Transcript D-STAR Presentation

D-STAR
Amateur Radio
Digital Mode
for the 21st Century
Manitoba ARES
Agenda
• Introduction to D-STAR
• Question/Answer
Objectives
• Provide General Understanding of:
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Overview of D-STAR Technology
D-STAR Systems Components
D-STAR Operations
D-STAR Applications
Opportunities for Amateurs from D-STAR
D-STAR is not necessarily what we expect
– Forget everything you think you know about repeaters.
– Forget everything you think you know about networking.
Existing knowledge will help, IF you can ignore
assumptions!
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What is D-STAR?
Why is D-STAR interesting?
Who is interested?
How will it be used?
How do we get started?
• What is D-STAR?
– Digital Smart Technology for Amateur Radio
– JARL
• Japanese Amateur Radio League
• NOT Manufacturers!
– Goal
• Advancement of the hobby
• Spectrum Efficiency
• Experiment with Simultaneous Voice and Data
– D-STAR Gateway owned by Icom
• Not Public Domain or Open Source
• May not be copied, shared or redistributed
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– Spectral Efficiency
– Simultaneous Voice and Data capability
• 2m/70cm/23cm
– High-Speed Data capability
• 23cm
– Internet Linking capability
– Microwave Linking capability
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– Spectral Efficiency
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6.25 kHz emission
10 kHz channel spacing (reasonable)
More efficient use of available bandwidth
Allows more channels in crowded spectrum
Better performance compared to analog FM
– Same power in less bandwidth (SSB vs. AM)
Terminology
• AMBE
– Advanced Multi-Band Excitation (AMBE) is a very
powerful proprietary speech coding standard
developed by Digital Voice Systems, Inc.
(From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Multi-Band_Excitation)
– Converts audio to and from the digital format used in
D-Star Digital Voice at 2400 bps with 1200 bps of
FEC.
• FEC
– Forward Error Correction
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– Simultaneous Voice and Data capability
• 2m, 70cm, 23cm Digital Voice Mode
• 4800bd Data Stream
– 2400bd Digital Voice
– 1200bd FEC on Digital voice
– 1200bd Serial Data
The DV Protocol
Radio Header
Data
Bit
Frame Flag Flag Flag
Synchronization Sync 1
2
3
64 bits
W7SP
B
P_FCS
15 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
Destination
Local
Repeater Call Repeater Call
64 bits/8 char
Radio ID
Destination
Station Call
64 bits/8 char
64 bits/8 char
W7SP
A
CQCQCQ
This
This Station
Station Call Comment
64 bits/8 char
K7VE
32 bits/4 char
JOHN
The DV Protocol
Radio Header
Audio Frame
72 bits
Data
Data Frame
24 bits
Final Data Frame
48 bits
Alternating Audio/Data
The DD Protocol
Radio Header
Length
16 bits
Ethernet Style Packet
Bit
Frame Flag Flag Flag
Synchronization Sync 1
2
3
64 bits
W7SP
B
P_FCS
15 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
Destination
Local
Repeater Call Repeater Call
64 bits/8 char
Radio ID
Destination
Station Call
64 bits/8 char
64 bits/8 char
W7SP
A
CQCQCQ
This
This Station
Station Call Comment
64 bits/8 char
K7VE
32 bits/4 char
JOHN
The DD Protocol
Radio Header
Length
16 bits
Ethernet Style Packet
MAC Src Addr MAC Dest Addr Type
48 bits
48 bits
16 bits
Data Frame
128 – 12000 bits
TCP/IP
FCS
32 bits
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– High-Speed Data capability
• 23cm
– 128kb Ethernet
– Transparent Bridge
» Allows Network-Agnostic Applications!
– Half-Duplex
» Duplex-sensitive apps don’t work well (VOIP, etc.)
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– Internet Linking capability
• User linking vs. Site linking
• Can cause confusion for uninformed (example later)
• Allows “roaming”
• Why is D-STAR interesting?
– Microwave linking capability
• Install additional regional site(s)
• Allows extra connectivity without need for
additional Gateway server or additional
internet connections
• Expensive – approx $5k per and 2 needed
Yah – so what
Who is interested?
