Transcript Developments on the Front End of Your ICP

Developments on the
Front End of Your ICP
Optimizing Performance and
Reliability of ICP-AES and ICP-MS
ICP Sample Intro Advances
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Advances in Concentric Glass nebulizers
Low-Flow & Microflow nebulizers
Advances in Cyclonic Spray Chambers
New RF Coils
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Concentric Glass Nebulizers
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Self-aspirating via Bernoulli principle
High precision
Small mean droplet size
Small orifices
Not applicable to all samples
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
VitriCone™ Capillary
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Concentric Glass Nebulizers
Internal Capillary Comparison
VitriCone
Drawn Capillary
• Rugged thick-walled
• Thin-walled capillary
conical construction
• Drawn glass from tubing
• Machined from heavy
• Variable internal channel
stock
• Uniform internal channel
• Nebulizer conformity
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Nebulizer Specifications
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Nebulizer Maintenance
Eluo™ Nebulizer Cleaner
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Rugged plastic construction
Large volume barrel
Nebulizer locking mechanism
Remove stubborn clogs
Maintain with daily cleaning
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Low-Flow Nebulizers
• Small mean droplet
size
• Reduced solvent in
the plasma
• Increased sampling
efficiency
• Reduced oxide
formation
• Increased efficiency
of excitation and
ionization
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Applications of Low-Flow Nebulizers
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Limited sample volumes
Volatile samples
Reduced oxide interferences in ICP-MS
Expensive waste disposal
ICP-MS-LC interface
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Comparison of Nebulizer Efficiency
60
50
40
%EFFICIENCY
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E
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0.03
0.11
0.27
0.5
0.61
1.4
UPTAKE RATE (ML/MIN)
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
2.1
Comparison of Nebulizer Signal
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0.050ml/min uptake
50% efficient
.025ml/min in the plasma
.025ul/min to waste
Glass Expansion
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2ml/min uptake
2% efficient
.040ul/min in the plasma
1.96 ml/min to waste
ICP Front-end Developments
Range of Low-Flow Nebulizers
Uptake Rates (ml/min)
• 0.050
• 0.100
• 0.200
• 0.400
• 0.600
Glass Expansion
Composition
• Glass - MicroMist™
• PFA - OpalMist™
• Polyimide - PolyCon™
ICP Front-end Developments
Cyclonic Spray Chambers
• Quickly removes large
droplets
• Less opportunity for
agglomeration of small
drops
• Improved homogeneity
of sample mist
• Greater efficiency
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Spray Chamber Mechanism
Cyclonic
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Twister Cyclonic Spray Chamber
• Internal baffle further
filters droplet size
• Slightly less efficient
• Smaller mean droplet
size decreases noise
• Baffle height precisely
controlled
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Decreased Dead Volume
Spray Chamber Adaptor
• Inert plastic material
• Nebulizer port oversized
• No opportunity for
solution pooling
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Helix O-ring Free Spray Chamber
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PFA ferrule seals spray chamber
Solution contacts only PFA and glass
Available for all glass spray chambers
Even less opportunity for pooling
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
New RF Coils
• Available in 3 surfaces
– Copper (base) for
economy
– Silver plated for efficient
RF transfer
– Gold plated for corrosion
resistance
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Specifications of a “Good” RF Coil
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Roundness
Appropriate coating
Application of the coating
Coil spacing
Proper installation and alignment
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
RF Coils
Installation & Alignment Kit
• Alignment “jig”
• All tools required
Glass Expansion
CD ROM with graphical
instructions
ICP Front-end Developments
Benefits of Using a “Good” Coil
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Longer life of PA tube and FET’s
Longer life of torches
Potentially higher intensities for “hard” lines
Improved ionization for refractories
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Choosing the Right Parts
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Conikal
MicroMist
Slurry
SeaSpray
Quartz VeeSpray
PolyCon
OpalMist
Ceramic VeeSpray
Glass Expansion
• Tracey
• Twister
• Cinnabar
• Twinnabar
 Borosilicate glass
Quartz
HF Resistant
Jacketed
ICP Front-end Developments
Selection Guides
Simplify
The process
Of choosing
The correct
Parts for each
Application
Glass Expansion
Nebulizer Selection for HF
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Nebulizer Selection for non-HF
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Spray Chamber Selection (Organics)
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments
Spray Chamber Selection (Aqueous)
Glass Expansion
ICP Front-end Developments