Transcript Slides
1/23
GEOPOT
GEOthermal POwer in Turkey
(GEOPOT)
Virginie Harcouet, Christoph Clauser
Applied Geophysics and Geothermal Energy
E.ON Energy Research Center
RWTH Aachen University
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
2/23
Outline
• Motivation and vision
• Targets and synergy with running projects
• MeProRisk project at RWTH Aachen University
• Seismic risk assessment
• Socio-economic issues
• Final remarks
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
3/23
Motivation and vision
• Turkey has a large unused potential for the production of
geothermal power and heat
• RWTH Aachen University is running ambitious research
projects to improve the exploration, development, and
operation of geothermal fields
• ZORLU Energy expressed interest to be an industrial
partner in a EU demonstration project
• In FP7 we are expecting a call concerning :
“ Increased electricity production from low/medium enthalpy
geothermal sources „
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
4/23
Required expertise
• geology
• reflection seismics and earthquake seismology
• potential field and electromagnetic geophysics
• petrophysics and borehole geophysics
• geothermics
• computational engineering science
• drilling technology
• power conversion technology
• (smart) grid design
• economics
• operation and maintenance
• public outreach
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
5/23
Institutions
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BRGM
E.ON
CAPD
CNR-IGG
Geophysica
Marmara Research Centre
RWTH-E.ON ERC
RWTH-IFHT (Institute for High Voltage Technology)
RWTH-IDG (Institute of Steam and Gas turbines)
ZORLU
• Eventual additional institute: GFZ Potsdam
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
6/23
Turkey‘s geothermal potential
• Turkey’s rich geothermal resources are used only to a
small degree for the generation of the country’s electric
energy needs.
• It is a promising country to develop, test, and apply new
methodology for the exploration, development, and
operation of geothermal low/medium-enthalpy
reservoirs.
• However the conversion of geothermal energy into
electric energy is associated with uncertainty and risk.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
7/23
Geology
Simav graben formed
by NW-SE trending and
north-dipping faults:
the latest products of
the N-S extensional
tectonics
• Turkey is located within the Alpine
Himalayan orogenic belt
• Western Anatolia is a tectonically active
region : presence of large grabens
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
8/23
Studied area: Simav (Kütahya) Geothermal Field
• Simav Geothermal fluids are used for:
- District heating: capacity of 66 MWt
- The largest geothermal district heating system in
Turkey
- Deep geothermal wells located 4 km North of Simav
(720 m deep, 163 °C and 70 l/s)
- Balneology
- greenhouses
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
9/23
Geology Simav
• Basement: Paleozoic Menderes Massif rocks
• Main rocks are overlain by Mesozoic Kırkbucak formation and Cenozoic
Toklargozu and Eynal formations.
• Nasa basalts are the youngest volcanics in the region.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
10/23
Hydrogeology
• Reservoir rocks:
• - Mesozoic Kırkbucak formation (especially marbles) fractures and
faults.
- - Nasa basalts fractures.
• Cap rock in the geothermal system: Imperable Neogene rocks (such as
claystone)
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
11/23
Targets and synergy with running projects
• Our project (GEOPOT) will apply, in the region of Simav
(Turkey), techniques developed in the parallel methodoriented MeProRisk project (RWTH, Aachen) in order to
– explore and develop a geothermal field in Turkey
– quantify data uncertainty and corresponding economic
risk
• Quantify seismic risk due to the operation of a geothermal
field
• Construct a demonstration size (5 MW – 20 MW), modular
geothermal power plant
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
12/23
MeProRisk Description of the multi-stage strategy
• This project is based on (1) a novel multi-stage strategy
for the exploration of geothermal reservoirs and (2)
prognostic simulation tools with risk assessment
capabilities for the development and operation of
geothermal reservoirs.
• The strategy consists of a combination of surface and
borehole geophysics, petrophysics, geology, and
numerical simulation technology.
