7

th

Grade 3/12 Do Now:

Finish Cell Theory TimeLine

Cell Theory:

    Hooke – first person to discover and name cells Schleiden – discovers plants are made of cells Schwann – discovers animals are made of cells Virchow – discovers cells come from other cells

Cell Theory

 How does Cell Theory answer these questions: – What makes something alive?

– – What do cells do?

Where do cells come from?

THE CELL

COMMON CELL TRAITS

 A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions.

COMPARING CELLS

 The size & shape of a cell relates to its function. (job it does)

Prokaryotic Cells

(proh KAYR ee yah tihk)

 cells without membrane bound structures 

EX

: bacteria pond scum

7 th Grade 3/13 Do Now

 Color and label the picture of the animal cell and plant cell for the following parts of the cell: – – – Cell membrane – orange Cytoplasm – sky (light) blue Cell wall – yellow green

Eukaryotic Cells

(yew KAYR ee yah tihk)

 cells with membrane bound structures 

EX:

animals, plants, fungi and protists

CELL WALL

 protects the cell  gives shape  is made of cellulose  A cell wall is found in plants, algae, fungi, & most bacteria.

CELL MEMBRANE

   Outer covering, protective layer around

ALL

cells For cells with cell walls,the cell membrane is inside the cell wall Allows food, oxygen, & water into the cell & waste products out of the cell.

CYTOPLASM

 gelatin-like inside cell membrane  constantly flows  aka protoplasm

CYTOSKELETON

 scaffolding-like structure in cytoplasm  helps the cell maintain or change its shape  made of protein

Organelle Foldable

 Take a piece of paper and fold it lengthwise (hot dog).

 At the top label: Cell Organelles  On the same side cut the paper into 7 flaps (approximately 4 lines)  Label the 7 flaps: ribosome, chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vacuole and lysosome.

 On the inside, define and draw the organelle.

Organelle Foldable

 Take a piece of paper and fold it lengthwise (hot dog).

 At the top label: Cell Organelles  On the same side cut the paper into 7 flaps (approximately 4 lines)  Label the 7 flaps: ribosome, chloroplast, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi bodies, vacuole and lysosome.

 On the inside, define and draw the organelle.

NUCLEUS

    Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

  separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

NUCLEOLUS

  Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus

CHROMATIN

  contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins

NUCLEUS

    Directs all cell activities Contains instructions for everything the cell does These instructions are found on a hereditary material called DNA Usually the largest organelle

NUCLEAR MEMBRANE

  separates nucleus from cytoplasm controls movement of materials in & out of nucleus

NUCLEOLUS

  Aka “little nucleus” Found in the nucleus

CHROMATIN

  contains genetic code that controls cell made of DNA & proteins

ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

    A series of folded membranes that move materials (proteins) around in a cell like a conveyor belt

Smooth ER

– ribosomes not attached to ER

Rough ER

– ribosomes attached to ER

RIBOSOMES

   Make proteins Float freely or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ribosomes are made in the nucleolus

GOLGI BODIES

(GAWL jee)

  Stacked flattened membranes Sort and package proteins

VACUOLES

  Temporary storage spaces Store food, water, waste

LYSOSOMES

(LI suh sohmz)

   The word "lysosome" is Latin for "kill body." The purpose of the lysosome is to

digest

things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies.

Break down food molecules, cell wastes & worn out cell parts

CHLOROPLASTS

  Green organelles that make food found only in plant cells

CHLOROPHYLL

   A green pigment that gives leaves & stems their color Captures sunlight energy that is used to produce food called glucose Glucose is a type of sugar

   

MITOCHONDRIA

Organelles that release energy from food This energy is released by breaking down food into carbon dioxide AKA the powerhouse b/c they release energy from food Some muscle cells have 20,000 mitochondria