Modernisation of EHV Transmission System
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Transcript Modernisation of EHV Transmission System
S.C. Misra
Director(Projects)
Power Grid Corpn. of India Ltd.
Power System in India
•
Electricity is a concurrent subject–both State and Central Govt. responsible for development
& management of this sector
•
State Electricity Boards (SEBs) responsible for wheeling
of power from state generating units and state level IPP’S
•
POWERGRID – the Central transmission utility wheels
power of central generating utilities and interstate mega
IPP’s
•
Power distribution responsibility is generally with SEB’s /
Private distribution utilities
•
3 levels for Grid management system adopted namely
State, Regional & National (under progress)
Hierarchy of Indian Power System
National Grid
Regional Grids
State Utilities
1
5
33
Power Scenario - Present
• Installed capacity
- 107,000 MW
• Peak demand
Peak power
- 82,000 MW
Energy (average)
- 1430 MU/day
• Availability
Peak power
- 71,260 MW
Energy (average)
- 1325 MU/day
• Shortage
Peak power
- 10,300 MW (12.6%)
Energy
- 107 MU/day (7.5%)
Coal – 71%
Hydro – 25%
Nuclear & others – 4%
Transmission - Present
State
HVDC
800 KV
400 kV
220/132 kV
Figs. are in ckt. km
Central
Total
(POWERGRID)
1,504
400
13,000
4,420
550
39,000
5,924
950
52,000
2,06,000
9000
2,15,000
• Transmission loss: 3 - 4% considered reasonable as per international
standards.
• Application of State-of-the-art technologies - HVDC bipole,
HVDC back-to-back, SVC, Series Compensation, FACTS etc.
• Application of improved O&M technologies – Hotline maintenance,
Emergency Restoration System, Thermovision scanning etc.
Demand - Supply Scenario – by 2012
• Projected Peak Demand - 157,000 MW
(as per 16th EPS)
• Capacity addition envisaged –
In 10th Plan
In 11th Plan
- 45,000 MW
- 55,000 MW
Regional to National level Planning
• Uneven disposition of energy resources
Major Hydro resources in Arunachal Pradesh, H.P and J&K
Coal reserves mostly in Bihar/Orissa/West Bengal
• Unbalanced growth of different regions
Surplus situation in Eastern Region, while deficit in others
Difficulties in day-to-day operation
• Optimisation of generation capacity addition
Utilising time diversity
Spinning reserve optimisation, mutual support
• Poor Hydro-thermal mix
Poor ratio – 25:75, Eastern Region – 12:88
M A JO R E N E R G Y R E S O U R C E S IN IN D IA
Jam m u
2 3 ,0 0 0 M W
L u d h ia n a
NEPAL
BHUTAN
P a rta b p u r
RAPP
G u w a h a ti
J a ip u r
Lucknow
P a tn a
BAN G LA
DESH
MY
V in d h y a c h a l
AN
ER
G a n d h in a g a r
K o lk a ta
In d o re
P ip a v a v
NER
C H IC K E N
NECK
Bhopal
AR
D e lh i
S IK K IM
1 ,7 0 0 M W
MM
NR
5 3 ,0 0 0 M W
K o rb a
WR
T a lc h e r/Ib V a lle y
R a ip u r
B hubanesw ar
T a ra p u r
M um bai
V iz a g
H y d e ra b a d
S im h a d ri
SR
G e n e ra tio n
C oal
K ris h n a p a tn a m
K a ig a
B a n g a lo re
K o z h ik o d e
M a n g a lo re
K a y a m k u la m
T h iru v a n a n th a p u ra m
LEG END
E n n o re
S o u th M a d ra s
C hennai
H y d ro
C u d d a lo re
L ig n ite
C o a s ta l
K u d a n k u la m
N u c le a r
CO LO M BO
SRI LANKA
L o a d -C e n tre
Future Transmission – Strategy
Change in approach
Bulk power transmission over long distances
Transmission Planning & development at National
level
Establishment of sufficient no. of inter-regional
links inter-connecting different regions
Major Considerations
• Conservation of Right-of-Way
• Avoidance of Forest
• Flexibility to accommodate uncertainty in
generation addition
• Minimisation of Transmission cost
Technology Integration
• Large investment is required
• Scarcity in Right-of-Way
Hence, there is a need to optimally utilise the
existing transmission infrastructure by
enhancing transmission capacity
Technology for optimal utilisation
• Series compensation /FACTS like TCSC
– Line can be loaded upto its Thermal capacity.
• Higher final Conductor Temperature – 850/ 950C
– Uprate loadability to about 30-50% more than existing 750C .
– Increase in capital cost 1-2%
• Multi-conductor bundle (tripple/quad.)
– Bulk power transfer over moderate distance.
• Uprating of line by using Alternate Conductor System
– High temp. endurance (200 deg C)conductor like INVAR,
ACSS, Gap etc.