• Simulations are performed on a hierarchy of models for
flow and transport which differ in complexity and data
quality.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
13/23
MeProRisk project at RWTH Aachen University
Exploration
Geophysics
Surface borehole
Lab b
Exploration
layout f
Basic information
Geology a
Development
Production
Model concept
Numerical code
c
Inversion
Model update d
calibration
Uncertainty
Resolution e
Sensitivity
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
Production
-Monitoring h
-Flow tests
Evaluation
-Risk
g
-Scenarios
-Planning
14/23
MeProRisk project : Exploration phase
Initial zero-generation
model
Geophysics
Surface borehole
Lab b
Exploration
layout f
Basic information
Geology a
Model concept
Numerical code
c
a: based on available a priori
information.
c/d: Then a combination of forward
and inverse simulations is performed.
e/f: Optimization of location, depth,
Inversion
and number of exploration boreholes
Model update d
and quantify the uncertainty of the
calibration
model’s predictions.
Uncertainty
Resolution
Sensitivity e
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Information from these boreholes is
then used to generate the firstgeneration model.
15/23
MeProRisk project : Exploration phase
First-generation model
Geophysics
Surface borehole
Lab b
Exploration
layout f
a: based on the information from
boreholes.
Basic information
Geology a
c/d: Simulations based on this model
are tested against independent data
from existing boreholes.
Model concept
Numerical code
c
e/f: Calibrated version of the model
is used again to optimize location,
depth, and number of additional
exploration boreholes.
Inversion
Model update d
calibration
Uncertainty
Resolution
Sensitivity e
Information from these boreholes is
then used to generate the secondgeneration model.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
16/23
MeProRisk project : Exploration phase
Basic information
Geology a
Geophysics
Surface borehole
Lab b
Exploration
layout f
Model concept
Numerical code
c
Inversion
Model update d
calibration
This process is iterated until
a model is obtained with
sufficiently high prognostic
probability to optimize
location, depth, and number
of production and injection
boreholes for the reservoir to
be developed.
Uncertainty
Resolution
Sensitivity e
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
17/23
Industry involvement
• Essential for this demonstration project!
• Commitments required for both
– direct financial contributions (for boreholes, and surface
installations for energy conversion and transmission)
– provision of legal rights and claims for geothermal fields
• As project progresses from research and exploration
towards the installation of a geothermal power plant,
leadership will transfer from science to industry
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
18/23
Seismic risk assessment
• Simav’s geothermal reservoirs are located in a
tectonically active area where seismicity is to be
expected even without operation of a geothermal plant.
• In addition, reinjection may trigger seismicity.
Quantification of the seismic risk which is inherent to
the development and operation of the geothermal
reservoir.
• Quantification of the level of ground tremors which
would present a serious disturbance or threat to the
local population and which has to be avoided.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
19/23
Seismic Risk
•Micro-seismicity network can be used near the geothermal
area and new seismological stations can be established in the
region
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
20/23
Socio-economic issues and public acceptance
• The population of Simav already benefits from
geothermal energy as the district heating system is the
largest in Turkey, still it needs to be convinced of the
benefit derived from a local production of electric
energy.
• The 3D reservoir model simulations will be used to
optimize and guarantee the simultaneous production of
electric energy and heat for space heating.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
21/23
Public participation: district heating
• Autofinance system : 60 % of the investment The
citizens pay the geothermal heating cost two years in
advance and receive free heat for three years.
• The remaining 40 % of the system is supported by
government .
• The project payback period is 6 years.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
22/23
Feasibility study
• Kose (2007) studied the potential and utilization of the
existing geothermal energy resources in Kutahya–Simav
region.
Study of electrical energy generation by a binary-cycle
Potential of Kutahya–Simav geothermal power plant:
2.9 MWe energy (at least 17,020 MWh/yr electrical energy).
Conclusion: the feasibility study indicates that the project
approach is applicable and economically feasible.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
23/23
Scientific benefits
• Development and verification of a unified exploration,
production, and development technology with
prognostic and risk assessment capability for
geothermal steam reservoirs.
• Significant extension of current approaches will enable
a much better and quantitative judgment of the scientific
and technological uncertainties and financial and
environmental risks involved.
AND GEOTHERMAL ENERGY