 Individuals
 Clubs
 Canada/USA - many ARES units
 Served Agencies
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Public Safety Canada
Manitoba EMO
Manitoba Health Office of Disaster Management
City of Winnipeg Emergency Program
 Events
• Races/Runs/Rides, Parades, Special Events
• Emergency Communications
Canadian Installations
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Callsign
City
State
2m
VA2LX
Trois-Rivières
Québec
145.10000MHz -0.600
VA2RKA
Montréal
Quebec
VA2RKB
Saint-Calixte
Quebec
VA3NAG
Niagara on the
Lake
Ontario
VA3ODG
Ottawa
Ontario
VA3PMO
Mississauga
ON
VA3YYZ
Temporary
Demo
70cm
23cm
23cmDD
1282.50000MHz 12.000
1299.15000MHz
1282.00000MHz 12.000
1299.20000MHz
446.15000MHz -5.000
144.91000MHz +0.600
145.53000MHz -0.600
444.85000MHz +5.000
443.81250MHz +5.000
145.00000MHz +0.600
441.10000MHz +5.000
VA7DSR
Victoria
BC
VA7ICM
Vancouver
British Columbia
145.04000MHz +0.600
VE1FO
Halifax
Nova Scotia
145.25000MHz +0.600
VE2FCT
Sorel-Tracy
Quebec
146.61000MHz -0.600
VE2LKL
Trois-Rivières
Quebec
147.27000MHz +0.600
449.17500MHz -5.000
VE2RIO
Montréal
Quebec
144.95000MHz -0.600
449.92500MHz -5.000
VE2RMF
Quebec
Quebec
144.95000MHz -0.600
442.00000MHz +5.000
1247.00000MHz
+12.000
1293.15000MHz
1246.00000MHz
1283.00000MHz 12.000
1247.00000MHz
1283.00000MHz 20.000
1243.00000MHz
VE2RMF
Quebec
Quebec
144.95000MHz -0.600
1283.00000MHz 20.000
VE2RQF
Sherbrooke
Quebec
147.06000MHz +0.600
VE2RQT
Quebec
Quebec
449.92500MHz -5.000
VE2RTO
Mont-Orford
Quebec
442.00000MHz +5.000
VE2RVR
Mont-SaintGrégoire
Quebec
444.20000MHz +5.000
VE2TXD
Victoriaville
Quebec
144.81000MHz +0.600
441.17000MHz +5.000
VE3LSR
Simcoe County
Ontario
145.19000MHz -0.600
444.35000MHz +5.000
VE3RPT
Toronto
(Uxbridge)
Ontario
145.25000MHz -0.600
443.22500MHz +5.000
1243.00000MHz
1248.00000MHz
1282.50000MHz 12.000
1248.50000MHz
1248.00000MHz
VE3RTR
Cobourg (East of
Toronto)
Ontario
146.89500MHz -0.600
VE3RXR
Little Current
Ontario
145.31000MHz -0.600
VE3SSF
Peterborough
Ont
147.36000MHz +0.600
VE3TTT
London
Ontario
VE3WIK
Hamilton
Ontario
146.71500MHz +0.600
443.63750MHz +5.000
VE3YYZ
Toronto
Ontario
144.93000MHz +0.600
442.70000MHz +5.000
442.05000MHz +5.000
442.30000MHz +5.000
1287.50000MHz 12.000
1250.00000MHz
VE6GHZ
Calgary
Alberta
147.09000MHz +0.600
444.95000MHz +5.000
1287.97500MHz 20.000
1253.00000MHz
VE6IPG
Calgary
Alberta
147.28500MHz +0.600
444.96250MHz +5.000
1275.95000MHz
+12.000
1248.05000MHz
VE6KM
Edmonton
Alberta
145.47000MHz -0.600
444.90000MHz +5.000
1287.50000MHz 12.000
1248.50000MHz
VE6WRN
Calgary
Alberta
146.80500MHz -0.600
444.92500MHz +5.000
1287.50000MHz 20.000
1247.50000MHz
VE6WRO
Calgary
Alberta
147.03000MHz +0.600
444.82500MHz +5.000
VE7RAG
Vancouver
British Columbia
147.02000MHz +0.600
443.40000MHz +5.000
1291.94000MHz 20.000
1251.94000MHz
VE7VIC
Victoria
British Columbia
145.08000MHz +0.600
VE9SJN
Saint John
New Brunswick
145.29000MHz -0.600
VO1ILP
St Johns
Newfoundland
1291.50000MHz
443.40000MHz +5.000
1251.94000MHz
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International Systems
Algeria
Argentina
Australia
Austria
Belgium
Brazil
Bulgaria
Canada
Denmark
Finland
France
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Germany
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Greece
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Hungary
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Italy
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Japan
Netherlands Antilles•
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New Zealand
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Norway
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Poland
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Portugal
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Romania
Russia
Slovakia
Slovenia
South Africa
Spain
Sweden
Switzerland
The Netherlands
Trinidad + Tobago
UK
USA
• How will it be used?
