Transcript History of the AO
AO Foundation
Education
History of the AO
1958 −2008
Kevin Newman St Peter‘s Hospital, Chertsey, Surrey, UK
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1944 The inspiration for AO
Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland (1918 −) met a former soldier who had received a femoral nailing by Gerhard Küntscher Kiel, Germany (1900−1972) military surgeon
1950 The early years
Maurice Müller resident of Liestal, Switzerland (1918−) was on a fellowship in Holland with 3 Cornelis Pieter van Nes Leiden, Netherlands (1897−1972) who advised him to visit Robert Danis in Bruxelles
1950 Compression plating
Robert Danis Bruxelles, Belgium (1880 −1962) “Théorie et Pratique de l’Osteosynthèse” coapteur plate for rigid fixation 4 Compression for “per primam” healing Absence of callus “soudure autogène”
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1951 First results of ORIF
Maurice Müller Fribourg, Switzerland • 75 patients • stable fixation • early mobilization • no complications
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1952 Old army friendships
Robert Schneider Maurice Müller
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1954 Documenting trauma
Lorenz Böhler Wien, Austria (1885−1973) 241,000 trauma x-rays Accident Hospital
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1956 Five friends, eight more
Müller Willenegger Allgöwer Patry Brussatis Baumann Guggenbühl Ott Schneider Hunziker Bandi Schär Stähli
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1958 AO founded in Biel (Bienne)
November 6, 1958, Hotel Elite Biel (Bienne), Switzerland
1958 AO Founders
Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen 10 Maurice Müller Zürich 1918 − Martin Allgöwer Chur 1917 − 2007 Walter Bandi Interlaken 1912 − 1997 Robert Schneider Grosshöchstetten 1912 − 1990 Hans Willenegger Liestal 1910 − 1998
1958 Hex-head screw
Maurice Müller Zürich, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000) 11
1959 AO Principles
Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Mathys 12 1 2 3 4 Documentation of all patients Development of implants and instruments Research of fracture healing and tissue cultures Teaching of osteosynthesis techniques
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1959 AO Laboratory Davos
Martin Allgöwer Davos, Switzerland (1917−2007) AO Laboratory for Experimental Surgery Forschungsinstitut Obere Strasse
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1959 AO Documentation
Maurice Müller Davos, Switzerland (1918−)
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1960 1st AO Course in Davos
Participants: 56 7 2 3 1 Maurice Müller teaches femoral nailing in the AO Lab.
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1960 AO in Davos
1960 AO Faculty in Davos
Robert Schneider Walter Ott Walter Schär Walter Bandi Martin Allgöwer 17 (Fischer) (Keller) Hans Willenegger Maurice Müller Walter Stähli (Bloch) Fritz Brussatis Willy Hunziker August Guggenbühl René Patry Ernst Baumannn
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1961 AO TK founded
Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland (1918−) Robert Mathys Bettlach, Switzerland (1921−2000)
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1961 AO Round hole plate
Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland
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1961 AO Compression device
Maurice Müller St Gallen, Switzerland
1961 2nd AO Course in Davos
21 John Charnley and Martin Allgöwer in the AO Davos Lab.
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1963 AO Principles of ORIF
Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider 1 Atraumatic surgical technique 2 Anatomical reduction of fracture 3 Stable internal fixation 4 Early active pain free mobilization
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1963 AO Plating
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1963 AO Instrument boxes
Attendance at an official AO Course was mandatory for purchasing the six official AO Instrument boxes.
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1963 Teaching nurses
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1963 AO Tubular plates
Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland 1/2 tubular 1/3 tubular 1/4 tubular
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1963 Primary bone healing
Hans Willenegger Liestal (1910 −1998) Fritz Straumann Waldenburg (1921−1988) Robert Schenk Basel (1923−)
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1965 AO Nailing
Maurice Müller Bern, Switzerland
1968 High-energy fractures
Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland 29
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1969 AO VET (veterinary)
Dog treated with Kuntscher nail by H Knoll, J Jenny and owner H Willenegger
1969 Dynamic compression
Martin Allgöwer Stephan Perren Max Russenberger 31 Dynamic Compression Plate Narrow: DCP 3.5
Broad: DCP 4.5
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1969 AO Manual
Maurice Müller Martin Allgöwer Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger 1970 Translated from German into English by by Joseph Schatzker
1970 AO and Lorenz Böhler
33 Prof Willenegger presents Prof Böhler with AO book.
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1972 AO International
Hans Willenegger Liestal, Switzerland (1910−1998) 1st president of AOI
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1974 1st AO CMF course
Joachim Prein Basel, Switzerland
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1978 Strain theory of healing
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Alexander Boitzy St Gallen, Switzerland
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1981 Biomechanical stability
Bernhard Georg Weber St Gallen, Switzerland (1927−2002) Minimax Fracture Fixation Minimal amount of metal Maximum stability
1983 Soft-tissue injury
Harald Tscherne Hannover, Germany 38 Tscherne classification of closed fractures
1984 AO Foundation
Peter von Rechenberg Thomas Rüedi Peter Matter Fritz Straumann Robert Mathys Stephan Perren 39 Notary Martin Allgöwer Maurice Müller Robert Schneider Hans Willenegger Hansjörg Wyss
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1984 Four pillars of AO
Martin Allgöwer Basel, Switzerland 1st AO Foundation president • • • • Four pillars of cooperation: Documentation Teaching Research Instrumentation
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1987 AO Classification
Maurice Müller Peter Koch Serge Nazarian “A classification is useful only if it considers the severity of the bone lesion and serves as a basis for treatment and for evaluation of the results.”
