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Weed Control in Sod Production Fields
Tim R. Murphy
The University of Georgia
Weed Problems in Sod
Intensive irrigation and fertility effects
Effect of herbicides on sod
Row crop weeds
Common bermudagrass control
Row crop vs. turf herbicides
– Same ai and formulation
Cultural Control
Avoid over-irrigation
Install drainage if needed
Properly mow on schedule
– Will control most tall-growing broadleaf weeds
Maintain pH and fertility
Control insects and diseases
Know weed spectrum
Hit or Miss
Vs.
Planned Program
PrePlant Weed Control
Essential for common bermudagrass control
– Will require one fallow season
Roundup Pro
– Still the best herbicide unless fumigation is used
– Repeat applications will be needed
Roundup Rate and Bermudagrass Control
% Control
53 DAT
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
116 DAT
80
75
58
0
2 qts
0
5 qts
0
10 qts
Roundup Rate/Acre
DAT = Days after Treatment
% Control - 1 YR
Bermuda Control with Roundup – 1 yr.
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
99
65
56
4qt/2X
2qt/3X
Rate Qt/Acre / No. of Apps.
2qt/2X
Bermudagrass Control with Roundup
(averaged across Tifway, Tifgreen, Tifdwarf, Ormond)
Rate (qt.acre) Applications
2
2.0
3
2.0
2
3.0
3
3.0
1
4.0
2
4.0
3
4.0
% Bermuda
Regrowth
47
1
26
1
60
28
2
Applied in late May, late June and Mid-August. Mowed at 1.0 inch.
Rated June of year after application
“Newer” Sod Herbicides
Envoy - centipedegrass
Lontrel
Confront
Drive
Manor, Blade
Corsair
“Newer” Sod Herbicides
Prompt 5L
Label changes for Kerb
Envoy (Valent)
SLN Georgia Label
Centipede sod farms only
Suppresses bermudagrass
Controls annual grasses
Not for use on seed fields
Apply 3 wks after green-up
Delay mowing 7 days before and after
Envoy - Bermuda Suppression
Two applications at 34.0 fl. oz./acre
Four applications at 17.0 fl. oz./acre
1st - 3 to 6 inch bermuda growth
2nd, 3rd, 4th - 3 to 3 inch bermuda growth
Also controls most other annual grasses
Envoy
Clethodim
0.94 lbs./gal. - EC
17.0 to 34.0 fl. oz./acre
Add nonionic surfactant at 0.25% v/v
Sethoxydim (Vantage) - Centipedegrass
Controls annual grasses
Suppresses bahiagrass and bermudagrass
No annual bluegrass control
No nutsedge (nutgrass) control
Vantage - Centipedegrass
No COC needed
Established
Seedling - 3 in. stolon growth
Delay mowing 7 d before and after application
Vantage – Bahiagrass Suppression
2.25 pts./acre
Delay mowing – 7 d before and after application
Repeat application - 10 to 14 days
Bahia must be actively-growing
Lontrel - DowAgrosciences
3.0 lb./gal. clopyralid
Highly active on legumes and aster weeds
Also controls curly dock, smartweed
Rate 1/4 to 1.0 pt./acre
High rate needed for smartweed
Will not control dichondra (ponyfoot)
Turfgrass Tolerance to Lontrel
Turfgrass
Tolerance to Lontrel
Kentucky Bluegrass
T
Tall Fescue
T
Bermudagrass
T
Centipedegrass
T
St. Augustinegrass
T
Zoysiagrass
T
Confront - DowAgrosciences
Triclopyr + clopyralid (2.25 + 0.75 lbs./gal.)
Amine formulation
Active on wide range of broadleaf weeds
Clopyralid highly active on asters and legumes
Triclopyr controls chickweeds, henbit, mat
lippia, lambsquarters, Va. Pepperweed,
shepherdspurse
Turfgrass Tolerance to Confront
Turfgrass
Tolerance to Confront
Kentucky Bluegrass
T
Tall Fescue
T
Bermudagrass
Centipedegrass
I
(avoid summer, greenup)
T
St. Augustinegrass
S
Zoysiagrass
T
Confront
Use 1.0 to 2.0 pts./acre
Use on healthy, well established turf
Delay reseeding for 3 weeks
Mow seedling turf 2 to 3 times before
application
Needs 6 hour rain-free period
Drive - TopPro
Quinclorac 75 DF
Add crop oil concentrate (2.0 pts./acre)
Labeled on tall fescue, Ky. Bluegrass,
zoysiagrass, bermudagrass
DO NOT use on centipedegrass or St.