– Regular use, like FM (Enhanced)
• Data/Voice Simultaneously
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Internet Linking
Emergency Communications
Linking Emergency Operations Centres
New Applications
• Applications are the BIG DEAL
– Packet
» DPRS/APRS
EmComm Applications
• Ends needless chatter
– Data rather than voice
– Immediate identification
• Callsign
• GPS Coordinates
– Dispatch assets accurately
• New Applications
– Hardware
• μSmartDigi™ D-Gate
• DV Dongle
– Software
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D-STAR Monitor
D-STAR TNC
D-STARLet
D-RATS
μSmartDigi™ D-Gate
• Black box translator
– D-PRS ® to APRS
– APRS to D-PRS®
• Smooth RF integration of both systems
• Fits inside a small box
• Converts D-STAR NMEA GPS
data to Base-91 compressed
APRS® Position Reports
• Converts Symbol and Text Data
• Filters messages according to a
rich set of user-configurable
rules
• Operates without a dedicated
laptop or PC
Dv Dongle
D-STAR Monitor
• Server based software package
– Drives www.dstarusers.org website
– K5TIT Creators
• Pete Loveall AE5PL
• Gerry Dalton W5MAY
• Additional Stats for SYSOP
WWW.D-STARUSERS.ORG
D-STAR TNC
• An APRS and D-STAR software bridge
– Java Based package
• www.aprs-is.net/dstartnc2.htm
• DStarTNC2 is free for use by Amateur
Radio operators for Amateur Radio.
D-STARLet
• A Web-based text messaging application
– Uses D-STAR Digital technology
• Dean Gibson, AE7Q
• www.dstarlet.com
D-Rats
A Communications Tool For D-STAR
D-Rats
D-Rats
D-Rats
D-Rats
D-STAR Site Equipment
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Getting started
ICOM Canada
Micro-hightec Winnipeg
Public Safety Canada
• Getting started
• Repeaters components
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ID-RP2000V for 2m voice and low-speed data
ID-RP4000V for 70cm voice and low-speed data
ID-RP2V for 23 cm voice and low-speed data
ID-RP2D for 23 cm high-speed data
ID-RP2C Controller
• Getting started
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Woodsworth Building Site
Site preparations
Drill Drill Drill
Power / Emergency Power
Battery System
“Gateway” server
UPS system
Internet connectivity
• Getting started
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Frequency Coordination + call sign
Antennae
Antenna support structures
Feedlines
Site grounding
Some assembly required
Programming
System Registration
• How do we get started?
– VHF, UHF & SHF radios currently available
• Mobiles
• Handhelds (On VHF & UHF Only)
• How do we get started?
• How do we get started?
• How do we get started?
• How do we get started?
Online Discussion Forums
www.icomamerica.com/support/forums
www.K5TIT.Org/Forum
D-STAR Web Sites
http://www.d-starusers.org/
http://www.d-rats.com/
www.aprs-is.net/dstartnc2.htm
Riley Hollingsworth, FCC
• “If there are three hams in a town, there will be
two clubs.”
• Our existing atmosphere and the perceptions of
us don’t always do everything to attract new
amateurs
Perceptions of Amateur Radio, in General
• “My grandfather used to do that”
• “I can do better than that on the Internet”
• “It’s not much fun”
Too many times, our hobby isn’t presented
in the most flattering light
Perceptions of D-STAR
• D-STAR new to everyone
• Everyone still learning
• Lots of information sharing
• D-STAR operation is unusually friendly, so far
Opportunities with D-STAR
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Rediscover the fun in amateur radio
Help advance the state of the hobby
Learn some new techniques
Help someone else learn what’s going on
• Welcome the new folks!
D-STAR Interesting Results
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Inactive club members getting active
New hams joining
New applications being built
New opportunities with Served Agencies
• Lots of Attention being generated!
•D-STAR gives us a chance to
change some opinions about
Amateur Radio.
What do you want those opinions
to be?
