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Response to an Animal Disease Emergency Steps in a Response • • • • • • • • Detection Investigation/Diagnosis Quarantine/Stop Movements Surveillance Depopulation Disposal Cleaning and Disinfection Indemnity/Recovery HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Detection • Unusual sign noted by: –Producer, local vet • Diagnostic laboratory • Processing plant Local Initial Response • Local Risk and Response Assessment • Response Response Actions •Quarantine; State State or Federal animal handler or processor, DVM contacts State Veterinarian or AVIC • FADD sent to investigate (within 24 hours) • Samples submitted to Federal Lab action levels determined based on disease suspected or diagnosed • Activation of State Response Plan and/or National Response Framework Stop Movements •Surveillance •Depopulation and Disposal •Vaccination (?) •Cleaning and Disinfection Local Recovery •Indemnity •Business HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Continuity Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Animal Disease Emergency Indicators • • • • • • • • Increased illness, death, or abortion rates Significant drop in production Ulcers or blisters around the animal’s mouth or feet Sudden lameness Any nervous system signs Pox or lumpy skin conditions Severe respiratory conditions Any unusual or unexplained illness HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 FADD Investigation • Foreign Animal Disease Diagnostician – Specially trained veterinarian • • – – – Over 500 FADD investigations in U.S. each year In Iowa, 25-50 each year Visits premise within 24 hours Inspects animals and makes field diagnosis Consults with State Veterinarian and AVIC on case priority and necessary actions • • • Sample collection Sample handling (priority level) Control measures: movement restrictions, quarantine HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Case Priorities Unlikely • History and clinical signs do NOT indicate FAD Possible • History or clinical signs not consistent • Movement Highly Likely • Epidemiology • Quarantine • Contacts HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH hold placed on animals by the State and clinical signs fit FAD initiated by the State traced from farm to other farms Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Animal Health Laboratory Submissions • Routine (daily) testing – – – • ISU CVM Diagnostic Laboratory Other Private Laboratory Facilities National Veterinary Laboratory Network When a foreign animal disease is suspected – – Foreign Animal Disease Laboratory, Plum Island, NY (cloven hoofed) National Veterinary Services Laboratory – Ames (poultry, equine, fish) HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Response Actions based on laboratory diagnosis initial testing results in 12-24 hours Presumptive Positive • Initiate national and international communications plan • Depopulate • Activate • Initiate infected herd local, State and USDA APHIS EOCs Governor’s declaration of emergency • Consider U.S. Secretary’s emergency declaration • Consider national movement hold on animals/animal products Confirmed Positive HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH • Mobilize State, Federal response resources • Request Presidential declaration or NRP resources • Make international notification Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Response • Preparedness plan in action – • Expedient, safe, effective Level of response depends on: Particular disease – Ability of disease to spread – Degree of spread – Resources available – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Single Premises Response • • • • • • • One location FADD investigates Diagnosis Quarantine premises Most coordination at State level Treat or depopulate Federal authorities manage international issues HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Multiple Premises, Confined Area Response Everything for single premise • Increased quarantine Area • REGIONAL Involvement • – • State, federal and industry agricultural authorities handle situation with or without State Declared Emergency USDA Secretary of Agriculture may issue Declaration of Emergency HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Multiple Premises, Multi-State Response • • • • • • Previous response actions plus National movement controls State Level Emergency declared U.S. Secretary of Agriculture requests assistance from DHS National Response Plan and ESF 11 activated APHIS is the lead agency HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Euthansia • • • Humane method Determined by State or Federal Veterinarian May include Cervical dislocation – Carbon dioxide – Captive bolt – Anesthetic overdose – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Disposal Options • • • • • • Burial on-site Composting Incineration Rendering Alkaline hydrolysis Landfill – Biosecurity concerns • • • Disease characteristics Quarantine zones Open burning (not allowed in Iowa) HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Disposal Options • Disposal restricted by – Disease characteristics • • • Ease of transmission Method of transmission Zoonotic potential Quarantine zones – Other restrictions per the State Veterinarian – HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 IDNR: Carcass Disposal Maps • www.iowadnr.gov – Site considerations of burial locations • • • • Environmental: Water tables Proximity to habitation Disease transmission GIS Mapping - Interactive – – Mapping (GIS interactive) 3 tiered approach • • • Red – restricted zones Multiple colors – cautionary zones Green – No known restrictions HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Recovery • • Restore confidence Requires time, money, effort Cleaning and disinfection – Indemnity for livestock owners – Restocking – • Business continuity HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008 Acknowledgments Development of this presentation was funded by a grant from the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management and the Iowa Department of Agriculture and Land Stewardship to the Center for Food Security and Public Health at Iowa State University. Contributing Authors: Glenda Dvorak, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Danelle BickettWeddle, DVM, MPH, DACVPM; Gayle Brown, DVM, PhD HSEMD, IDALS, CFSPH Animal Disease Emergency Local Response Preparedness, 2008