Transcript Ch 18 Notes - Peoria Public Schools
CHAPTER 18 INDUSTRY & URBAN GROWTH
CHAPTER 18 I CAN STATEMENT
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW INDUSTRIALIZATION INCREASED THE SPEED OF CHANGE IN THE UNITED STATES
Bullet points p. 637 Read pgs. 608-613 • ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Section1 A New Industrial Revolution
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW CONDITIONS IN THE U.S. SPURRED THE GROWTH OF INDUSTRY
ASSIGNMENT •
Do Time Line of inventions From 1851 – 1913. Due Thursday. At least 15 items.
TIME LINE EXAMPLE
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • NEW INVENTIONS & DISCOVERIES Bessemer Process – Steel – Oil in Pennsylvania – 1859 Sholes’ typewriter - 1868 Transcontinental RR – 1869 Bell’s telephone - 1876 Edison’s phonograph – 1877
1851
Edison light bulb – 1879 Edison power plant – 1882 Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883 1 st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany Eastman’s camera – 1888 1 st 1 st 1 st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893 motion picture camera – Louis Lumiere – France - 1895 powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903 Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford
1913
Bessemer Process - 1851
Oil in Pennsylvania - 1859
Sholes’ typewriter - 1868
Transcontinental RR – 1869
Bell’s telephone - 1876
Edison’s phonograph – 1877
Edison light bulb – 1879
Edison power plant – 1882
Matzeliger’s shoe making machine – 1883
1 st practical auto – Benz – 1885 - Germany
Eastman’s camera – 1888
1 st U.S. production car – Duryea – 1893 Charles – born Canton, IL 1861
Louis Lumiere – Movie Camera France - 1895
1 st powered flight – Wright brothers – 1903
Assembly line perfected – Henry Ford 1913
Bullet points p. 637 • • Read pgs. 625- 629 • ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ ___________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ____________________________________
Ch 18 Sec 4 The New Immigrants • I can understand how the experience of immigrants was both positive and negative
Statistics • Between 1865 and 1915 – 25 million immigrants to U.S.
• This is more than the U.S. population in 1850
Reasons • • LAND Amount of European farmland shrinking while populations grew RELIGIOUS FREEDOM Jews from Russia Christians from Turkey
Reasons • POLITICAL UNREST 1910 Mexican Revolution • JOBS U.S. companies recruited from overseas
Reasons • FREEDOM Drew people who wanted democracy and liberty
Immigrant Divisions • • •
Early 1800’s
• Most from Northern and Western Europe Most Protestant Spoke English Knew some democracy • • •
Late 1800’s
• From Southern or Eastern Europe Most Catholic or Jewish Few spoke English Little knowledge of democracy
A New Life • • • Difficult decision to leave Miserable trip Most took trip in steerage – large compartments that usually held cattle
Difficult Trip • • • Crowded conditions • Little ventilation Sea sick Easy to catch diseases
Ellis Island • • Arrivals from Europe through Ellis Island • Physical examinations Disabled or sick sent back
Who Came 1865 - 1915
Where Did They Go • 2/3 stayed in cities Mulberry St.
Little Italy
ASSIMILATION • • • • Immigration Societies helped Older people clung with traditions Younger people adapted easily Education
EDUCATION “ The essence of American opportunity, the treasure that no thief can touch . . . Surer, safer than bread or butter.”
Naturalization • 5 year wait (unless joined military – then 1 year) • Speak English • Give up previous citizenship • Law abiding
Naturalization • 2 witnesses • Not a polygamist • Not an anarchist • Minor children citizens when parents are
Contributions
Contributions
Contributions NEW FOODS • Spaghetti • Chow Mein • Bagels
Famous Immigrants • Alexander Graham Bell – Scotland • Samuel Goldwyn – Poland • Louis Mayer – Ukraine • Arturo Toscanini – Italy • Leo Baekeland - Belgium
Nativism • The policy of protecting the interests of native inhabitants against those of immigrants. • Political thought against immigrants
BECAUSE
Nativism 1. Different languages 2.
3.
“ religions “ customs 4. Immigrants are violent 5.
“ are criminals 6.
“ are anarchists
WHAT DOES THIS SOUND LIKE?
Response 1. Chinese Exclusion Act – 1882 2. Immigrants required to read and write – 1917 3. Violence against immigrants 4. Discrimination
Bullet Points p. 637 Read pgs. 614-619 • ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Ch 18 Sec 2 Big Business & Organized Labor
I CAN UNDERSTAND HOW BIG BUSINESS CHANGED THE WORKPLACE AND GAVE RISE TO ORGANIZED LABOR
Ch 18 Sec 2 • Business were no longer small shops producing goods • Now business was factories, employing many and producing goods
How did they do it?
• Corporations – Businesses owned by many people, investors.
EXAMPLE
THE MADDOX WIDGET FACTORY
BANKING • Banks loaned money to corporations • Corporations paid it back with interest
What is interest?
Growth of Big Business • Monopolies Businesses that controlled all of the business • Example – The Maddox Widget business owns the factory, the supplies to make the widgets, the shipping of the widgets and the sale of the widgets.
• • Examples Andrew Carnegie Started in RR’s Gained control of steel making industry • Made more steel than all steel mills in England •
WHAT DID HE OWN?
EXAMPLES JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER • • • • • Age 23, invested in an oil refinery Profits bought other oil companies Created many corporations controlled by one board of directors This is called a trust Standard Oil Co.
