Transcript Anti-plagiarism and citation order/Referencing techniques H. A. Liyai

ANTI-PLAGIARISM AND CITATION
ORDER/REFERENCING
TECHNIQUES
H. A. LIYAI
UNIVERSITY OF NAIROBI LIBRARY
1
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
1
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
Presented at
University of Nairobi, Board of
Postgraduate Studies, workshop on
Postgraduate supervision, held on
December 10, 2013 at the Central Catering
Unit
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
2
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
A. PLAGIARISM
 Definition
• The action or practice of taking someone else’s work, idea,
etc and passing it as one’s own
• It is simply literary theft (O.E. Dictionary 2000)
• In academic institutions, it is a vice which negatively
impacts on the advancement of both the institution and
the individual.
• The University community as a whole has to deal with
plagiarism issues
• The Library as custodian of information resources has the
responsibility to ensure prudent use of the resources
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
3
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
ANTI-PLAGIARISM
TRAINING
 9 February 2012: Office of the DVC, RPE
• Training for Senate members at School of Computing
and Informatics
• Practicals on plagiarism check tools
• Subsequent training of staff carried out by Library
Department.
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
4
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
UON POLICY ON PLAGIARISM
 30th August 2012 VC appointed Committee
1.
Prof. J. Mariara - School of Economics - Chair
2.
Prof. Otieno Odek - School of Law
3.
Prof. J. Ochanda - CEBIB
4. Dr. D. Ongore - School of Public Health
5.
Dr. L. Ikamari 6. Prof. E. Mutitu - BPS
7.
Mrs. J. Were – Library
8. Mr. H. A. Liyai - “
9. Mr. J. Mwangi - “
10. Ms. E. Obachi - “

Product: UON Plagiarism Policy, March 2013 (on UON Intranet)
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
5
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
UON PLAGIARISM POLICY

•
•
•
•
•
•
•

Objectives:
Maintenance of academic integrity
Strengthen innovativeness
Encourage creativity
Set rules for detecting, prevention and addressing plagiarism
Establish mechanisms for reporting plagiarism
Develop procedures for dealing with cases of plagiarism
Operate within legal framework
- Compliance with various Acts, Constitution and other UON
Policies – IP, Research, etc
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
6
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
FORMS OF PLAGIARISM
 Spells out 15 forms touching on students, researchers,
supervisors, submission of papers, publishing, etc.
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
7
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
POLICY STATEMENT
• Spells out 12 mechanisms to ensure detection,
prevention and dealing with arising cases
• Awareness raising
• Committees at College level
• Procedures for detecting plagiarism
• Procedures for dealing with students’ and staffs’
works
• Penalties
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
8
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
APPENDICES:
 Four forms for students and staff covering:
Declaration – originality of work
• Plagiarism incident reporting form
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
9
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
Implementation of Policy:
Library Strategies

•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Short term:
Use of notice-board for relevant notices
Use of E-mails (intranets) to alert the community on policies
Formal meetings of University boards
Help – desk platform
Students’ handbooks and brochures
Communication skills/orientation sessions
Open days and publicity events
Procurement of anti-plagiarism software, Turnitin-in process
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
10
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
Implementation of Policy:
Library Strategies

•
•
•
•
Long term:
Develop UON citation manual/Policy
Explore – subscription to mobile alert services.
Update Library rules to capture plagiarism issues
Create a Library Unit to support Research Proposal
writing and information search
• Formalise Information Literacy programmes
incorporating plagiarism issues
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
11
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
B. CITATION
ORDER/REFERENCING
TECHNIQUES
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
12
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
KNOWLEDGE
• “I stood on the shoulders of giants to see far” Isaac Newton
• Knowledge is cumulative – we build an existing stock of
knowledge
• Re-inventing the wheel or Redesigning for changing
terrains?
• Therefore acknowledge the contributors
• Citation in all forms: Bibliographies, References,
Quotations, Footnotes, etc
• Impact: Quality literature analysis, research output and
standards of presentation
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
13
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
IMPORTANCE
• Given Information explosion, provides quick access to
information sources
• Acknowledge sources used:
- Intellectual honesty c.f. plagiarism
- Attribution and credit
- Assumed permission under copyright conventions
• Give authority – Newton’s giants
• Access to sources for further research, reading, critiques
• Academic standards and requirements
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
14
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
CITATION STYLES AND
STANDARDS
•
•
•
•
Evolved and designed by institutions
Ensure easy access
Ensure accuracy
Ensure consistency – Left Hand Drive or Right Hand
Drive
• Set essential bibliographic details
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
15
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
STYLE MANUALS
• Issued by establishments – publishing, printing, research, professional
bodies
• Guidance on typography, spelling, capitalization, punctuation, bibliographic
description
• Quality and consistency of output
• Examples:
 Harvard, Chicago, Modern Language Association (MLA), American
Psychological Association (APA), British Standards Institution, Cambridge
handbook
 Important:
- Consistency for whichever used
- Local adoption and customizing
- Individual researcher’s preferences
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
16
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
SOURCES CITED
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Books
Chapters
Articles
Reports
Conference papers
Newspaper article
Audiovisual materials
Internet
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
17
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
BIBLIOGRAPHIC DETAILS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Authorship – Individuate, corporate, editor, compiler
Title – Main, Sub-, Parallel
Place – City/Town
Publisher
Year
Edition
Pagination
Series
Illustrations
Appendices
Accompanying materials
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
18
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
STRATEGY
• Good citation does not start after writing a paper
• Starts at the conceptualization stage of the research
problem
• Think about what you have read, literature
search/surveys, writings, bibliographies, etc
• Note-taking and bibliographic details of works used is
essential
• On-line tools e.g. Endnote, Research notebooks
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
19
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
SOME REFERENCES
• Neville, Colin “The complete guide to referencing and
avoiding plagiarism”. McGraw Hill, 2nd ed. 2010
• Online sources – various other style guides based on
conventional styles
• “APA style guide-electronic references” 6th ed. 2012
• Mooney, H. and M.P. Parker, The anatomy of a data
citation “Journal of Librarianship and Scholarly
Comm.”, (1) 2012
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
20
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke
THANK YOU
University of Nairobi
ISO 9001:2008
21
Certified
http://www.uonbi.ac.ke