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OMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions
OMICS International welcomes submissions that are original
and technically so as to serve both the developing world and
developed countries in the best possible way.
OMICS Journals are poised in excellence by publishing high
quality research. OMICS International follows an Editorial
Manager® System peer review process and boasts of a strong
and active editorial board.
Editors and reviewers are experts in their field and provide
anonymous, unbiased and detailed reviews of all submissions.
The journal gives the options of multiple language translations
for all the articles and all archived articles are available in
HTML, XML, PDF and audio formats. Also, all the published
articles are archived in repositories and indexing services like
DOAJ, CAS, Google Scholar, Scientific Commons, Index
Copernicus, EBSCO, HINARI and GALE.
For more details please visit our website:
http://omicsonline.org/Submitmanuscript.p
OMICS Journals are welcoming Submissions
OMICS International
welcomes submissions
that are original and
technically so as to
serve both the
developing world and
developed countries in
the best possible way.
OMICS Journals are
poised in excellence
by publishing high
quality research.
OMICS Group follows
an Editorial Manager®
System peer review
process and boasts of
a strong and active
editorial board.
Editors and reviewers
are experts in their
field and provide
anonymous, unbiased
and detailed reviews
of all submissions.
The journal gives the
options of multiple
language translations for
all the articles and all
archived articles are
available in HTML, XML,
PDF and audio formats.
Also, all the published
articles are archived in
repositories and
indexing services like
DOAJ, CAS, Google
Scholar, Scientific
Commons, Index
Copernicus, EBSCO,
HINARI and GALE.
For more details please visit our website:
http://omicsonline.org/Submitmanuscript.php
EPIGENETICS
‘the study of mitotically and/or
meiotically heritable changes in
gene function that cannot
be explained by changes in DNA
sequence’
Adrian Bird (2007)
Epigenetic
mechanisms
Ac
- Me
Gluckman et al. 2009
Disease:
a price of adaptation?
Predictive Adaptive Response (PAR) hypothesis
The epigenetic adaptation processes implying alterations of gene expression to
buffer the organism against environmental changes support adaptability to the
expected life-course conditions.
Gluckman and Hanson, 2004
EXAMPLE: MEADOW VOLE
spring-born offspring –
thin coat
autumn-born offspring –
thick coat
Catch-up growth and adult-onset metabolic disease
Type 2 diabetes in cohorts exposed
to the Ukraine famine of 1932-33
in early life
Study design: geography
No famine
Severe famine
(PD up to 15%)
Extreme famine
(PD 25% or more)
2,5
400000
2
300000
1,5
200000
1
100000
0,5
0
0
1
3
5
7
1930
9
11
13
15
17
19
1931
21
23
25
27
29
31
33
1932
35
37
39
41
43
1933
45
47
49
51
53
55
1934
57
59
61
63
65
67
1935
69
71
73
75
77
79
1936
81
83
85
87
89
91
1937
93
95
97
99 101 103 105 107
1938
Year and month of birth
Adapted from Vaiserman et al. 2013
Monthly odds ratio for T2DM
Monthly number of deaths
500000
Conclusions
1. In utero exposure to Ukraine famine led to an increased risk
of type 2 diabetes in adulthood.
2. The highest risk was seen in those persons who were exposed
to the famine periconceptionally.
3. It suggests an epigenetic basis for this long-term
programming effect.
Seasonal programming
of diabetes mellitus
in Ukraine

Genes
December-born persons

Prenatal
impacts

Postnatal
impacts

Life-course
impacts
May-born persons

Genes

Prenatal
impacts

Postnatal
impacts

Life-course
impacts
Seasonality of birth for T1D in Ukraine
Birth 1960-1969
Birth 1970-1979
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.0
0.9
0.8
1.0
Birth 1980-1989
Birth 1990-2003
1.3
Rate ratio
Rate ratio
1.1
1.2
1.1
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.8
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D
J
F M A
M
J
J
A
S O
N D
J
F M A
M
J
J
A
S O
N D
Month of birth
Vaiserman et al., Diabetologia 2007
Seasonality of birth for T2D in Ukraine
1.2
1.3
Chernigiv: male
Kherson: male
Rivne: male
1.15
1.2
1.1
1.1
1
0.9
0.8
1
Chernigiv: female
1.3
Kherson: female
Rivne: female
Rate Ratio
Rate Ratio
1.05
1.2
0.95
1.1
0.9
1
0.85
0.9
0.8
0.8
J
F
M
A
M
J
J
A
S
O
N
D J
M
M
J
S
N
J
M
M
J
S
N
J
M
M
J
S
N
Month of Birth
Vaiserman et al 2009
Seasonal programming
of adult longevity in Ukraine
Vaiserman et al 2002
Aging trajectory:
could it be epigenetically programmed?
‘Diabetic’ aging trajectory (BW<2.5 kg)
Maternal
undernutrition
Anabolic
processes
Catabolic
processes
IUGR
IGF-1
Low birth
weight
Apoptosis
Catch-up
growth
T2D
CVD
Osteoporosis
Depressive
disorder
Insulin/leptin
resistance
Genetic
susceptibility
HPA axis
programming
Adult
metabolic
syndrome
Adapted from Vaiserman, 2014
‘Cancerous’ aging trajectory (BW>4.5 kg)
Maternal
overnutrition/
gestational
diabetes
Anabolic
processes
IGF-1
Catabolic
processes
Apoptosis
LGA
High birth
weight
Prostate cancer
Breast cancer
Lung cancer
Colorectal
cancer
Increased
adipocyte size
Genetic
susceptibility
Lipogenic
enzyme
activity
Adult obesity
Adapted from Vaiserman, 2014
Epigenetic programming of aging
trajectories in early life
Alexander Vaiserman,
Institute of Gerontology, Kiev
Journal of Gerontology& Geriatric
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© Avedro 2011