Transcript MetzGailTimREV.ppt

New Technology-Driven Dynamics
in Scientific and Scholarly
Communication
Paul Metz, director, Collection Development and
College-based Services, University Libraries
Gail McMillan, director, Digital Library and Archives,
University Libraries
Tim Luke, University Distinguished Professor, Political
Science
Stuff Everybody Knows
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Journals have proliferated
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Some of this legitimate
Some of it is exploitative
Serials costs are out of control (ca.
11%/yr.)
Libraries have not been able to keep up
It’s crazy to buy back the product we
give away for free
The Baby in the Bath Water
We do need some sort of peer
review
 Journals add other values
besides quality control
 The work is labor-intensive
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Advantages of the Web
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Speed
Ubiquity
Updates, corrections, dialogue
Links
Largely unexplored possibilities (A/V,
rotations, nano-trips, raw data)
Just maybe an opportunity to start over
and avoid our past errors
3 Perspectives
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Library as information gateway - Paul
Library as active participant, broker,
publisher - Gail
Scholar’s perspective on both reading
and writing - Tim
Virginia Tech Libraries: Effects of
the Crisis in Scholarly & Scientific
Communications
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Have cut many serials
Have lost ground in book buying
Without new dollars, larger cuts still
ahead
Serials Cancellations, 1990’s
Year
Titles
Dollars Cut
1991
1,253
$315,000
1995
1,471
$452,000
1997
777
$621,000
1998
1,292
$566,000
TOTAL
4,793
$1,954,000
2002
1,300 $1,000,000
Meanwhile:
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Funds for book buying declined through the
1990’s, even in unadjusted dollars.
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We lost our position as a 2:1 net lender of
materials to other institutions, becoming
instead a net borrower.
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We now get less than half as many books as
NC State and about 30% fewer serials.
Major Changes: Web Technology
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A & I layer is now electronic
College librarians become viable
Multi-institution networking is more
feasible (witness VIVA)
What the Library Accomplished
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Indexes in virtually all disciplines are
available remotely
Reference resources
Subject-specific web pages
Remote services
We have 2,900+ ejournals
19,000+ ejournals through aggregators
2,900+ fully owned journals
These include:
 E-versions of print journals
 Retro republishing of print journals
 E-only journals
 Societal and forward-looking
 Same old carnivores
Other Advantages of the Web
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We have lots of links
– citation to text
– text-to-text
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We can meter what’s used like never
before
VT Scholarly Communications
Library adapts traditional publishers’ roles
Gail McMillan
director, Digital Library and
Archives, University Libraries
Tempe Principles
Emerging Systems of Scholarly Publishing
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Contain publishing costs
Electronic publishing
– wider access to scholarship
– encourages interdisciplinary research
– enhances interoperability and searchability--standards
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Archives must be secure, remain permanently
available
Quality
– Time from submission to publication should be reduced and
consistent with quality control
– Continue to evaluate quality of scholarly work
– Faculty evaluation should emphasize quality of publications
more; quantity less
TP (cont.): Copyright and Fair Use
Balance for both owners and users
 Assure
faculty access to and use of their own
published works in their research and teaching
 Faculty should negotiate publishing
agreements that promote use of their work
 Choose journals that support the goal of
making scholarly publications available at
reasonable costs
Alternative Models
Addressing the Journal Crisis
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NEAR: David
Shulenburger, Provost,
University of Kansas
Charles Phelps, Provost,
University of Rochester
ARL: Scholarly
Publishing and Academic
Resources Coalition
Los Alamos National
Laboratory
National Institutes of
Health
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National Electronic Article
Repository
–
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http://www.arl.org/newsltr/202/intro.h
tml
Separate peer review
and distribution
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http://www.arl.org/202/phelps.html
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SPARC
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Online preprints: Open
Archives Initiative
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http://www.openarchives.org/
PubMed Central
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http://www.nih.gov/about/director/pu
bmedcentral/
Digital Library and Archives
Ejournal Accesses
3,500,000
3,122,290
3,000,000
2,500,000
2,000,000
1,879,552
1,500,000
1,016,015
1,000,000
575,942
500,000
359,819
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
Access to VT ETDs
1996
1997
Total requests 37,171 247,537
Daily requests
102
685
ETD requests 4,600 72,854
Abstract req. 25,829 112,633
Hosts served
9, 015 22,725
1998
465,974
1,722
244,987
177,647
28,022
1999
1,190,113
3,016
671,981
217,796
35,593
2000
1,894,510
5,176
734,807
320,273
105,632
1990-1994: paper TD circulated 2-3/yr
• VT theses submitted 1990-94: combined average circulation
was 2.24/yr per copy
• VT dissertations submitted 1990-94: combined average
circulation was 3.2/yr per copy
Change Scholarly Communications
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VT has the expertise
-- Library
-- Digital Imaging
-- CDDC
-- Broadcast Communications
-- DLRL
-- Information Systems
-- Educational Technologies
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Faculty must help
Take the risk--VT is not alone
Scholar’s Perspective:
Changing Reading and Writing
Dr. Timothy Luke
University Distinguished Professor
Political Science
CDDC: Total Statistics
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7,818,591 Total Hits
1,462,840 Total Pages
400Mbit per day average
transfer
800+ Hits on Major Search
Engines
500+ Links to CDDC
Fastsearch Canonical Return
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www.vt.edu has 6601
scholar.lib.vt.edu 2036
www.cddc.vt.edu 1161
www.dlib.vt.edu 37
Alignments
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Art in the Public Interest
Association of Internet Researchers
Center for Theory, University of Texas at Arlington
Community Arts Network
Critical Theory Institute U.C. Irvine
Internet Society
Internet Societal Task Force
NewMediaStudies.org
School of English, Film, and Theater Studies, Victoria
University of Wellington New Zealand
Resource Center for CyberCulture Studies
Theory, Culture and Society at Nottingham Trent University
UK
Ultibase at Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT)
Australia
University Initiatives
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Choices and Challenges Archive of Center for Science
in Society
EEDDLL
IPS, Certificate program in Information, Policy and
Society
JHSB
Learning Online and Learning 2000 Archives
OLMA, PSCI the Award Winning Online M.A.: Dept. of
Political Science
New River: Journal of Hypertext Literature: Dept. of
English
Political Theory: Dept. of Political Science
Non-Virginia Tech Collections
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Association of Internet Researchers Conference page
Association of Internet Researchers Online Graduate Student
Seminar
Association of Internet Researchers Conference Archives
Conference Group for Theory, Policy, and Society
Digital Government Initiative
Encoded Eye
Feminist Theory Website
Illuminations
Knownet
Marxists.org
Project Gutenberg
Situationist International
Unit for Theory
Software
– Linux Archives, X11, Kernel.org
– GNU Software
– CPAN
– Python.org