1987 Indications for ORIF
Joseph Schatzker Marvin Tile 42 Toronto, Canada Toronto, Canada
1988 Periosteal blood supply (plates)
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Osteoporosis under plate is caused by bone necrosis and not by stress protection
1988 AO Plastic bones
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland 44 “Synthes bones” = SYNBONE
1989 AO Founders reunited
Hans Willenegger Robert Schneider Maurice Müller Peter von Rechenberg CEO Martin Allgöwer Walter Bandi
1989 AO Alumni Association
56 local chapters in 6 AO Regions in 2008 46 North America Latin America Europe Middle East Africa Asia Pacific
1989 Indirect reduction
Jeff Mast Roland Jakob 47 Reinhold Ganz
1990 “Bio-logical” fixation
48 Alexander Boitzy Reinhold Ganz Bern, Switzerland Bern, Switzerland Soft-tissue injury determines the type of fracture fixation.
Three stages of tissue damage: 1.
Compromised (careful standard fixation possible) 2.
3.
Partial degloving (indirect reduction required) Soft tissues destroyed (reconstruction essential)
1990 Endosteal blood supply (nails)
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland
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1990 Small footprint LC-DCP
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Emanuel Gautier Chur, Switzerland L C D C P Limited Contact Dynamic Compression Plate
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1990 Robert Schneider passes away
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1992 AO North America
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1992 AO Center Davos
Spring Fall Summer Winter
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1993 Internal fixator PC-Fix
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland Slobodan Tepic ???, Switzerland PC-Fix Point Contact Fixator Monocortical locking
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1994 AO East Asia
Suthorn Bavonratanavech Chiangmai, Thailand 1st president of AOEA Hong Kong Indonesia Malaysia Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan/Chinese Taipei Thailand
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1995 LISS
Robert Frigg Bettlach, Switzerland Less Invasive Stabilization System Locking head screws
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1997 Walter Bandi passes away
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1997 Mini incisions (MIPO)
Christian Krettek Harald Tscherne Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis
1998 AO Latin America
59 AOLAT • • • • • • • • • Argentina Bolivia Brazil Chile Colombia Ecuador México Perú Uruguay
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1998 Hans Willenegger passes away
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1999 AO Clinical investigation
Ruedi Moser 1999 −2003 Beate Hanson 2003−
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Surgeon of the 20th century
2000 AO Principles of Fracture Management
Thomas Rüedi Liam Murphy 63 Chur, Surrey, Switzerland England
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2000 Howard Rosen passes away
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2000 Robert Mathys passes away
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2000 Locking compression plates
Robert Frigg Michael Wagner Robert Schavan Bettlach, Switzerland Wien, Austria Willich Anrath, Germany Combination hole Osteoporotic bone Nonunions
2000 AO Plate technology
67 1961 1963 1970 1989 1990 1990 Round hole plates Tubular plates Dynamic compression plates Indirect reduction techniques Biological fixation Limited contact (DC) plates Maurice Müller Maurice Müller Stephan Perren Jeff Mast Reinhold Ganz Stephan Perren 1993 1997 1995 2000 PC-Fix MIPO LISS Locking compression plates (LCP) Stephan Perren Christian Krettek Robert Frigg Robert Frigg
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2001 Anatomical plates
Preshaped locking plates for MIPO techniques
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2001 AO Portal on the Internet
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2002 Hardi Weber passes away
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2002 StarDrive screws
Stephan Perren Davos, Switzerland
2003 AOSpine is formed
John Webb Max Aebi Paul Pavlov 72 Nottingham, England Montreal, Canada Nijmegen, Netherlands
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2003 Strain theory and LCP
Michael Wagner Wien, Austria Christoph Sommer Chur, Switzerland
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2004 AO CAS and BrainLAB
Christian Krettek Hannover, Germany C A S Computer Aided Surgery
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2005 AO Expert nails
2006 AO Trauma Asia Pacific
76 AOTAP Australia China Hong Kong Indonesia Japan Malaysia New Zealand Philippines Singapore South Korea Taiwan Thailand India joins AOTAP in 2007
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2006 AO LCP Manual
Michael Wagner Wien, Austria Robert Frigg Bettlach, Switzerland
2006 AO Surgery reference
78 Editors: Chris Colton Peter Trafton Joseph Schatzker Ernst Raaymakers
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2007 AOSpine Manual
John Webb Vincent Arlet Max Aebi
2007 AO Principles of Fracture Management ─2nd edition
Thomas Rüedi Chur, Switzerland Richard Buckley Calgary, Canada 80 Christopher Moran Nottingham, England
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2007 Pediatric classification
Theddy Slongo Bern, Switzerland Laurent Audigé Dübendorf, Switzerland
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2007 Martin Allgöwer passes away
2008 AO 50th anniversary
83 Professor Maurice Müller on his 90th birthday March 28, 2008 unveils a plaque in Hotel Elite.
Biel (Bienne) Switzerland
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