Transcript Cable Manufacture and Types

Network IQ Training Manual
Chapter 2 - Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing
Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing
• Loose Tube Cable (Indoor & Outdoor)
• Tight-Buffered Cable (Indoor & Outdoor)
• Applications
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
2
Loose Tube Cable: Fibre & Buffer Colouring
Fibre No.
Fibre coat
Colour
1
BLUE
BL
2
ORANGE
OR
3
GREEN
GR
4
BROWN
BR
5
SLATE
SL
6
WHITE
WH
7
RED
RD
8
BLACK
BK
9
YELLOW
YL
10
VIOLET
VI
11
ROSE
RS
12
AQUA
AQ
Optical Fibre
• Colour code is
according to
EIA/TIA-598-A, also
referred to as
Telcordia colour
code
Cables > 12 fibres
have the same
colour code with
stripes
Network IQ Training Manual
3
More Colour Coding Standards
Colour Code ISO
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Colour
Colour Code IEC 60794-2
No.
1
2
3
Colour
Colour Code DIN VDE 0888
No.
1
2
Colour
Colour Code Swisscom
No.
1
2
Colour
For identification of more than twelve fibers is a ring mark. The colours of the fibers
are repeated
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
4
Fibre optic cable type code acc. DIN VDE 0816
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
5
Cable Codes Corning
Example of Fiber description
E9/125 0.36F3,5 + 0,22H18
E9
125µ
0,36 / 0,22
F
H
3,5 / 18
= Single mode fiber 9µ glass core diameter
= Cladding diameter
= Attenuation (db/km)
= At wavelength 1300 nm
= At wavelength 1550nm
= Dispersions parameter at 1300nm
Remark: cabled parameters. Values on fibre data sheet are better
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
6
Loose Tube Cable: Fibre Buffering (up to 24 fibre)
Gel-filled Buffer tube
Filling
Compound
Optical
Fibre
Gel-free Buffer tube
Dry tube
Swellable
yarns
Optical
Fibre
Fibre bundle is a group of Optical fibres in 1 loose tube
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
7
Stranded Loose Tube Cable : Fibre Buffering
Side view of the loose tubes
After Manufacturing
Buffer Tube Contraction
Buffer Tube Expansion
Cross-section view of the loose tubes
Fibre Bundle
Buffer Tube
Central Member
Optical Fibre
Fibre Bundle
Fibre Bundle
Buffer Tube
Buffer Tube
Central Member
Central Member
Network IQ Training Manual
8
Stranded Loose Tube Cable: Stranding
• Central Member
– Anti-Buckling
– Steel or Dielectric
Buffer Tubes
with Fibres
Central
Member
PE Sheet
• Advantages
– SZ Stranding provides more flexibility
– Allows easy midspan access
– Reduce the turn effects under pulling force
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
9
Stranded Loose Tube Cable: Jacketing
• Dry™ Waterblocking Material
Buffer Tubes
with Fibres
Central
Member
• Tensile Strength Elements
–
–
Main Load Bearer
Aramid and/or
Fibre glass Yarns
• Jacket
Strength
Elements
–
–
–
–
PE
FRNC
Core Protection
Chemical
Resistance
– Abrasion
Resistance
Jacket
Dry™
Waterblocking
Material
• Armouring
– Corrugated Steel Tape
– Glass Yarn Armouring
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
10
Central Tube Cable
• Gel free buffer tubes optional
• Dry™ Waterblocking Material
• Tensile Strength Elements
–
–
Main Load Bearer
Aramid and/or
Fibre glass Yarns
Central tube
Ø = 3.0mm up to 12 or
5.0mm up to 24 fibres,
Rodent protection by
glass yarn armour,
metal-free
Swellable tape
Jacket, PE
• Jacket
Rip cord
–
–
–
–
• Armouring
– Corrugated Steel Tape
– Glass Yarn Armouring
PE
FRNC
Core Protection
Chemical
Resistance
– Abrasion
Resistance
Optical Fibre
• Advantages
– High flexibility
– Low weight and fire rate
Network IQ Training Manual
11
Cable Applications
Loose Tube
Dielectric
Greater than
50 Feet
Armoured MPC
Duct Bank
Dielectric
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
13
Tight Buffered Cable Buffering
250 µm
Coating
Thermoplastic
Coating
900 µm
Optica
l
Fibre
Coating Versions:
TB – Easy Strip, FRNC, 1.5m strip length, used in pigtails
TB3 – Standard, FRNC, 10cm strip length, used in jumpers, i-MIC
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
14
12-Fibre MIC® Multifibre Indoor Cable
• FRNC or PVC Sheath
Fibre
Tight Buffer
• 2-24 Fibre
Coated Central Member