Site Equipment Programming
RP2C Controller
Parameters for Repeaters (suggestion)
23 cm on Port ‘A’
70 cm on Port ‘B’
2 m on Port ‘C’
Site Equipment Programming
RP2V, RP2000V, RP4000V
Programmed individually via USB. Multiple COM ports, unless
over-ridden manually on PC
Tx Freq
Rx Freq
Site Equipment Programming
RP2D
Programmed via USB. Multiple COM ports, unless over-ridden
Freq
Offset
D-Star vs. FM Operation
FM
Frequency, Offset, CTCSS/PL
Control codes, if available, for linking
D-STAR
Frequency, Offset, Mode, Call Signs (up to 4!)
Gateway Operation
User Linking, not site linking
No person-to-person private conversations. Everyone on
both ends hears both sides of the conversation.
Probable confusion from D-STAR linking vs. normal experience
D-STAR Local Operation
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No private conversations
Open system
Auto Rpt Set Feature
Both Voice and Data
Announcing presence (local & gateway)
Gateway Overview
Gateway Functions
Authorization
– Nothing crosses gateway if not authorized
– Local usage unaffected
Routing
– Allows very cellular-like roaming
• Timing constraints, to be discussed a bit later. Not immediate
Gateway Overview
• Gateway Operations
Registration
No registration required for local use
No call sign required for local use !!!!
No private conversations
both ends hear all
User linking, not site linking
Not all users on site can participate
Opportunity for confusion!!!
To use the Gateway part of D-star requires
you to be registered, this only needs to be
done once and gives you access world-wide
to the D-Star Gateway features
Four call signs used
MYCALL – Call sign of the originating station
URCALL – Call sign of the desired target station
‘CQCQCQ’ or desired remote station
RPT1 – Call sign (& port) of the originating repeater
RPT2 – Call sign & designator of the gateway
Can also be used for designated local cross-band use
Example 1 - Local call on same band
This is the most common usage. It's pretty simple, and works as
you would expect.
MYCALL – GM0OPS
URCALL – CQCQCQ, or a user's call
RPT1 – GB7DG C (Note that the ‘C' is in position #8!)
RPT2 – not important at this point
Example 2 - Local call on different bands
This is less common, because BOTH parties have to program their
radios appropriately to use this feature. But it's still useful. In this
example, GMØOPS is going to put out a general CQ call from the local
VHF repeater to the local UHF repeater.
MYCALL – GMØOPS
URCALL – CQCQCQ, or a user's call
RPT1 – GB7DG C (Note that the ‘C' is in position #8!)
RPT2 – GB7DG B (Note that the ‘B' is in position #8!)
Example 3 - Gateway User-Specific Call
These are the settings you would use if you want to talk to someone
else but you don’t know what system they are on. The system will pick
up their callsign and route your connection to them. They will then
have to hit their “One touch reply”. In this example GMØOPS is calling
GM1FML.
MYCALL – GMØOPS
URCALL – GM1FML
RPT1 – GB7DG C (Note that the ‘C' is in position #8!)
RPT2 – GB7DG G (Note that the 'G' is in position #8!)
Example 4 - Gateway Location-Specific Call
If you want to connect to another system then you would use the
settings below. Remember that the people on the other system you
connect to will either have to do a “One Touch Reply” or put your
systems call into the URCALL field.
This routes the call to the distant system and Port based on the 8th
character set).
MYCALL – GMØOPS
URCALL - /GB7DE B
User radio programming
• LOTS of memory channels
• Many different user setups
• Many radio features appear only in ‘SET’ mode or in
software
• Programming software strongly recommended,
especially for groups setting up many identical radios
Interfacing Digital and Analog Systems
Technically possible – of course!
But maybe not a good idea…
Limitations
Analog users can’t vary call signs like URCALL & RPT2
Analog users can’t participate in all conversations
Creates impression of “D-STAR doesn’t work”
Analog users can’t see any included data
D-STAR repeaters pass all D-STAR encoded voice and data.
Good use of analog/digital interface
Emergency situation, no gateway, local-only
MUST limit confusion
Summary
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Lots of potential for use of simultaneous voice & data
Spectral efficiency offers opportunity for better utilization
Better performance from narrow spectrum & FEC
Distinct operational differences from familiar FM
New applications will drive acceptance
EmComm demand for tactical voice and data
communications by served agencies
Portions of this presentation
where adopted from:
http://WWW.K5TIT.Org
EMERGENCY MINNESOTA
AMATEUR RADIO DISASTER
DATA NETWORK
http://www.14567.org/
Thank you for your interest in this
initiative.
MANITOBA ARES