Transcript Retrieval by accumulating evidence in ACT-R

ACT-R Workshop Schedule
Opening: ACT-R from CMU’s Perspective
9:00 - 9:45 Overview of ACT-R -- John R. Anderson
9:45 – 10:30 Details of ACT-R 6.0 -- Dan Bothell
Break: 10:30 – 11:00
Presentations 1: Architecture
11:00 – 11:30 Functional constraints on architectural mechanisms -- Christian Lebiere
11:30 – 12:00 Retrieval by Accumulating Evidence in ACT-R -- Leendert van Maanen
12:00 – 12:30 A mechanism for decisions in the absence of prior reward -- Vladislav D.
Veksler
Lunch: 12:30 – 1:30
Presentations 2: Extensions
1:30 – 2:00 ACT-R forays into the semantic web -- Lael J. Schooler
2:00 – 2:30 Making Models Tired: A Module for Fatigue -- Glenn F. Gunzelmann
2:30 – 3:00 Acting outside the box: Truly embodied ACT-R -- Anthony Harrison
3:00 - 3:30 Interfacing ACT-R with different types of environments and with different
techniques: Issues and Suggestions.-- Michael J. Schoelles
Break: 3:30 – 4:00
Panel: 4:00 – 5:30: Future of ACT-R from a non-CMU Perspective
Danilo Fum, Kevin A. Gluck, Wayne D. Gray, Niels A. Taatgen, J. Gregory Trafton,
Richard M. Young
Retrieval by Accumulating
Evidence in ACT-R
Leendert van Maanen
University of Groningen
[email protected]
Memory is vital for behavior
Picture-word interference
Picture-word interference
Giraffe
Picture-word interference data
Giraffe
giraffe
giraffe
0.1
(Glaser & Düngelhoff, 1984)
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
ACT-R model of PWI task
Expected model of PWI task
The ACT-R retrieval process
Giraffe
Sequential Sampling framework
Accumulators
threshold 
Sequential Sampling framework
Giraffe
Accumulators
threshold 
Sequential Sampling
› Response time = Decision time + Additional processes
RACE/A
› Retrieval by accumulating evidence
› Accumulates activation
› Until a decision criterion
› Integration of cognitive architecture and sequential
sampling model
• Both the control structure of ACT-R
• And the level of detail from sequential sampling
models (specifically, Leaky Competitive
Accumulator, Usher & McClelland, 2001)
The RACE/A retrieval process
The RACE/A retrieval process
The RACE/A retrieval process
Picture-word Interference Model
Giraffe
giraffe
giraffe
0.1
(Glaser & Düngelhoff, 1984)
Van Maanen & Van Rijn, 2007
RACE/A Parameters
:race-saliency
external activation
:ratio-ratio
decision boundary
:race-a
decay rate (complements d)
:race-b
spreading activation scaling factor
Baselevel activation
Spreading activation (Sji)
RACE/A Parameters
:race-saliency
external activation
:ratio-ratio
decision criterion
:race-a
decay rate (complements d)
:race-b
spreading activation scaling factor
Baselevel activation
Spreading activation
:race-saliency
:race-ratio
e Ai

Aj
e
j

RACE/A Parameters
:race-saliency
external activation
:ratio-ratio
decision boundary
:race-a
decay rate (complements d)
:race-b
spreading activation scaling factor
Baselevel activation
Spreading activation
Baselevel activation differences
:race-ratio
:race-ratio
RACE/A Parameters
:race-saliency
external activation
:ratio-ratio
decision boundary
:race-a
decay rate (complements d)
:race-b
spreading activation scaling factor
Baselevel activation
Spreading activation (Sji)
Spreading activation differences
:race-ratio
giraffe
:race-ratio
Giraffe
RACE/A Parameters
:race-saliency
external activation
:ratio-ratio
decision boundary
:race-a
decay rate (complements d)
:race-b
spreading activation scaling factor
Baselevel activation
Spreading activation
:race-a
:race-ratio
:race-ratio
Sequences of retrievals
› RACE/A: dependencies between declarative
retrievals
:race-ratio
Retrieval 1
Retrieval 2
Retrieval 2
RACE/A may be useful for
› Models of competitive processes
• Stroop task / Picture-word interference (Van Maanen
& Van Rijn, 2008)
• Classification
• Absolute identification
› Models of sequences of retrievals
• Language production/interpretation
• (Diagnostic) reasoning
• Psychological refractory period (Van Maanen et al, in
press, PB&R)
Summary RACE/A
› Integration of cognitive architecture and sequential
sampling model
• ACT-R
• Leaky Competitive Accumulator (Usher & McClelland, 2001)
› Meant to explain
• Competitive processes in memory retrieval
• Sequential processes in memory retrieval
› Especially useful in complex tasks
• For example: PWI-PRP (eg. ICCM talk)
More information
› Download module + documentation
http://www.ai.rug.nl/~leendert/race
› Contact me
[email protected]
› Read my thesis
Thank you for your
attention!
Hedderik van Rijn
Niels Taatgen
Collaborators:
Leendert van Maanen ([email protected])
Multilink priming
› Mediated priming effects found (Becker, Moscovitch,
Behrmann, & Joordens, 1997; Joordens & Besner, 1992)
• Bull primes milk (via cow)
• Evidence for spreading activation over multiple
connections
Activation in ACT-R and RACE/A
› Activation in ACT-R: based on rational analysis
• Neural implementation (ACTR/NN)
• Neural interpretation (Anderson, 2007)
• Shows that ACT-Rs latency equation make
similar predictions as accumulator models (in
the one-chunk case!)
› Activation in RACE/A: based on neurally inspired
accumulator models
• the RACE/A decision process is an estimate of the
optimal (=rational) decision time (MSPRT, McMillen
& Holmes, 2006)