JTS SafGen UV-OX

Chlorine Dioxide Generator

Background

• Chlorine dioxide has been used for over 100 years. It is more selective than chlorine or bromines and remains effective at low concentrations. Chlorine dioxide is a wide spectrum biocide, effective over a broad pH range, and is a superior product for the control of Legionella.

• Chlorine dioxide penetrates the bacterial cell wall and reacts with amino acids to kill the organism.

Chlorine Dioxide vs. Chlorine Many treatment programs operate with pH in the range of 8.0-8.5. At pH 6.0, chlorine hydrolyzes to hypochlorous acid (HOCI), which is its effec tive form. At a pH of 8.5, only 8% goes to HOCI, thus requiring a much higher dosage to control algae and slime. Chlorine dioxide retains efficacy over a wide pH range and provides superior biocide control at a fraction of the chlorine dosage. The smaller dosage makes chlorine dioxide more cost effective.

Chlorine dioxide excels in ammoniated systems and where process leaks create high demands for chlorine. Chlorine dioxide does not react with ammonia and is more selective in its reactivity, thus minimizing the dosage and the possible formation of chlorinated organics in the blowdown.

Chlorine Dioxide – Physical Properties

• • • • • • • Chemical Formula = ClO 2 Does not react w/ water A true dissolved gas in solution 2.5 times the oxidizing capacity of Chlorine A strong oxidizer A potent microbiocide Must be generated at point of use

Chlorine Dioxide Benefits

• • • • • • • • • • • Selective disinfecting oxidant Rapid kill rate at low ppm Broad-range bacteria, fungi & virus destruction Penetrates & sluffs biofilm, killing resident organisms Does not form trihalomethanes (THM’s) Does not react with ammonia or chlorinated organics Does not form hypochlorous acid or free chlorine Is less corrosive than chlorine Oxidizes manganese, iron, phenols, sulfides, cyanides Able to oxidize odor-causing substances Remains effective across broad pH range

Why Isn’t Chlorine Dioxide More Widely Used?

Federal law prohibits the transportation of chlorine dioxide gas, therefore it must be produced at the point of use. Large-scale water treatment systems use complex and expensive acid-based chlorine dioxide generators. Typically, these methods require multiple hazardous precursors. Chlorine dioxide historically has been considered a viable option when the amount of water requiring treatment warranted the expense, danger, complexity and maintenance concerns of a large-scale generator.

Chlorine Dioxide – Other Methods

Sodium Chlorite plus Chlorine 2NaClO 2 + Cl 2 2 ClO 2 + 2NaCl Bleach plus Hydrochloric Acid 2NaClO 2 + NaOCl + 2HCl 2ClO 2 + 3NaCl + H 2 O 5NaClO 2 + 4HCl 4ClO 2 + 5NaCl +2H 2 O

In Summary…

• • • • • • • • Has to be generated on-site 2-3 chemical precursors required Complicated, expensive feed equipment Dangerous to produce Current systems are highly corrosive Labor-intensive and high-maintenance costs Requires qualified manpower - 24/7 monitoring No effective systems for under 2 lbs./day

Finally….

The SafGen Chlorine Dioxide Generator

overcomes the barriers of:

Hazard Expense Maintenance Complexity Size

SafGen Chlorine Dioxide Generator

The

SafGen UV-OX

generator safely produces a direct feed, dilute aqueous chlorine dioxide solution using ultraviolet energy in reaction w/ sodium chlorite.

JTS SafGen UV-OX C hlorine Dioxide- Our Way

NaClO 2 UV Light ClO 2 + Na +

JTS SafGen Features

• Single Chemical Precursor • Safe generation using UV light • Adjustable Dosage Settings • Feed Range – up to 2 lbs./day • “No Flow – No Feed” Design

Outlet R X C A R T R I D G E Rotameter ELE Ctrl Timer Pump NaClO2 Drum Solenoid Valve Filter Shutoff Valve Inlet

JTS SafGen – Benefits

• • • • • • • • • • • Easily integrated into your current treatment program Effective elimination of biofilm Safe concentrations of chlorine dioxide Can function as-needed, according to demand Single chemical precursor No acid, no bleach, no chlorine gas Less corrosive than other generation systems Generation process does not affect pH levels Small footprint, self-contained weather resistant cabinet Straight-forward installation Easily maintained by building engineer or service provider

Riverway Cooling Tower

Villa D’Este Cooling Tower

Villa D’Este Before Chlorine Dioxide

Villa D’Este Chlorine Dioxide Before After

Biocidal Control Benefits

Uncontrolled growth of microorganisms can lead to: higher water and energy costs shortened equipment life increased health risks Biofilm can : impede heat transfer and water flow serve as site for scale formation promote under-deposit corrosion prevent function of scale and corrosion inhibitors sequester infectious bacteria such as Legionella

SafGen Operation Conditions for more than 1.0 lbs/day chlorine dioxide

• The water flow rate should be set to 60 gph • The proportional pump is preset at the factory to feed +/- 435 ppm sodium chlorite (1,740 ppm of Sodium chlorite solution) • The reactor will produce 1.6 lbs/day of chlorine dioxide

SafGen Operation Conditions for less than 1.0 lbs/day chlorine dioxide

• Reset the proportional pump to feed +/- 270 ppm sodium chlorite (1,080 ppm of Sodium chlorite solution) • The water flow rate should be set to 70 gph • The reactor will produce 1.2 lbs/day of chlorine dioxide

Lbs of Chlorine Dioxide/Ton of Refrigeration

2.000

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

0.800

0.600

0.400

0.200

0.000

0 150% of normal demand. Summer operation.

500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Refrigeration Tons/Day

50% of normal demand. Winter operation 3000 3500 4000

$20.00

$18.00

$16.00

$14.00

$12.00

$10.00

$8.00

$6.00

$4.00

$2.00

$0.00

0

$'s/day of Sodium Chlorite/Ton of Refrigeration

500 150% of normal demand. Summer operation.

1000 1500 2000 2500

Refrigeration Tons/Day

50% of normal demand. Winter operation.

3000 3500 4000

JTS SafGen UV-OX Applications

• Commercial Cooling Towers • Legionella Contaminated Systems • Decorative/Ornamental Fountains • Odor control – hydrogen sulfide, organo-sulfur • Destruction of phenols and mercaptans • Color removal and bleaching • Surface disinfection

JTS SafGen UV-OX Patent Pending and © JTS Enterprises, Inc. 2004 Patent Protection The process and apparatus described in this presentation is protected by US and foreign patent applications. The owners of the disclosed technology will use all means, including injunctions and the levying of damages, to prevent any unauthorized use of the disclosed technology

Order Information JTS Enterprises, Inc.

4600 Post Oak Place Suite 153 Houston, Texas 77027 Phone: 713-621-6740 Fax: 713-621-2454 e-mail: [email protected]