Strength Elements
Outer Jacket
Fibre Cable Jacket Colouring Indoor
• Aqua
- OM3, OM4
• Orange
- OM1, OM2
• Yellow
- OS1, OS2
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
15
Multi-Fibre Cable: MPC Cable (TB3) (up to 24 fibre)
A-VQ (BN) H
In-/Outdoor Cable
Tight Buffered Fibre
Glass yarn armour
LSZH – Inner jacket
Rip cord
Swellable elements (water
blocking)
Strength elements/aramid yarn
LSZH – Outerjacket
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
16
1-Fibre, 2-Fibre Basic Cable Unit
Thermoplastic
Buffer
Simplex Cable
Fibre
Kevlar
Outer
Jacket
• Used in standard patch cords
• Simplex Available in:
– 2.0mm
– 2.8mm
• Duplex Available in:
Duplex Cable
(Zipcord)
Optical Fibre
– 2x1.8mm (700m coating)
– 2x2.0mm
– 2x2.8mm
Network IQ Training Manual
17
Break out® Cable
1-Fibre Basic Unit
Dielectric Central
Member
FRNC Overcoat
FRNC Jacket
Ripcord
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
18
Cable Applications
Tight Buffered Cables
2-fibre
Zipcord
MIC or Breakout Cable
MIC or
Breakout
Cable
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
19
Flame Retardant Cables:
European Flame and Smoke Tests
IEC-Standard
Test name
IEC 60332
Tests on electric and optical fibre cables under fire conditions
IEC 60332-1
Test for vertical flame propagation for a single insulated wire or cable
IEC 60332-2
Test for vertical flame propagation for a single small insulated wire or cable
IEC 60332-3
Test for vertical flame spread of vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables
IEC 61034
Measurement of smoke density of cables burning under defined conditions
IEC 60754-1
Test on gases evolved during combustion of materials from cables - Part 1:
Determination of the amount of halogen acid gas
“FR”
“LS”
“0H” or “ZH”
IEC 60754-2
Test on gases evolved during combustion of electric cables - Part 2:
Determination of degree of acidity of gases evolved during the
combustion of materials taken from electric cables by measuring pH and
conductivity
Optical Fibre
“NC”
Network IQ Training Manual
20
Mechanical Characteristics of Fibre Optic Cable
• Force = Mass x Acceleration
• [N]
=
[Kg]
x 9.81[m/sec2] Reference: 1 pound = 4.45N
• Tensile Strength (IEC 60794-1-2-E1)
– FO cable is pulled by a tensile force measured in Newton
– Ex: 2700 N
• Crush Resistance (IEC 60794-1-2-E3)
– FO Cable is tested using a plate which applies a crushing load measured in
Newton
– Ex: 3000 N/10cm (linear)
• Bending Radius (IEC 60794-1-2-E11 A)
– FO Cable is bent to meet its specified bending radius
– Ex: Generally, 15xOD during installation and 10x OD during operation
• OD = outer diameter of cable, non-armoured cable
Requirement:
Mechanical Tests are conducted for 1 minute or more
No fibre break or Attenuation more than 0.05 db
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
21
Cont. mechanical characteristics of FO-Cable
Tensile Test
Optical Fibre
Crush Resistance Test
Bending Radius Test
Network IQ Training Manual
22
Environmental Characteristics of FO Cable
• Water Penetration (IEC 60794-1-2-F5)
– FO cable prevents water from penetrating inside the cable and inside the
loose tubes
• Temperature Cycle (IEC 60794-1-2-F1)
– FO Cable can be exposed to low temperature or high temperature without
any material deformation or high attenuation more than 0.05 db
– Ex: -40°C to +70°C
Requirement:
3 meter sample
Water height 1 meter
24 hours
No water penetrate
to the sealed side of the
cable
Optical Fibre
Heat Chamber
-40°C to +70°C
Dwell time 6 hour
Measurement at
1310 nm & 1550 nm
Max Att. 0.1 db/km
Network IQ Training Manual
23
Cable Summary
• Two main design options for fibre cables:
– Loose Tube (250um coated fibres)
– Tight Buffered (900um coated fibres)
• Loose Tube typically outdoor application
– Loose tube isolates fibre from external strain
– 250um easy to splice
– Use fan out tube if direct termination with connectors
• Tight buffered cables typically indoor application
– 900um allows direct termination with connectors
• Telcordia colour scheme is standard Corning code; others
available
Optical Fibre
Network IQ Training Manual
24