Transcript Macro Cognition: Using SGOMS to Pilot a Flight Simulator

Macro Cognition :
Using SGOMS to Pilot a Flight Simulator
Sterling Somers : [email protected]
Dr. Robert West : [email protected]
Both @
Institute of Cognitive Science
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada
SGOMS
• SGOMS is an extension of GOMS to deal with interruptions,
teamwork, and re-planning
• Adds a control structure above unit tasks – planning unit
• SGOMS in ACT-R
• A particular way to program ACT-R to do complex tasks
• Adds more buffers to ACT-R
• Planning unit buffer
• Unit task buffer
• Method buffer
• These can be thought of collectively as the goal module
• To test SGOMS we need to show that it works across tasks
Different SGOMS models in the lab
Why Aviation?
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Real World
Dynamic
Both Planned and Reactive Behaviour
Replanning
Expertise
Continuous / Feedback
Interface
Simulator
• FlightGear
• Free
• Open Source (hack simulation loop?)
Custom Python API
• Property tree via UDP/HTTP/Telnet
• http/telnet simultaneously (read/write)
• State / Control of aircraft
Problem
• Real time VS ACT-R time (for now…)
Simple Vision
• Python bindings to OpenCV
• Very efficient
• Redundancy check possible
Vision
Top Down:
• SOS Vision
Vision Module:
• When not busy
• Request from environment
• Motion Detection
Motion Detection
Python bindings OpenCV
• Screen shot VS centre of screen comparison / frame
Screen Shot at frame 1
Screen Shot at frame 2
(arrow indicates direction of movement)
Vision : Dynamic Salience / Context Dependence
Vision uses salience factor (0-1) to determine probability of
seeing an environment item
• Salience of Horizontal and Vertical movement calculated
according to size of movement (in pixels ∆ 𝑑)
∆ 𝑑0.5
𝑛
• 𝑛 is pixel movement threshold
• Possible different 𝑛 for different contexts?
Planning Unit: Prepare for take off
DM
+
Planning Unit: To take off speed
Cue:
Motor module: not busy
Auditory Module: no engine noise
DM
Unit Task: Get to speed
Unit Task: Get Started
+
Press Both Brakes
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Release Brakes
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Start Engine
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To Full Throttle
Unit Task: Watch Speed
Unit Task: Do settings
+
Operator Pool
Motor Methods
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Set Trim
Read Air Speed
Start Engine
Press Both Brakes
Recall Heading
Maintain Heading
To Full Throttle
Set Trim
Look Heading
Rudder Left/Right
To Full Throttle:
Continue increasing throttle until lever stops moving
Planning Unit: To take off speed
DM
Maintain Heading
Unit Task: Get to speed
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Release Brakes
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To Full Throttle
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Rudder, etc.
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Clear Buffer
(resulting in resume)
Interruption
Unit Task: Watch Speed
Read Air Speed
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Vision Module
Look at [target]
Look out window
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Top-down request
Opportunistic, when no top-down request
See movement
Reasonable sized move
Interruption
• Interruptions and re-planning take place on different levels
• Case 1
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Bottom up scanning
Small
Expected
Context remains the same (still taking off)
Handle it within the unit task
• Case 2
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Bottom up scanning
Large
Unexpected
Context is changed (abort take off)
New unit task needed
• SGOMS Hypothesis – there is a set processing structure used across tasks
Thank you.
Sterling Somers : [email protected]
Dr. Robert West : [email protected]
Both @
Institute of Cognitive Science
Carleton University
Ottawa, ON, Canada