Transcript ppt

Comparative Precipitation Analysis and Validation
of NEXRAD (Stage III) Data, Stream Flow Data,
and Rain Gauge Data located
in the San Antonio Basin
Jayar S. Griffith
Next Generation Weather Radar WSR-88D
(NEXRAD)
Resolution: 1,2,4 (km)
Temporal
Resolution: 6-10 min
Maximum Reflectivity
Range: 143 miles
Remote Sensing
Radar emits energy
160 Radars
http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov
Dr. Hongjie Xie
Z-R Relation
Reflectivity
Precipitation
receiver
Z
R
Standard
Z = 300 R1.4
Tropical
Z = 250 R1.2
Dr. Hongjie Xie
NEXRAD Products
GRLevelII Software
Level II: Reflectivity Product
Level III: Rainfall Product
Stage I: Hourly Digital
Precipitation (HDP)
Stage II: HDP Merges with
Rainfall Gages
Stage III: Mosaic Stage II
cover a RFC area
Stage IV: Mosaic Stage III
for CONUS
Real Time NEXRAD DATA on the WEB
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/radar
NEXRAD 0.5 Base Reflectivity
http://www.rap.ucar.edu/weather/radar
Area of Study
San
Basin
Watershed
SanAntonio
Antonio
River
Basin Watershed
®
SA River Basin DEM
sadem
Value
3 - 126.0625
126.0625001 - 229.546875
229.5468751 - 352.609375
352.6093751 - 500.84375
500.8437501 - 719
0 20 40
0
220
440
880 Kilometers
80 Kilometers
Jayar S. Griffith
ES6503 Rainfall Project
Source: TNRIS, ESRI, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: GCS_North_American_1983
San Antonio Basin Sub-Regions
«
PE
UP
AN
RS
MEDINA
AN
CIBOLO
N
TO
IO
San Antonio River Basin
LOWER SAN ANTONIO
LowerSA
Cibolo
UpperSA
Medina
0
15
30
60 Miles
Jayar S. Griffith
San Antonio Basin Major River System
«
Leon Creek
Cibolo Creek
Salado Creek
Medina River
Upper SA River
Lower SA River
San Antonio River Basin
LowerSA
Cibolo
Medina
UpperSA
USGS Stream Flow Gage
SA Basin River System
0
15
30
60 Miles
Jayar S. Griffith
National Weather Service Rain Gage Network
415742
410902
411215
417945417947
417628
418169
417946
417422
412850
418653
418773
418658
413201
413065
414696
417836
413618413620
Hourly Rain Gage Data
COOP ID Rain Gage
Station
Data unavailable on
Internet
No Rain Gage Validation
http://nndc.noaa.gov
USGS Stream Flow Data
Stream Flow Data in Hourly
Discharge (cfs) is only
available within the past
31 days
Data must be downloaded
monthly
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt
Analysis of Stream Flow Data
Stream Flow USGS Gage:
08181500
«
Leon Creek
Cibolo Creek
Discharge,
cfs
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
15:15
4.6
3
208
Hour
Salado Creek
Discharge, cubic
meters
16
Medina River
Upper SA River
Lower SA River
San Antonio River Basin
LowerSA
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
15:30
4.7
7
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
15:45
4.8
8
248
16
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
16:00
4.9
8
265
16
Cibolo
230
Medina
16
UpperSA
USGS Stream Flow Gage
SA Basin River System
0
951
16
Total
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
16:15
5.0
2
272
17
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
16:30
5.0
6
279
17
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
16:45
5.0
6
279
17
USGS
8181
500
10/23/2004
17:00
5.0
7
281
17
1111
17
Total
269.29
15
30
60 Miles
1) Download Hourly Stream Flow Data
2) Convert Text file to Excel
314.60
USGS Stream Flow Data
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt
Where to Download NEXRAD Data
Monthly-Hourly Rainfall
Data
Data is compressed
multi-tarred files
http://dipper.nws.noaa.gov/hdsb/data/nexrad/wgrfc_stageiii.html
Data Collection and Analysis
Establish NEXRAD Stage III Database
Download Rainfall Data from NOAA
(Compressed and Multi-tarred Binary file)
stage3_102004_WG.tar
Uncompress Multi-tarred Binary file by automated data conversion
designed by Dr. Hongjie Xie
Uncompressed ASCII to GIS Grid – 1.3 Gb
Workflow of Data Conversion
Re-projection from
Polar-stereographic to
Texas Centric NAD83 Albers
Dr. Xie
ASCII files to GIS Grid Files
NEXRAD Projected in GIS
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_16
-
Re-Define Arcview
Shapefiles to equal
NEXRAD Projection.