Upgradation to Higher voltage
• Upgrading the existing lower voltage line to next higher voltage
increases power transfer capacity with less investment and
practical option.
• POWERGRID has developed design and done actual case
studies for upgradation of
66 kV D/c
132 kV D/c
220kV D/c
to
to
to
132 kV D/c
400 kV S/c
400 kV S/c
• Upgradation of Kishtwar - Kishenpur 220 kV D/c to 400 kV S/c
line is being carried out by POWERGRID to increase power
transfer capability by 1.8 times
Technology for future expansion
• Utilisation of existing capacity will not be sufficient
to meet the long term transmission requirement
• Adoption of following technologies would also be
required:
– Next higher transmission voltage – 800kV
– Hybrid EHVAC and HVDC system
– Compact lines
Next Higher voltage
• 765 kV already introduced as next higher voltage
– large transfer capacity, low losses, lower cost/MW/km
• Suitable for evacuation from Mega projects
– Reasons: Large unit size, scope for immediate future
generation expansion, less R-O-W & compensation,
availability of strong 400 kV underlying network.
• Needs careful attention on Insulation Design, Reactive
Power Management and Operational aspects
–
–
–
–
More than 75% reactive compensation.
Chances of resonant-overvoltages.
Voltage controlled switched shunt reactors.
Maintain large source strength.
HVDC Transmission
• Long distance point-to-point bulk power
transmission
• Asynchronous HVDC links are already under operation
• Talcher-II Transmission System
Generation in ER, beneficiaries in SR situated about 1500
kms. away
Would acts as separator between SR and the rest of
synchronously connected grid.
• Power transfer capacity of the order of 3000MW
over long distance is already under operation with
higher voltage like 600kV in the world
Compact Lines
• Guyed V tower, Chainette tower etc. can be adopted so that
space occupied by the tower base can be reduced.
• Compactness in the line by
– Optimisation of clearances
– Use of insulated cross-arms
– Phase spacers.
Compactness would increase SIL by 15-20% of
traditional line
• POWERGRID already designed 400kV compact line
PLAN FOR NATIONAL GRID - A PHASED
DEVELOPMENT
Phase – 1 – Already completed in 2002
• Interconnection of Regional Grids through HVDC Back-to-Back links having
cumulative capacity of 5000 MW
Phase – 2 – Partly completed – by 2006-07
• Hybrid system comprising of high capacity HVDC and HVAC lines (both
765 kV and 400 kV)
2000MW, 1400kms long HVDC bipole between Eastern and Southern regions –
completed
400kV synchronous interconnections between Eastern and Western regions
resulting into synchronous operation of power system having 50,000MW
capacity - completed
•
•
Most of transmission lines would be part of associated transmission system
of large sized generation project.
Cumulative inter-regional capacity would be 23,000 MW
Phase – 3 – to be completed by 2012
• Ring of 765 kV transmission lines inter-connecting ER, WR and NR
• Cumulative capacity would be 30,000 MW
D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T IO N A L G R ID
P H A S E -I
NR
NER
A U R A IY A
M ALANPUR
500
500
MW
B O N G A IG A O N
MW
B IR P A R A
M ALDA
SASARAM
SAHUPURI
DEHRI
ER
V IN D H Y A C H A L
KORBA
B U D H IP A D A R
CHANDRAPUR
WR
1000
MW
B A L IM E L A
500
MW
KOLHAPUR
U .S IL E R U
G AZUW AKA
E X IS T IN G
BELGAUM
UNDER
CONST.
H V D C b a ck -to -b a ck
4 0 0 kV
2 2 0 kV
KS
HA
DW
EE
AN &
ANDAM
AR
N IC O B
LA
SR
P
Growth of Energy exchange between ER &
Other Regions
10000
Energy (MU)
8000
6000
4000
2000
19
94
-9
5
19
95
-9
6
19
96
-9
7
19
97
-9
8
19
98
-9
9
19
99
-0
0
20
00
-0
1
20
01
-0
2
20
02
-0
3
0
• All India energy exchange in 2002-03 : 12000 MU
Benefits of inter-regional energy exchange
• For transfer of surplus power from ER to other regions,
inter-regional links being developed progressively
• In 1996-97, total inter-regional transfer capacity was
1200MW, which is now 8000MW
• Inter-regional energy exchange increased to 12000MU in
2002-03 out of which 9000MU from ER
• Export of energy from ER leads to
– Saving in fixed cost for ER constituents by about Rs. 1350 Cr.
– Average 2000MW power exported from ER. Hence, investment of about
Rs. 8000 Cr. deferred against addition of equivalent generation capacity
by deficit regions.
Benefits of National Grid
Reduction in capacity addition requirement by about 13750 MW--- hence
saving on investment of Rs. 55,000 crore. (due to peak time diversity and saving
in spinning reserve)
Saving in operational cost – Rs. 1200 Cr per annum
Transmission highway would enable setting up of large pit head stations
having lower cost of energy
Savings on account of this - Rs. 9000 crores per annum.
