Transcript Cardiovascular Disease - University of Massachusetts Medical School

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Cardiovascular Disease
In African American Women
By: Tove Freeman & Van Williams
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What is Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)?
“ Cardiovascular Disease is an abnormal function
of the heart involving the narrowing or blocking
of blood vessels.”
- Cardiovascular Disease Foundation (figure 7)
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CVD in
Massachusetts
What is a health
disparity?
How is CVD a health
disparity?
* Health disparity =
when an incident
of a disease is not
equal to the
general
population.
* CVD is the #1
killer of women in
Massachusetts,
especially in the
African American
community.
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Why is CVD a disparity?
More than 500,000 women die of
cardiovascular disease every year.
• Almost double the death rate of men.
• The rate of mortality in women with CVD has increased
steadily over the past 30 years-the rate of men has
decreased!
Specifically, in MA CVD targets women of
African American and Hispanic/Latina descent.
• African American women = 35% more likely than
Caucasian women to die of CVD.
• 68% of Caucasian women know that CVD is the leading
cause of death among women compared to 31% of black
women.
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CVD & Women
• Women are less likely to:
▫ be screened for cholesterol or offered
cholesterol lowering medications.
▫ receive therapies like heparin, beta
blockers or use aspirin.
▫ be referred for cardiac rehabilitation
• Different diagnostic tools:
▫ Treadmill stress tests can yield both
false positive and false negative
caused by hormones
▫ Nuclear stress testing, the breasts
can compromise the images of the
heart
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Infection
Inflammation
Structural
Defects
Genetics
Environment
Causes
Poor Diet
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Symptoms of CVD
• Chest Pain/ Chest Discomfort
• Pain in one or both arms, left
shoulder, neck jaw, or back.
• Shortness of breath
• Dizziness
• Faster heart beats
• Nausea
• Abnormal heart beats
• Fatigue
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Obesity
High
Cholesterol
Risk
Factors
High
Blood
Pressure
Physical
Inactivity
Diabetes
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Obesity
40
Obesity among MA adults in
Obesity in Massachusetts in
2007
2002
35
Percent
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
MA men
MA women
• African American adults
are more likely than any
other race/ethnicity to be
overweight, significantly
increasing their risk of
cardiovascular disease.
• About four out of five
African American women
are overweight or obese.
Source: Massachusetts
Behavioraland
RiskWomens
Factor Surveillance
System
(MABRFSS),
2007 (figure 2)
Source: Brigham
Hospital
(figure
1)
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Physical Inactivity
Reported Exercise in MA Adults in
2002
• Exercise is less prevalent
in the African American
and Hispanic populations.
• Less active, less fit people
have a 30-50 percent
greater risk of developing
cardiovascular disease.
Source: Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 3)
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DIABETES
Diabetes in MA from
18
2006-2008
Percent
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
MA male
MA female
White
• Massachusetts’ African Americans
are 3.2 times more likely to have
diabetes than Caucasians.
• Approximately 11.4% of all African
Americans in MA aged 20 years or
older have diabetes.
Black
Hispanic
• Adults with diabetes are 2-4 times
as likely to die of heart disease
than those without diabetes
Source:
Brigham
Massachusetts
and WomensDepartment
Hospital (figure
of Public
5) Health (BRFSS) (figure 4)
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High Blood Pressure
(Hypertension)
• Adults with hypertension are up
to 4 times more likely to develop
CVD.
• African Americans are less likely
to have controlled hypertension,
with African American women
being the least likely.
• High blood pressure is more
likely to occur at a younger age in
the African American population.
Source: Brigham and Womens Hospital (figure 6)
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High Cholesterol
• Too much cholesterol in
your blood clogs arteries,
causing atherosclerosis
thus blood flow to the
heart muscle is slowed
down or blocked.
• 10% decrease in
cholesterol may reduce
the incidence of CVD by
30%
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Physically
Active
Be
Healthy
Cholesterol
Do Not
Smoke
Eat
Healthy
Maintain
Numbers
Blood
Pressure
Normal
Weight
Reduced
Risks
Triglycerides
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There are over 60 types of CVD
CVD’s the #1 cause of death for MA women
CVD is a disparity for African American Women
Women’s diagnoses are different then men’s
CVD risk CAN be lowered
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Works Cited
-" Brigham And Women's Hospital - A Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School ."
Brigham And Women's Hospital - A Teaching Affiliate of Harvard Medical School . N.p.,
n.d. Web. 12 July 2011. <http://www.brighamandwomens.org>. (Figure 1,3,5,6) "Cardiovascular Disease Foundation." Cardiovascular Disease Foundation. N.p., n.d.
Web. 12 July 2011. <http://www.cvdf.org/>.
-"Research Activities, April 2011: Disparities/Minority Health: Blacks Less Likely Than
Whites to Use Either Statins or Aspirin in the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease."
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 July 2011.
<http://www.ahrq.gov/research/ (figure 4)
"Cardiovascular - PubMed Health." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 18 July 2011. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/p (figure 7)
"Modified Fat Diet Key to Lowering Heart Disease Risk." Cardiovascular Disease
Foundation. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011.
<http://www.cvdf.org/articletext.aspx?ARTID=352>. (figure 2)
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Works Cited
-"CDC - DHDSP - National Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Program Massachusetts." Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. N.p., n.d. Web. 12
July 2011. <http://www.cdc.gov/dhdsp/programs/nhdsp_program/ma.htm>.
-"Framingham Heart Study." Framingham Heart Study. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 July 2011.
<http://www.framinghamheartst
-"Cardiovascular Disease Prevention Center - Massachusetts General Hospital,
Boston, MA." Massachusetts General Hospital Home. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011.
<http://www.massgeneral.org/heartcenter/treatmentprograms.aspx?id=1012>.
-"Heart disease - MayoClinic.com." Mayo Clinic. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011.
<http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/heart-disease/DS01120>.
-"Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Cardiov... [JAMA. 2007] - PubMed
result." National Center for Biotechnology Information. N.p., n.d. Web. 18 July 2011.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17405972?dopt=Abstract>.