GCS_NAD83 to Albers
r10242004_16z
Value
0 - 0.508125007
0
25
50
100 Miles
0.508125007 - 2.286562532
2.286562533 - 6.266875088
6.266875089 - 12.87250018
12.87250019 - 21.68000031
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Pixel Value of NEXRAD Data (4km)
GIS Spatial Analyst
•2 km Buffer was created for each Sub-Region
Zonal Statistics
•Zonal Statistic for each Buffer vs Hourly Precip Data
Analysis of Rainfall Data and Stream Flow Data
NEXRAD Rainfall Data
Zonal Statistics with "Medina_L2_Buffer"
Medina Area = 3.49801 X10^9 sq meters
(sum x area = cubic meters)
Zonal Statistic
Hourly Precip.
Hour
sum, mm
sum, m
Area
NEXRAD (volume cubic m)
r10242004_16z
16
0
0
3.49801E+09
0.00E+00
r10242004_17z
17
0
0
3.49801E+09
0.00E+00
r10242004_18z
18
1.75
0.00175
3.49801E+09
6.12E+06
r10242004_19z
19
37.12
0.03712
3.49801E+09
1.30E+08
r10242004_20z
20
618.54
0.61854
3.49801E+09
2.16E+09
r10242004_21z
21
1656.59
1.65659
3.49801E+09
5.79E+09
r10242004_22z
22
1350.61
1.35061
3.49801E+09
4.72E+09
r10242004_23z
23
834.82
0.83482
3.49801E+09
2.92E+09
r10252004_00z
0
439.24
0.43924
3.49801E+09
1.54E+09
r10252004_01z
1
570.25
0.57025
3.49801E+09
1.99E+09
r10252004_02z
2
333.6
0.3336
3.49801E+09
1.17E+09
r10252004_03z
3
67.33
0.06733
3.49801E+09
2.36E+08
r10252004_04z
4
0.18
0.00018
3.49801E+09
6.30E+05
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_17
-
r10242004_17z
Value
0 - 0.25
0.250000000 - 0.860000014
0
25
50
100 Miles
0.860000014 - 1.899999976
1.899999977 - 4.300000191
4.300000192 - 9.090000153
9.090000154 - 19.45000076
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_18
-
r10242004_18z
Value
0 - 0.219999999
0.219999999 - 0.860000014
0
25
50
100 Miles
0.860000014 - 1.99000001
1.990000011 - 3.769999981
3.769999982 - 6.940000057
6.940000058 - 12.27999973
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_19
-
r10242004_19z
Value
0 - 0.150000006
0.150000006 - 0.579999983
0
25
50
100 Miles
0.579999983 - 1.399999976
1.399999977 - 3.069999933
3.069999934 - 10.40999985
10.40999986 - 19.29999924
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_20
-
r10242004_20z
Value
0 - 0.400000006
0.400000006 - 1.669999957
0
25
50
100 Miles
1.669999958 - 4.059999943
4.059999944 - 7.989999771
7.989999772 - 14.35000038
14.35000039 - 27.81999969
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_21
-
r10242004_21z
Value
0 - 0.620000005
0.620000005 - 2.440000057
0
25
50
100 Miles
2.440000058 - 5.389999866
5.389999867 - 9.789999962
9.789999963 - 16.73999977
16.73999978 - 34.54000092
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_22
-
r10242004_22z
Value
0 - 1.330000043
1.330000044 - 5
0
25
50
100 Miles
5.000000001 - 10.26000023
10.26000024 - 17.14999962
17.14999963 - 28.54000092
28.54000093 - 54.09000015
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10242004_23
-
r10242004_23z
Value
0 - 1.389999986
1.389999987 - 5.090000153
0
25
50
100 Miles
5.090000154 - 10.64999962
10.64999963 - 18.12000084
18.12000085 - 28.20999908
28.20999909 - 48.74000168
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10252004_00
-
r10252004_00z
Value
0 - 1.139999986
1.139999987 - 3.559999943
0
25
50
100 Miles
3.559999944 - 6.769999981
6.769999982 - 11.56999969
11.5699997 - 19.18000031
19.18000032 - 56.06999969
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10252004_01
-
r10252004_01z
Value
0 - 1.309999943
1.309999944 - 3.99000001
0
25
50
100 Miles
3.990000011 - 6.880000114
6.880000115 - 10.63000011
10.63000012 - 16.73999977
16.73999978 - 35.56999969
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10252004_02
-
r10252004_02z
Value
0 - 1.340000033
1.340000034 - 4.429999828
0
25
50
100 Miles
4.429999829 - 8.430000305
8.430000306 - 13.67000008
13.67000009 - 22.85000038
22.85000039 - 51.95000076
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10252004_03
-
r10252004_03z
Value
0 - 1.070000052
1.070000053 - 3.539999962
0
25
50
100 Miles
3.539999963 - 6.789999962
6.789999963 - 11.35999966
11.35999967 - 18.94000053
18.94000054 - 49.52999878
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Hourly Precipitation
10252004_04
-
r10252004_04z
Value
0 - 0.680000007
0.680000007 - 2.210000038
0
25
50
100 Miles
2.210000039 - 4.079999924
4.079999925 - 7.170000076
7.170000077 - 11.88000011
11.88000012 - 21.63999939
Created by: Jayar S. Griffith
11/24/2004 RS5053 Project
Source: USGS, NOAA, TNRIS, Dr. Hongjie Xie
Projection: NAD 1983 Albers
Analysis of Rainfall Data and Stream Flow Data
1) Preliminary Statistics
NEXRAD (volume
cubic m)
Stream
Flowvs
vsStream
NEXRAD
(102304_22
102504_4)
NEXRAD
Flow
(Medina -Watershed)
120350.00
300.00
100
Stream Flow (cubic meters)
Stream Flow (cubic meters)
250.00
80
Discharge, cubic
m
0.00E+00
269.29
0.00E+00
314.60
6.12E+06
315.73
1.30E+08
293.36
2.16E+09
293.36
5.79E+09
287.42
4.72E+09
266.46
2.92E+09
253.44
1.54E+09
258.82
1.99E+09
255.13
1.17E+09
250.32
2.36E+08
243.81
6.30E+05
243.81
200.00
60
discharge,cubic m
Series1
150.00
40
100.00
20
50.00
0
0.00
0.00E+00
0.00E+00
5.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+09
1.50E+09
2.00E+09
2.50E+09
3.00E+09
3.50E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
6.00E+09
NEXRAD (cubic meters)
NEXRAD (cubic meters)
7.00E+09
Increase in Precipitation = Increase in Stream Flow
? Problem with Stream Flow Data, NEXRAD Data, or Projection ?
