Powerpoint Slide Set [, 6mb]
Download
Report
Transcript Powerpoint Slide Set [, 6mb]
Entrainment Technologies
› Audio Entrainment
› Audio-Visual Entrainment
Questions
Heart Rate Variability Biofeedback
› Live Demonstration
› Questions
Using auditory signals
to influence
brainwaves
“relaxation” CD’s
2 (or more) parts
› Frequency tones
› Masking music
Presentation of a
sound (click)
Brain responds in
consistent way
If sounds are evenly
spaced
Can induce specific
frequency
Isochronic Tones
› Evenly spaced tones
› Turn on and off
quickly
› Produce strong
evoked response
› Psychologically
appealing
› Tone frequency
entrains brainwaves
“Frequency following
response”
2 different tones at
slightly different
pitches into separate
ears
Brain subtracts
difference and
perceives as sound
within head
“phantom sound”
Binaural is unlikely to produce significant
BWE, but can by hypnotic and relaxing
Isochronic tones are strongly entraining
Mixed-Bag
Audio used binaural rather than isochronic
Small sample size
Varied frequencies (3 hz vs. 10 hz)
Single Session studies
See Huang, T. & Charyton, C. (2008). A comprehensive review of the
psychological effects of brainwave entrainment. Alternative Therapies
Sep/Oct, Vol. 14, No. 5.
Randomized, double-blind
104 patients undergoing general
anesthesia for surgery
When listening to music CD with binaural
beats, anxiety decreased by 26.3%
(p=.001) compared to control
Patients that listened to CD without BB,
anxiety decreased by 11% (p=.15)
Control group (TV or read), anxiety
decreased 3.8%
Easily available
› downloadable
Cost effective
› Costs generally range from free to $20
Portable
› iPod
› Smart phone
Applications
› Test preparation
› Sleep
Internet search
› “relaxation CD’s
using isochronic
tones”
› Hemi-sync.com
› Eoinstitute.org
› Musicmefree.com
Phone apps
› Brainwave Tuner
› Brain Booster
Light and Sound Stimulation
Glasses flash lights at specific frequency
Tones in headphones at same frequency
Brain waves match these frequencies
› Entrainment
› Increases or decreases nervous system
arousal.
Audio Visual Entrainment
Eyes-closed 18.5 hz photic entrainment
› Increased 18.5 hz EEG by 49%
Eyes-open 18.5 hz auditory entrainment
› Increased 18.5 hz EEG by 27%
Eyes-closed 18.5 hz auditory entrainment
› Increased 18.5 hz EEG by 21%
Frederick, Lubar, Rasey, Brim, & Blackburn (1999). Effects of 18.5 Hz
Audiovisual Stimulation on EEG Amplitude at the Vertex. Proceedings
AAPB Thirteenth Anniversary Annual Meeting, 42-45.
Gently turn off mental chatter
› Stimulus overload leading to mental
“confusion”
› Possibly hypnotic induction
› The brain “let’s go”
Apply BWE later in session
Beta (14-30)-stimulating, good for ADHD
Alpha (8-13)-use first, best entrainment,
good for deep relaxation
Theta (4-7)-forming new habits,
repressed memories, sleep
Delta (1-3)-going to bed
Dual Stimulation-left/right hemisphere
Ganzfeld Stimulation-passive, nonentraining, repetitive
NFB and AVE to increase alpha and decrease high beta for anxiety
Adult Woman, Excessive Worry, Strong Emotional Reactions
Relaxation Training
ADHD and Learning
Depression
Anxiety
Autism Spectrum Disorders
Seasonal Affective Disorder
TMJ
Chronic Pain/Fibromyalgia
Comprehensive Review of Research:
Consistent, positive findings:
› Verbal Skills
› Attention
› Memory
› Stress/Anxiety
› Pain
› Behavior (in children)
113 college students
4 groups: worry exposure, expressive
writing, AVE, control
Each practiced 3x/week
Worry exposure and AVE showed
significant improvements in all measures
compared to other groups
AVE had best follow-through
www.mindalive.com
www.toolsforwellness.com
The process of
measuring and
displaying physiological
processes with the goal
of increased awareness
and control.
› Increased awareness of
physiological processes
› Voluntary control over
body and mind
Muscle activity (EMG)
Skin Temperature
Electrodermal Activity (GSR, SCR)
Respiration/Capnometry
Heart Rate Variability
Blood Pressure
Brain Electrical Activity (EEG)
Brain Blood Flow (HEG)
HRV = heart rate
changes with every
heartbeat.
HRV should not be
confused with heart
rate
HRV is associated with
autonomic nervous
system functioning
› Balance between SNS
and PNS = High HRV
› Sympathetic
activation = Low HRV
HRV is an important indicator of both
physiological resiliency and behavioral
flexibility.
Low HRV is associated as an independent
predictor of future health problems.
HRV can be thought of as a general
measure of adaptability
› Diminished HRV a sign of vulnerability to stress
5-8 breaths per minute for balanced nervous
system
Paced diaphragmatic breathing restores
synchrony between respiratory and
cardiovascular systems (Gervitz, 1999)
› 6 breaths per min seems ideal for synchrony
Should feel comfortable and not forced
Advanced: exhale longer than inhalation
Externally Paced
› 6 breaths/minute
› Coherence Coach
› DoAsOne (www.doasone.com)
Phone Apps
› BreathBiofeedback (Free)
› Breath Pacer Lite (Free)
› MyCalmBeat (Free)
› DoAsOne (Free through iTunes)
Reduced anxiety immediately after 10
minute practice in college students
(Tarrant, 2011)
Reduced anxiety improved mood in
highly anxious college students after 4
weeks (Henriques, et. al., 2011)
15 min. of RSA biofeedback resulted in
significant shifts in brain functioning in
areas associated with stress response
(Sherlin, et. al., 2010)
Self-service
Individual sessions
Biofeedback Lab
Classes (3-weeks)
Embedded in existing classes
For credit class (1 credit hour)
www.Heartmath.com
› (emWave)
www.resperate.com
www.stresseraser.com
Audio Programs
› www.hemi-sync.com
› www.EOInstitute.org
› www.musicmefree.com
Audio Visual Entrainment
› www.mindalive.com
› www.toolsforwellness.com
HRV and RSA Biofeedback
› www.heartmath.com
› www.resperate.com
› www.stresseraser.com