Current Concepts in Physical Therapy for People with Parkinson`s
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Transcript Current Concepts in Physical Therapy for People with Parkinson`s
Current Concepts in Physical
Therapy for People with
Parkinson’s Disease
Tim Pazier, MPT
Franciscan Health System
PWR! certified clinician
LSVT BIG certified clinician
“Lack of activity destroys the good condition
of
every human being, while movement and methodical
physical exercise save it and preserve it”
Plato
Overview
The effect of Parkinson’s disease (PD) on
movement
The role of physical therapy in PD
Exercise principles to improve function
Framework for exercise and PD
The effect of PD on movement
Progressive neurodegenerative disease
Motor deficits:
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slowness of movement (bradykinesia)
decreased amplitude (hypokinesia)
rigidity, tremor
decreased balance/postural reactions
freezing
postural changes
The effect of PD on movement
Non-motor deficits that impact
movement:
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altered sensory perception/activation
difficulty changing strategies
difficulty dividing attention
poor self-monitoring
reduced vitality
depression, anxiety elevated
PD and Physical Therapy
Historically: Physical Therapy prescribed
once person is falling
By then, > 70% loss of dopamine cells
Ideally, we want people in therapy at the
first signs of the disease
Physical Therapy (PT)
Role of the physical therapist:
◦ prescribes therapy based on movement
analysis and patient goals
◦ assesses equipment needs
◦ advise home modifications as needed
◦ help teach caregivers/family ways to assist the
person with PD (cueing as needed)
Goals of PT
Slow sensorimotor deterioration
Prevent falls
Establish home exercise program that
challenges the person with PD
Follow up every 3-6 months
The science behind exercise
Neuroplasticity – changes in brain
connections that restores or compensates for
lost function.
Neuroprotection – changes in brain
connections that spares, rejuvenates, or slows
their degeneration.
Science, exercise, and PD - in the lab
Exercise may slow, halt, or reverse the
progression of PD in animal studies:
◦ protection of viable dopamine
neurons (neuroprotection)
◦ restoring compromised neural pathways
(neuroplasticity)
◦ increasing reliance on undamaged
systems (neuroplasticity)
Science, exercise, and PD - in the lab
Findings in the lab can be applied in the
clinic
Changes in brain function can be seen
indirectly:
◦ Improved balance
◦ Increased speed and amplitude of movement
◦ Decreased freezing
Principles of recovery and improved
function
Use it or lose it!
◦ inactivity contributes to PD
Use it AND improve it!
◦ extended training can strengthen neural
connections
Continuous exercise matters
◦ gains will be lost if exercise stopped
Principles of recovery and improved
function
Timing matters
◦ starting earlier better
◦ gains can be made even in advanced PD
Importance of salience
◦ exercise needs to be relevant to the person
Push the effort!
◦ activity beyond self-selected effort
Principles of recovery and improved
function
Repetition key for learning
◦ lots of practice needed
Specificity matters
◦ therapy should focus on what is difficult
Empower
◦ people with PD CAN get better
Exercise and Physical Therapy
No one exercise program found to be the
best approach
However, HOW you exercise is the key…
Parkinson’s Wellness Recovery (PWR!)
(see www.nfnw.org )
Parkinson’s Wellness Recovery
(PWR!)
NOT a specific exercise regimen, BUT a
framework for treatment
Utilizes the latest research
Can be incorporated into any exercise
regimen
PWR! Framework for PD
Prepare!
Activate!
Reflect!
Motivate!
Prepare!
Remove fear of movement
Simplify movements
Focus attention
Movements modeled to enhance
awareness
Cardio training to “prime the pump”
Alignment important
Activate!
Push effort BEYOND self-selected
Whole body movements via PWR!
MOVES - building blocks for function
May need cues for completing movement
Add complexity (dual task), duration
(sustain holds), intensity (effort to 8/10 on
a 0-10 scale)
Reflect!
Increase awareness of movements
Help identify normal performance
Reduce reliance of vision
Goal is to internalize and self-cue
movements:
“step BIG”
“reach BIG”
“turn BIG”
Motivate!
People with PD need external motivation
◦ Dopamine helps drive motivation
Must be salient to the person
“I want to work on moving better so I
can play tennis again”
“I want to walk with my wife/husband”
Goal is to empower!
Types of exercises/treatment
approaches for PD
Treadmill
Tai chi
Boxing
Tango
Tandem cycling (forced spinning)
Nordic walking
Sensorimotor agility program
Auditory cueing - metronome
LSVT LOUD/BIG
LSVT LOUD/BIG
LSVT = Lee Silverman Voice Treatment
LOUD/BIG focuses on:
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high effort
single attentional focus (AMPLITUDE)
overlearned movements
LOTS of repetition
sensory awareness retraining
LSVT LOUD/BIG
Outcomes:
◦ LOUD participants able to sustain
loudness 2 yrs after training
◦ BIG participants exhibit faster gait and bigger
strides, improved reaching, improved trunk
rotation
PWR! MOVES
concepts that can be incorporated
into any exercise program
PWR! Hands
PWR! Reach
PWR!
Reach
PWR!
Reach
PWR!
Rock
PWR! Rock
PWR!
Twist
PWR! Step
PWR!
Turn
PWR! Voice
Can be added to any PWR! Moves
Voice adds attentional and physical effort
Promotes greater activation (as seen in
LSVT LOUD/BIG hybrid)
Focus on breath with movement
important
PWR! progression
PWR! Moves are the building blocks for
function
Functional activities (examples):
- getting in/out of bed
- sitting standing
- walking
Progress to sports, hobbies, recreation
PWR! video
What we want…
HIGH effort
Awareness of movement
Work towards whole body movements
Translate movements into functional
activities
Self cueing/monitoring
Support of caregivers/family to reinforce
NO days off, no excuses!!!
People with PD CAN get better and
STAY better longer with exercise!!!