Transcript Canada Air Pilot Template Briefing Nov 01

Stabilized Constant
Descent Angle NPA’s
Overview
• What is a Stabilized Constant Descent Angle
(SCDA) Non- Precision Approach (NPA)?
• Why do we need it?
• How do we fly it?
• Considerations?
Legal-Applicability
• CBAAC No. 0238 is primarily applicable to
operators under Subparts 703, 704 and 705 of the
Canadian Aviation Regulations (CARs) who may
be authorized through Ops Spec 019, 303, or 503
respectively to conduct SCDA NPA procedures at
reduced approach ban visibility values RVR, or
ground visibility at aerodromes south of 60 degrees
North Latitude (60°N Lat), and to use the Minimum
Descent Altitude (MDA) as a Decision Altitude
(Height) DA(H).
SCDA Training Program
• The operator should ensure that flight crews
receive ground and simulator or flight
training that addresses SCDA NPA
procedure proficiency.
• The operator should have SOPs
incorporating SCDA NPA procedures.
Background
• Precision Approach
– An approach with both lateral and vertical
information used to guide the aircraft to a
Decision Height
• Non Precision Approach
– An approach with only lateral information
used to guide the aircraft to a minimum
descent altitude
Decision Height
• A specified height in the precision approach
or approach with vertical guidance at which
a missed approach must be initiated if the
required visual reference to continue the
approach to land has not been established.
Minimum Descent Altitude
• The altitude above sea level (ASL) specified
in the Canada Air Pilot (CAP) or the route
and approach inventory for a nonprecision
approach, below which descent shall not be
made until the required visual reference to
continue the approach to land has been
established.
Stabilized approach
• a final approach flown to achieve a constant
rate of descent, at an approximate 3 degree
descent flight path angle, with stable
airspeed, power setting, and attitude, with
the aircraft configured for landing.
Types of NPA’s
• Step Down
• Constant Descent Angle
• Stabilized Descent Angle
Traditional NPA
• Step Down Technique
– Also referred to as “Dive and Drive”
MAP
FAF
What is a CDA?
• means stabilized constant-descent-angle
non-precision approach.
MAP
FAF
What is a SCDA?
• means stabilized constant-descent-angle
non-precision approach.
MAP
FAF
The Approach
• Initial Approach
– From the IAF to the IF (if defined)
– Obstacle clearance 1,000 ft.
• Intermediate Approach
– From the IF to the FAF
– Obstacle clearance 500 ft.
• Final Approach
– From the FAF to the MDA
– Obstacle clearance 200 ft.
Traditional NPA Workload
FAF
Final Approach Segment
3.3 nm
Stabilized Constant Descent Final
Approach Workload
FAF
Final Approach Segment
3.3 nm
Advantages of the SCDA
• Increased safety by employing the concepts
of stabilized approach criteria and procedure
standardization.
• Improved pilot situational awareness (SA)
and reduced pilot workload.
• Improved fuel efficiency by minimizing the
low-altitude level flight time.
Advantages of the SCDA
• Reduced noise level by minimizing the level
flight time at high thrust settings.
• Procedural similarities to precision approach
operations.
• Reduced probability of infringement on
required obstacle clearance during the final
approach segment.
Statistics*
*Flight Safety Foundation Approach and Landing Accident Reduction Task Force
Stabilized Approach
• Aircraft on the correct flight path
• Only minor changes required to maintain the
correct flight path
• Airspeed between Vref and Vref +20 and
power properly set
• Aircraft properly configured for landing
• Sink rate no greater than 1,000 fpm
• All briefings and checklists complete
SCDA Criteria
• The approach is flown to straight-in minima.
• The approach design should permit a final
approach segment descent angle of 2.9 to
3.5 degrees.
• The final approach course shall not be more
than 15 degrees from runway centreline.
Approach Considerations
• Don’t forget temperature corrections
• Take minimum altitudes at step-down fixes
into account when planning the final descent
angle
Missed Approach
• When flown correctly, the position where a
missed approach is commenced following an
SCDA NPA to MDA will occur before the
published MAP.
• The missed approach climb will normally
occur some distance before reaching the
published MAP.
Missed Approach
• Missed approach can begin before the MAP
• Missed approach must begin at the MAP
• For obstacle clearance, delay any turns
stated in the published missed approach
procedure until the aircraft crosses the MAP
Missed Approach Profile on Step
Down
Missed Approach Profile on a SCDA
Missed Approach Profile on a CDA
Missed Approach
• Time required for a decision (reaction time);
• Rate of descent at commencement of the
missed approach;
• Pilot technique;
• Aircraft performance; and
• Baro altimeter lag.
CAP depiction
Questions???