Transcript Atomic Structure

Unit 3: Periodic Table
and Atom Structure
Comparing Atoms
Periodic Table
Reading the Periodic Table
 What information is shown?
 Atomic Mass
 Atomic Number
 Element Symbol
 Element Name
Periodic Table
Atomic
Number
Element
Name
47
Ag
Silver
107.87
Atomic
Mass
Element
Symbol
Which
is
which?
Periodic Table
Atomic
Number
Element
Name
47
Ag
Silver
107.87
Atomic
Mass
Element
Symbol
Atomic Number
Number of Protons
 What happens if you change
the number of protons?
 Change the element
HUGE amounts of energy
to add or remove.
Periodic Table
Atomic
Number
47
Ag
Silver
107.87
Atomic Mass
 Protons & Neutrons
 Increase by amounts > 1
 Different # of Neutrons in
nucleus.
 Neutrons don’t change charge
of atom
Isotopes
 Atoms with different amounts
of neutrons.
A#
1
1
1
M#
1
2
3
+
-
0
+
-
0
+0
-
Hydrogen-
Hydrogen -
Hydrogen-
proteium
deuterium
tritium
Periodic Table
47
Ag
Silver
107.87
Atomic
Mass
# 0f Neutrons?
 Atomic Mass – Atomic Number
47
-47
Ag
Silver
107.87
108
61
Neutrons
Periodic Table
Atomic
Number
47
Element
Symbol
Ag
Element
Name
Silver
107.87
Atomic
Mass
Electrons ?
 Equal to the Protons
 Electron Cloud
 Never in the same place
 “Buzzing”
 Arranged in energy levels
Electron Levels
 Distance from nucleus increases
energy .
Electron Levels
 The higher the level the more electrons it
can hold.
Electron Levels
 Orbitals
18
18
8
8
2
 We are only concerned with 8
per level
•Period or row # 1-7, the number of electron shells
•Columns 1-8 , Group #’s tell you the # of electrons in the outer shell
1
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
(1)8
2
(1)3 (1)4 (1)5 (1)6 (1)7
Types of Elements
 Metals




Solid at room temp
Conduct heat & electricity
Shiny
bendable
Types of Elements
 Non-Metals
 Gasses or liquids at room temp
 Do not conduct heat or electricity
Types of Elements
 Metalloids
 Next to the crooked line
 Exhibit properties of metals &
nonmetals
Types of Elements
 Transition Elements
 Transitioning from metal to
non-metal
Types of Elements
 Halogens
 Bond easily with groups 1 & 2
to make salts.
Most reactive Non-metals
Types of Elements
 Noble Gasses
 These gasses are inert;
non-reactive
Types of Elements
 Alkali Metals
 Most Reactive Metals
 React with water violently
Types of Elements
 Alkaline Earth Metals
 2nd most Reactive Metals
 React with many things, just not as
much as group 1
Why do atoms react?
 Valance Electrons
 Atoms are stable only when their outer
shell (valance shell) is full.
 Most of the time that means they need 8
valance electrons (Rule of Octet).
 Atoms gain or lose electrons to become
stable during a chemical reaction.
Why do atoms react?
 Gaining or losing electrons requires the same
amount of energy so…
 Atoms will gain or lose electrons based on how
many they have in their outer shell
 Gaining or losing electrons results in a
chemical bond being formed and that atom
becomes an Ion (atom with a charge)
Drawing Atoms
Sodium: Atomic #11
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Assignments:
 Worksheets
 “Unknown Elements”
 “Elements you NEED to know”
 Mr. Bunt will be coming around to grade
your folder. BE READY!!!
Activity
 Pick 4 elements and draw their
structure.(5 min)
 Move all desks to perimeter.
 Class in 2 groups.
 As a group pick an element and “ACT”
out the arrangement of the sub atomic
particles.
 1 person can be the nucleus.
 The other team guesses the element of
the acting team
Electron Actors