EXAMPLES •
Meatpacking
•
Sugar refining
•
Copper wire
• • Trusts and Monopolies The Debate
GOOD
• Builds the economy • Creates jobs Keeps prices low Consumers can afford products
BAD
• Threat to free enterprise • Unfairly eliminates competition • Corrupts politicians
SOCIAL DARWINISM • • DARWINISM – Only the strongest and best survive – Survival of the fittest SOCIAL DARWINISM – Only the strongest and fittest companies survive
HOW DOES THIS AFFECT WORKERS?
The Workplace • Before the war, business owners knew their employees • In big factories, a worker was just a number
WORKERS Women and Children • Textile (clothes and garments) industry • Tobacco factories • Bottle factories • Mines
Dangerous Conditions • • • Breathing dust from factories and mines Molten metal burned and killed steel workers •
NO WORKERS COMPENSATION Social Darwinism says survival of the fittest keep prices down
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory • March 25, 1911, Fire • Exit doors locked to prevent sneaking off the job • Firetruck ladders too short • 150 dead – mostly women
Workers Organize • Attempts to organize Unions often failed • Companies hired security guards to attack union organizers • Some state law prohibited strikes
Knights of Labor • • • 1869 – Philadelphia – Small secret Union 1879 – New leader does not use strikes – uses public rallies Admits women, African Americans, immigrants, unskilled laborers
• Haymarket Square • • May 4, 1886 – Bomb explosion at a rally • 1 police officer dead Police fire on Union members but kill 7 other police officers, wound 60 cops and unknown number of civilians Knights of Labor lose influence
AFL • • 1886 – Samuel Gompers organizes the American Federation of Labor Skilled workers only – No African Americans or immigrants
WHY SKILLED WORKERS ONLY?
•
SKILLED WORKERS ARE HARD TO REPLACE
Collective Bargaining • • Union negotiates with management • Strikes only as a last resort By 1904, 1 million members
Depression • 1893 – Depression - Production cut - Workers fired - Wages cut • Pullman workers had pay cut 25% but still charged the same for housing
Pullman • • Workers go on strike • RR’s crippled President Cleveland sends troops to force workers back to work
Backlash • Most Americans see Unions as radical and violent • Only 3% of Americans in Unions
Bullet Points p. 6137 Read pgs. 620 - 624 • ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________
Ch 18 Sec 3 Cities Grow and Change
I CAN UNDERSTAND THE CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF THE RAPID GROWTH OF CITIES
Why it matters • The new Industrial Revolution changed the way Americans worked and lived • It also changed where they worked and lived
• • Urbanization • • 1860 – 1 in five Americans lived in cities • 1890 – 1 in 3 lived in cities Cities attracted industry Industry attracted people Fastest growing cities near water
Growing up and out • New Technology 1. Elevated trains 2. Electric street cars 3. Public transportation 4. Steel bridges 5. Skyscrapers
Living Patterns • • • Poor families lived in oldest sections Middle class lived farther out, row houses – apartment buildings Upper class on edge of city
• Problems Fire – 1871 – Great Chicago Fire • Tenement life Few windows, heat or plumbing Garbage • ½ of babies died before age 1
Improvements • Streetlights • Police and Fire Departments • Public Health Departments • Hospital – clinics • Salvation Army
Settlement Houses • Jane Addams – Hull House – Chicago – 1889 • Helping urban poor 1. English lessons 2. Nurseries 3. Music 4. Sports 5. Sponsored legislation to outlaw child labor
EXCITEMENT • Farm Life – The work is never done • City Life – Work for the boss then you’re off
HOW DOES THIS FEEL??
Up every mornin’ just to keep a job I gotta fight my way through the hustling mob Sounds of the city poundin’ in my brain While another day goes down the drain
Tradin’ my time for the pay I get Livin’ on money that I ain’t made yet I’ve been goin’ tryin’ to make my way While I live for the end of the day
IF THIS IS YOU, WHAT WOULD YOU WANT?
Shopping •
Department stores
• Leisure Museums – Museum of Natural History
• Orchestras Leisure • Art Galleries • Theatre • Circuses
New York’s Central Park
Sports • Baseball 1 st Professional baseball team – 1869 – Cincinnati Red Stockings
Sports • Basketball – 1891 – James Naismith
44 • Football Sports
Ch 18 Sec 5 Education and Culture
I can understand the causes and effects of an expanded educational system
Assignment 1. Read pages 632 – 635 2. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Key Terms and People – pg. 632 3. Do Ch 18 Sec 5 Graphic Organizer
4. Quiz Tuesday
Ch 18 Sec 5 Education and Culture • • • • Before 1870, < ½ of children went to school 1852 – Mass. 1 st compulsory education law Most Northern states required education Many Southern states did not require education
WHY??
• An industrialized society needs educated workers
High School • LOOK AT CHART ON PAGE 633 • Most states required 10 th grade education • Not until 1950 did over ½ of students graduate
Writers • • Dime novels – Wild West stories Realists – Show life as it is Jack London Stephen Crane
Mark Twain • Real Name – Samuel Clemens Huckleberry Finn Tom Sawyer
Newspapers • • • By 1900 ½ of worlds papers were printed in U.S.
• Newspapers linked to Urbanization Joseph Pulitzer created first modern newspaper Cut price of New York World –
WHY??
Newspapers • • • • • Sensational headlines Crime – scandal Pictures Faked interviews Full color comics