Transcript CG St. C. Kendall CG St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751: Carbonate Petrography University of South Carolina Spring 2005
Professor Chris Kendall EWS 304 [email protected] 777.2410
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Precipitated Cements & Diagenesis of Carbonates
Limestones & Dolomites Tango!
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Carbonate Cement Fabrics
Crust or rims coat grains Syntaxial overgrowth – optical continuity with skeletal fabric Echinoid single crystals Brachiopod multiple crystals Blocky equant - final void fill GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Carbonate Cement Fabrics
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall after RL Folk
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Belize Reef - Cementation Botryoidal Aragonite Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Belize Reef - Cementation Botryoidal Aragonite Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok Atoll – Pleistocene
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement C. G. St. C. Kendall GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok Atoll – Pleistocene
Isopachus Marine Aragonite Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Marine Cement Fabrics Aragonite Needles & Magnesium Calcite Blades
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
After James Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok – Marshal Islands GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Dry Canyon – Almagordo, NMx GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Renalcis Drape Internal Sediment GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Cement Fill Amphipora Core GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Renalcis Drape
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Cement Fill Renalcis Drape Amphipora Core GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Eniwetok – Pleistocene
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Final Cement Fill Brchiopod Core Isopachus Marine Cement Renalcis Drape GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge
Isopachus Marine Cement Isopachus Marine Cement Renalcis Drape GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Renalcis Drape Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After Phil Playford GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Canning Basin – Winjana Gorge - Pilara
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After Phil Playford
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
C. G. St. C. Kendall GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Isopachus Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Meniscus Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Arab D – Jurassic
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Eniwetok Atoll – Pleistocene
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Seven Rivers Permian Marine Cavity Cements & Sediment GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Seven Rivers Permian Marine Cavity Cements & Sediment GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
C. G. St. C. Kendall GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Settings of Carbonate Diagenesis Flow Chart
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Ooids - Calcite Fresh Water Cement
Meniscus Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Ooids – Aragonite Dissolution GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Radial Ooids – Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Gastropod – Test Preserved GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Gastropod – Aragonite Marine Cement GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Gastropod – Dissolution of Test Starts GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Gastropod – Solution Ghost of Test GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Gastropod – Cement Fill of Test GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Pleistocene – Eniwetok GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Tertiary – Fusilinids
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Guadalupian – West Texas
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After James GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Influx of sea water Evaporation of mixed Waters 1. Aragonite 2. Gypsum 3. Anhydrite 4. Dolomite 5. Halite accumulate in this order GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Influx of Magnesium Rich Continental Ground Waters
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Smackover Jurassic
C. G. St. C. Kendall GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Smackover – Alabama
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Carbonate Porosity After Choquette & Pray
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
Smackover – Alabama
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Ooid Dissolution with Burial
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Ooid Cortex Collapse with Burial
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
C. G. St. C. Kendall
After James GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
Stylolite s
Two-dimensional cross-sectonal views of
Dissolution seam(A), Stylolite (B), Highly serrate stylolite (C) Deformed stylolite (D). A few grains are shown schematically to emphasize the change in scale from the previous figure GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
(after Bruce Railsback)
Stylolite s
Intergranular contacts as seen in thin section Tangential (A) flattened (B) concavo-convex (C) sutured (D)
Diagnesis
(after Bruce Railsback)
Stylolites
GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis
After Bruce Railsback
Stylolites
After Bruce Railsback
Lecture Conclusions
Photosynthesis, warm temperatures & low pressures in shallow water enhance carbonate distribution Carbonate cementation takes place in the depositional setting Carbonate cementation takes place from water pumped by tides, waves and evaporation of sea water CCD controls dissolution of carbonate and its recirculation as a cement Most diagenesis, dolomitization, & cementation of carbonates takes place at the near surface & trace elements can be used in this determination Carbonate cementation and diagenesis can take place through the burial cycle Mineralogy & fabric of cements varies with setting and mineralogy of the substrate Stylolites develop through burial & solution/compaction GEOL 751 Lecture 6: Cementation &
Diagnesis