Need further analysis. Repeat Methods for month of November
Revised NEXRAD vs Stream Flow
Central Time Zone to UTC
2) Adjusted Statistics
NEXRAD vs Stream Flow
NEXRAD (volume
cubic m)
180000000
0.00E+00
0
0.00E+00
0
6.12E+06
173341.7867
1.30E+08
3676826.928
2.16E+09
61267902.16
5.79E+09
164089297.4
discharge, m
4.72E+09
133781228.9
Linear (discharge, m)
2.92E+09
82690965.95
1.54E+09
43507797.95
1.99E+09
56484659.37
1.17E+09
33043897.18
2.36E+08
6669201.429
6.30E+05
17829.44092
160000000
140000000
Stream Flow (cubic m)
120000000
100000000
80000000
60000000
40000000
20000000
0
0.00E+00
1.00E+09
2.00E+09
3.00E+09
4.00E+09
5.00E+09
6.00E+09
discharge, m
7.00E+09
NEXRAD (cubic m)
Zonal Statistic vs. Adjusted USGS Hourly Discharge
Results
Preliminary Results
►
Ground-truthing is needed to validate NEXRAD data
►
NEXRAD can be used when stream flow gages and rain gages are not available
►
Hourly Rain Gage Data is not free or available through NOAA website
►
Hourly Stream Flow Data must be downloaded monthly
►
NEXRAD Rainfall Data are large files (> 1 Gb)
►
Stream Flow data does not correlate with NEXRAD data
►
Method must be repeated for month of November
►
Problem with Projection in GIS Albers to Polar-stereographic
►
Develop a Geodatabase on a local server
Final Results
►
►
►
Linear Relationship of NEXRAD Stage III data vs Stream Flow data
USGS Stream Gage hours adjusted to Universal Time Zone
Relationship shows that Increase Precipitation = Increase in Stream Flow
Cibolo Creek at
Selma
Guadalupe River at
New Braunfels
Satellite Remote Sensing
Water Vapor Satellite Photos
715 AM CDT Fri Jul 5, 2002
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/ewx/html/wxevent/2002/jul2002/julfld2002.htm
GOES Remote Sensor
http://www.goes.noaa.gov
Reference
Habib, E. and W.F. Krajewski, 2002. Uncertainty Analysis of the TRMM GroundValidation Radar-Rainfall Products: Application to the TEFLUN-B
Field Campaign. Journal of Applied Meteorology 41:558-572.
Grassotti, C., R.N. Hoffman, E.R. Vivoni, and D. Entekhabi, 2003. Multiple
Timescale Intercomparison of Two Radar Products and Rain
Gauge Observations over the Arkansas-Red River Basin. Weather
and Forecasting 18(6):1207-1229
ESRI ArcGIS 9
Xie, H., Xiaobing, Z., Vivoni, E.R., Hendrickx, J.M.H, Small,
E.E, 2004. GIS-based NEXRAD Stage III precipitation database: automated
approaches for data processing and visualization.
Xie, H., Xiaobing, Z., Vivoni, E.R., Hendrickx, J.M.H, Guan, H.,
Tian, Y.Q., Small, E.E. Comparison of NEXRAD Stage III and Gauge
Precipitation Estimates in Central New Mexico
San Antonio River Authority. Regional Watershed Modeling
System Master Plan. Section 5
NOAA Website Available at
http://www.srh.noaa.gov/forecasts/TXZ205.php?warncounty=
TXC029&city=San+Antonio
USGS Water Resource Website Available at
http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/rt
Weather Underground
http://www.wunderground.com/radar/help.asp#base_reflectivity