Augustinegrass
Drive - TopPro
May be used before or after sprigging
zoysiagrass
Controls crabgrass (except smooth), white
clover, hop clovers, speedwell, dollarweed
Torpedograss - requires 2 to 3 applications
Will not control goosegrass
Use with extreme caution near tomatoes, bell
peppers, etc.
Manor, Blade
Metsulfuron 60 DF
Excellent option for ‘Pensacola’ bahiagrass and
broadleaf control in warm-season turfgrasses
Do not use on bahiagrass
Low rate - < 1.0 oz. product/acre
Use only 0.25 to 0.5 oz/acre on centipede
Use with nonionic surfactant
Corsair - Riverdale
Chlorsulfuron 75%
Used primarily for spot control of clumpy tall
fescue in bermuda, zoysia, centipede, St.
Augustine, Ky. Bluegrass – works slowly
Avoid transition applications on centipede,
zoysia, St. Augustine
Repeat application in 60 d
Add NIS at ¼ to 1/3 fl. oz./gallon of spray mix
Prompt - TopPro
Pre-mix of bentazon+atrazine (2.5 lbs./gal. each)
Labeled for bermuda, centipede, St. Augustine,
zoysia (some injury to bermuda)
Good option for yellow nutsedge, kyllinga, globe
sedge, and numerous broadleaf weeds
May be used 10 d after sprigging
2.4 pts./acre, repeat 7 to 10 d later for sedges
Kerb – Rohm & Haas
Label expanded to include centipede, St.
Augustine and zoysia
Perennial ryegrass removal – apply at 50%
green-up growth stage
Poa annua control during winter months
Needs rainfall or irrigation event (0.25 in.)
within 24 to 48 hrs
At-Sprigging Options
Ronstar 2G - bermuda, zoysia, paspalum
Ronstar 50WSP - bermuda
Atrazine - centipede, St. Augustine, zoysia
Simazine - centipede, St. Augustine, zoysia
Ronstar 2G and 50WSP - At Sprigging
2G - 100 to 150 lbs./acre
50WSP - 4.0 to 6.0 lbs./acre
Apply immediately before or after sprigging
Pre-sprigging (1 day before sprigging slightly
safer than post-sprigging)
Irrigate ASAP for best results
Atrazine and Simazine - At Sprigging
Centipede, St. Augustine, zoysia
Atrazine - labeled up to April 15
Simazine - labeled up to June 1
Do not apply within 30 days before lifting
Apply 2 days after lifting sod on old beds - FL
Apply 7 to 10 days after sprigging - FL
TOLERANCE OF NEWLY-SPRIGGED CENTIPEDEGRASS TO
ATRAZINE AND SIMAZINE
CENTIPEDEGRASS
GROUND COVER (%)
WKS AFTER
HERBICIDE QTS./ACRE SPRIGGING
ATRAZINE
1.0
0
2.0
0
1.0
0,3
SIMAZINE
1.0
0
2.0
0
1.0
0,3
NONE
1
JOHNSON, 1976
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15 WAT
24
30
20
30
26
25
21 WAT
39
47
37
45
50
43
12
15
The majority of herbicides used in turfgrasses for preemergence
annual grass control are dinitroanilines and dithiopyr
DNA’s
Barricade
Pendulum
Surflan
Balan
Treflan
Dimension
Best used on
established turf.
Mitotic inhibitors.
Relatively immobile
in the soil
Minimal use in sod
fields
DNA and Dimension root inhibition
pendimethalin on
zoysiagrass
Surflan on St.
Augustinegrass
Swollen, club shaped roots
Dimension on
bermudagrass
Sedge Herbicides - Turfgrasses
Basagran T/O - yellow, annual sedges
Manage - yellow, purple, annual sedges
MSMA/DSMA - yellow, purple, annual sedges
Image - yellow, purple, annual sedges
Pennant - yellow, annual sedges
2,4-D - yellow, very poor activity
UGA Turf Weed Science Web Page
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UGA turf weed science recommendations
links to herbicide labels, MSDS
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