Continous training
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Questions?
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Thanks for your attention!
NOTHING CAN STOP PROGRESS
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Contact information AGA Gas AB
• Melina van Meer
• 0767-244 786
• [email protected]
• www.aga.se
• [email protected]
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