Transcript Musculoskeletal Kinesiology
Spine and Thorax
Kinesiology Flash Cards
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Directions
• The first slide asks a question. • The second slide answers the question. • Use these slides like flash cards to test your core knowledge.
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Question
• Arrange these erector spinae muscles from lateral to medial • Iliocostalis • Spinalis • Longissimus
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Answer
• From lateral to medial, the erector spinae muscles are • Iliocostalis • Longissimus • Spinalis
Mnemonic Device: I Like Standing.
Remembering that spinalis is closest to the spine is also helpful.
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Question
• What is the action of the erector spinae muscles?
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Answer
• Extension of the spinal column. – It also prevents flexion of the spine.
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Question
• What is the antagonist of the erector spinae muscles?
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Action
• Rectus abdominis
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Question
• Which abdominal muscle has an action of contralateral rotation when unilaterally contracting?
a. Internal abdominal oblique b. External abdominal oblique c. Transversus abdominis d. Rectus abdominis
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Answer
a. Internal abdominal oblique
b. External abdominal oblique
c. Transversus abdominis d. Rectus abdominis
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Question
• Which abdominal muscle has an action of ipsilateral rotation when unilaterally contracting?
a. Internal abdominal oblique b. External abdominal oblique c. Transversus abdominis d. Rectus abdominis
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Answer
a. Internal abdominal oblique
b. External abdominal oblique c. Transversus abdominis d. Rectus abdominis
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Question
The groove formed by the spinous and transverse processes in the thoracic and lumbar region of the spine is called ______.
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Answer
The lamina groove
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Question
The superior portion of the sternum, which articulates with the clavicles and the first and second ribs, is called the ______.
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Manubrium
Answer
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Question
The inferior portion of the sternum that serves as an attachment site for the abdominal aponeurosis is called ______.
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Answer
The xiphoid process
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Question
Which group of muscles runs from the sacrum to the occiput along the posterior aspect of the vertebral column?
a. Quads b. Hamstrings c. Abdominals d. Erector spinae
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Answer
a. Quads b. Hamstrings c. Abdominals d.
Erector spinae
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Question
Of the three muscles that make up the erector spinae group, which lies closest to the spine?
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Spinalis
Answer
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Question
Explain the general actions of the erector spinae group.
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Answer
• Bilaterally: – Extends the vertebral column • Unilaterally – Laterally flexes the vertebral column to the same side
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Question
The transversospinalis group is composed of which three muscles?
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• Multifidi • Rotatores • Semispinalis
Answer
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Question
Explain the general actions of the multifidi and rotatores.
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Answer
1. Extend the vertebral column 2. Rotate the vertebral column to the opposite side.
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Question
What is the action of the semispinalis?
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Answer
Extend the vertebral column and head.
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Question
The fibers of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis do not run parallel to the spine like the other back muscles. Which direction do the fibers run?
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Obliquely
Answer
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Question
The splenius capitis is deep to the rhomboids and trapezius, but is superficial between which two muscles?
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Answer
Trapezius and sternocleidomastoid.
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Question
Define the actions of splenius capitis and splenius cervicis.
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Answer
• Unilaterally – Rotate the head to the same side – Laterally flex the head and neck • Bilaterally – Extend the head and neck
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Question
These eight small muscles are the deepest in the posterior neck. They help to stabilize the axis and atlas and rock or tilt the head. What are they?
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Answer
The suboccipitals
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Question
The individual names of the suboccipitals are ______.
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Answer
• Rectus capitis posterior major • Rectus capitis posterior minor • Oblique capitis superior • Oblique capitis inferior
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Question
Quadratus lumborum is the deepest muscle of the: a. Thigh b. Abdomen c. Low back d. Forearm
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Answer
a. Thigh
b. Abdomen
c. Low back d. Forearm
While it seems like the QL is the deepest muscle of the low back, it is actually considered the deepest muscle of the abdomen.
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Question
The actions of the quadratus lumborum are ______.
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Answer
• Unilaterally – Elevates the hip – Laterally flexes the vertebral column – Assists in extension of the vertebral column • Bilaterally – Fixes the last rib during respiration
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Question
The origin of the quadratus lumborum is: a. Posterior iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament b. Last rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 c.
Last rib, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 d. Posterior iliac crest and the last rib
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Answer
a. Posterior iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament
b. Last rib, transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 c.
Last rib, spinous processes of lumbar vertebrae 1-4 d. Posterior iliac crest and the last rib
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Question
The term
abdominals
refers to what four muscles?
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Answer
• Rectus abdominis • External oblique • Internal oblique • Transverse abdominis
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Question
Which of the four abdominal muscles have fibers that run straight up and down?
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Answer
Rectus abdominis
The word
rectus
means straight in Latin. Anytime a muscle has the name
rectus,
it indicates that the muscle fibers run vertically.
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Question
Which muscle is the primary muscle of respiration?
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The diaphragm
Answer
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Question
What is the action of the diaphragm?
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Answer
• Draws down the central tendon of the diaphragm • Increases the volume of the thoracic cavity
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Question
• The small, slender muscles between the ribs are named ______.
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The intercostals
Answer
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Question
The actions of the intercostals are ______.
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Answer
• External Intercostals – Draw the ventral area of the ribs upward to increase the space of the thoracic cavity • Internal Intercostals – Draw the ventral part of the ribs downward to decrease the space of the thoracic cavity
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Question
Define the term
ligamentum nuchae.
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Answer
The ligamentum nuchae is the connective tissue that runs from the external occipital protuberance to the spinous process of C 7 in the neck. It stabilizes the head and neck and serves as an attachment site for muscles like the trapezius.
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Question
Define the term
thoracolumbar aponeurosis
.
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Answer
The thoracolumbar aponeurosis is a broad, flat tendon that stretches across the thorax and lumbar regions.
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