Transcript Chapter 5 Analytical frameworks

Chapter 5: Analytical
frameworks
Defining criminal intelligence?
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ACPO
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‘criminal intelligence can be said to be the end product of a
process often complex, sometimes physical, and always
intellectual, derived from information that has been
collated, analyzed and evaluated in order to prevent crime
or secure the apprehension of offenders’ (ACPO 1975:
para. 32)
IALEIA
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‘information compiled, analyzed, and/or disseminated in
an effort to anticipate, prevent, or monitor criminal
activity’ (IALEIA 2004: 32)
Defining crime analysis?
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Rachel Boba
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The ‘systematic study of crime and disorder problems as
well as other police-related issues – including sociodemographic, spatial, and temporal factors – to assist the
police in criminal apprehension, crime and disorder
reduction, crime prevention, and evaluation’ (Boba 2005:
6)
Massachusetts Association of Crime Analysts
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‘A discipline of public safety analysis, which provides
information support for the missions of law enforcement
or criminal justice agencies (web site)
Crime intelligence?
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An term to describe the integration of criminal
intelligence analysis and crime analysis
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Why crime intelligence?
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Many analysts complete both criminal intelligence and
crime analysis tasks on a daily basis
The distinction is often redundant outside the US
Increasingly, the two disciplines are seen as
interdependent
Data, information and knowledge
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From collators to knowledge workers
information + analysis = intelligence
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Good as an initial training tool, but
Idealized concept that is not reflected in most analysts’
work
DIKI Continuum
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Data
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Information
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Information is data with greater relevance and purpose
Knowledge
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Data are the observations and measurements we can
make about crime
Data and information with added context, meaning, a
particular interpretation
Intelligence
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Knowledge products can generate understanding, but
intelligence products are supposed to generate action
DIKI Continuum
Data
Knowledge
Information
Intelligence
Levels of crime intelligence
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Tactical
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Operational
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Support for front-line areas, investigations and other
operational areas in taking case-specific action to achieve
enforcement objectives
Supporting area commanders and regional operational
commanders in planning crime reduction activity and deploying
resources to achieve operational objectives
Strategic
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Aiming to provide insight and understanding, and make a
contribution to broad strategies, policies and resources
Source: Ratcliffe, J.H. (2004) “The Structure of Strategic
Thinking” , in Strategic Thinking in Criminal Intelligence (Sydney:
Federation Press), pp. 4-5.
Crime intelligence within different agency types
NIM levels
The intelligence cycle
Feedback
& review
Direction
Dissemination
Collation
Analysis
Gill’s cybernetic model
Original NIM outline
NIM business model
3-i model
Criminal environment
Interpret
Analysis
Impact
Influence
Decision-maker