In addition, Nation’s investment towards fuel transportation infrastructure
could be avoided.
Better overall hydro-thermal mix
Very low for ER and WR ( ER – 15 : 85, WR - 17 : 83 ) – affecting grid
operation
With National Grid, it would become 33 : 67 on all India basis.
D E V E L O P M E N T O F N A T IO N A L G R ID
URI
Phase – II & III
W AGOORA
D U LH ASTI
R AVI SATLUJ
K IS H E N P U R
JU LLAN DHAR
TEHRI
MOGA
BALLABG ARH
(D E L H I R IN G )
C H IC K E N N E C K
A 'P U R
BHUTAN
M EERUT
H IS S A R
TALA
M 'B A D
NR
B H IW A D I
J A IP U R
AGRA
S H IR O H I
25
00
M 'P U R
PURNEA
VARANASI
ALLAH ABAD
/U N N A O
M ALAN PUR
S IN G R A U L I
MW
L IM B D I
JETPUR
B IN A
GANDHAR/
AM R ELI KAW AS
CHEGAON
VAPI
JAM SH EDPUR
R O U R KELA
KORBA
B AN G LA
DESH
ER
R A IP U R
H IR M A
P A D G H EA M R A V A T I
WR
PAR LI
DHABOL
NER
M A IT H O N
SEONI
BHANDARA
T IP A IM U K H
B 'S H A R IF
N O R TH
KARANPURA
S IP A T
BADARPUR
KAH ALG AO N
TAR APUR AKO LA
P IP A V A V
B O IS A R
M A R IA N I
M IS A
BARH
V IN D H Y A CHAL
SATNA
KATH ALGURI
S IL IG U R I/B IR P A R A
500M W
NAGDA
D IH A N G D A M W E
B O N G A IG A O N
G 'P U R
ZERDA
DEHGAM
RANGANADI
TEESTA
B E A R IL L Y
LUC KN O W
W ARDA
CHANDRAPUR
1000M W
TALC HER
JEYPO RE
L O N IK A N D
KOYNA
KARAD
RAM AGUNDAM
SR
KO LH APUR
20
00
M
W
GAZUW AKA
M
W
V IJ A Y A W A D A
PONDA
20
00
NARENDRA
S IR S I
K A IG A
K R IS H N A P A T N A M
C H IT T O O R
M YSORE
BAN G ALO RE
HOSUR
LA
KS
C O C H IN
SOUTH CHENNAI
S IN G A R P E T
PU G ALUR
C U D D ALO RE
K O Z H IK O D E
LEG END
E X IS T IN G /
IX P L A N
SALEM
HA
K A R A IK U D I
7 6 5 K V L IN E S
KAYAM KULAM
DW
T R IV A N D R U M
KAYATHAR
EE
KU D AN KULAM
4 0 0 K V L IN E S
H V D C B /B
P
H V D C B IP O L E
7 6 5 K V L IN E S IN X P L A N . T O B E C H A R G E D A T 4 0 0 K V IN IT IA L L Y
T O B E C H A R G E D A T 7 6 5 K V U N D E R N A T IO N A L G R ID
X PLAN
N A T IO N A L
G R ID
XI PLAN
Growth of Cumulative capacity of Interregional links
Cumulative Capacity (MW)
35000
30000
30000
23000
25000
20000
15000
10000
4850
5000
0
Plan
By 2002
By 2006-07
By 2011- 12
Present State of Distribution
• Distribution is the Weakest link in the entire
power chain
• Distribution is characterised by inefficiency –
High losses – both technical and non-technical
Inadequate metering
Interruption on power supply
Unplanned growth – weak network
Poor quality
• Tardy record in billing and revenue collection –
weak financial health of utilities
Distribution Reforms
•
APDRP initiated by GoI to improve the distribution system in
the country with following objectives :
a) Make the distribution circles commercially viable by
reducing the aggregate Technical and Commercial
loss (ATC)
b) Improvement in quality of power supply
c) Customer satisfaction
•
Govt. of India budgeted an outlay of about Rs. 40,000
Crores for next 5 years.
•
Govt of India appointed POWERGRID & NTPC as lead
Advisor cum Consultant (AcC)
POWERGRID’s Role in APDRP
•
POWERGRID assigned 81 nos. of circles in 18 States all over the
country
•
For these circles schemes for improvement in distribution system
approved by MOP at total cost of about Rs 5000 Crores. Schemes
covers –
– 100% metering at consumers & system level
– Energy Audit and Accounting
– Upgradation/strengthening of sub-transmission and distribution network
including revamping of S/s and DTs
•
In addition schemes of about Rs.850 crores being executed by
POWERGRID in various States on bilateral agreement basis.
•
POWERGRID is also carrying out Rural Electrification works in about
2600 villages in Bihar
Thank You